Fish ecology, evolution, and exploitation: a new theoretical synthesis

277 Pages·2019·8.111 MB·English

by  Andersen, Ken H

Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation
MONOGRAPHSINPOPULATIONBIOLOGY
SIMONA.LEVINANDHENRYS.HORN,SERIESEDITORS
Fish Ecology, Evolution,
and Exploitation
A New Theoretical Synthesis
ken h. andersen
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PrincetonandOxford
Copyright(cid:2)c 2019byPrincetonUniversityPress
PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress
41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540
6OxfordStreet,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201TR
press.princeton.edu
AllRightsReserved
LibraryofCongressControlNumber2018957496
ClothISBN978-0-691-17655-0
PaperbackISBN978-0-691-19295-6
BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable
Editorial:AlisonKalettandKristinZodrow
ProductionEditorial:SaraLerner
TextandCoverDesign:CarminaAlvarez
Production:ErinSuydam
Publicity:MatthewTaylorandJuliaHall
Copyeditor:JenniferHarris
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Contents
Preface ix
Notation xi
1. NothingasPracticalasaGoodTheory 1
1.1 WhatCharacterizesaGoodTheory? 7
1.2 HowtoReadThisBook 8
PartI
INDIVIDUALS
2. SizeSpectrumTheory 15
2.1 WhatIsBodySize? 18
2.2 WhatIsaSizeSpectrum? 19
2.3 ScalingofPhysiologywithBodySize 21
2.4 WhatIstheSizeSpectrumExponent? 30
2.5 WhatIsthePredationMortality? 33
2.6 HowLongAreMarineFoodChains? 35
2.7 WhatIstheTrophicEfficiency? 35
2.8 Summary 37
3. IndividualGrowthandReproduction 38
3.1 ThevonBertalanffyGrowthModel 39
3.2 AsymptoticSizeasaMasterTrait 42
3.3 BioenergeticFormulationoftheGrowthEquation 48
3.4 WhichOtherTraitsDescribeFishLifeHistories? 52
3.5 Summary 54
PartII
POPULATIONS
4. Demography 59
4.1 WhatIstheSizeStructureofaPopulation? 61
4.2 Reproduction,Recruitment,andDensityDependence 71
vi CONTENTS
4.3 WhyUseaStock-RecruitmentRelation? 75
4.4 WhatIsthePhysiologicalMortality? 76
4.5 Summary 80
5. Fishing 82
5.1 FisheriesSelectivity 84
5.2 ImpactofFishingonSmallandLargeSpecies 86
5.3 FisheriesReferencePoints 89
5.4 WhichGearSelectivityMaximizesYield? 95
5.5 Summary 96
6. Fisheries-InducedEvolution 100
6.1 WhichSelectionResponsesDoWeExpect? 104
6.2 QuantitativeGenetics 106
6.3 EvolutionaryImpactAssessmentofFishing 109
6.4 Summary:WhatIsanEvolutionaryEnlightened
FisheriesManagement? 114
7. PopulationDynamics 117
7.1 WhatIsthePopulationGrowthRate? 119
7.2 HowFastDoesaPopulationRecover
fromOverfishing? 124
7.3 HowDoesaPopulationRespondtoEnvironmental
Fluctuations? 129
7.4 Summary 131
PartIII
TRAITS
8. TeleostsversusElasmobranchs 135
8.1 HowDoTeleostsandElasmobranchsDiffer? 136
8.2 HowSensitiveAreElasmobranchstoFishing? 139
8.3 WhyDoTeleostsMakeSmallEggs? 141
8.4 WhyDoElasmobranchsMakeLargeOffspring? 142
8.5 Summary 148
9. Trait-BasedApproachtoFishEcology 150
9.1 Life-HistoryStrategies 152
9.2 TraitsandTrade-offs 154
9.3 TheSweetSpotofComplexity 158
CONTENTS vii
PartIV
COMMUNITIES
10. Consumer-ResourceDynamicsandEmergent
DensityDependence 163
10.1 AConsumer-ResourceModel 166
10.2 EmergentDensityDependence 172
10.3 WheninLifeDoesDensityDependenceOccur? 175
10.4 FishingonaStockwithEmergentDensityDependence 178
10.5 Summary 180
11. TraitStructureoftheFishCommunity 183
11.1 StructureofanUnfishedCommunity 184
11.2 DynamicCommunityModel 189
11.3 DynamicCommunityModelversusAnalyticTheory 193
11.4 SpeciesversusTraits 196
11.5 Summary 199
12. CommunityEffectsofFishing 200
12.1 TrophicCascades 201
12.2 WhatIstheImpactofForageFishing? 204
12.3 WhatIstheMaximumSustainableYieldofaCommunity? 206
12.4 Size-andTrait-BasedModelsforEcosystem-Based
FisheriesManagement 209
PartV
EPILOGUE
13. TheSize-andTrait-BasedApproach 217
13.1 SizeversusAge-BasedApproachesforFisheriesScience 217
13.2 FutureDirectionsofSize-andTrait-BasedTheory 221
PartVI
APPENDIXES
A. SingleStockSizeSpectrumModel 233
B. Consumer-ResourceModel 235
C. CommunityModel 237
Bibliography 239
Index 255

Preface
Thankstoallthecolleagues,collaborators,students,funders,andeverybodyelse
whosepresenceandsupporthasmadeitpossibleformetowritethisbook. The
theoryistheproductofmyworkduringmorethanadecadeattheNationalInsti-
tuteforAquaticResourcesattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmark.Iamgrateful
forbeingpartofthebroadandinspiringscientificenvironmentthattheinstitute
has fostered. None of my work would have been possible without support from
myotherclosecolleaguesandcollaborators:RobertArlinghaus,JanBeyer,Julia
Blanchard, Keith Brander, Keith Farnsworth, Henrik Gislason, Simon Jennings,
ThomasKiørboe,JakeRice,UffeH.Thygesen,andAndyVisser,andmystudents:
MartinHartvig,NisSandJacobsen,AlexandrosKokkalis,KarinOlsson,andRob
vanGemert.FundingtosupporttheworkhasbeenprovidedthroughnumerousEU
projects:MEECE,MYFISH,IMAGE,FACTSandFishAce,andinparticularby
theVillumFoundationthroughitsgeneroussupportoftheCentreforOceanLife.
Thisbookwaswrittenbetweenotherdutiesoveratwo-yearperiod.Particular
thanks to Jan Beyer for getting me started and to Thomas Kiørboe for pushing
me to finish it. Thanks to Daniel van Denderen, Christian Jørgensen, and Marc
Mangelforcomments, andtoRobvanGemertforpatientlyproofingallthetext
(remainingerrorsaresolelymyresponsibility).ThanksalsotoSimonLevinand
hisinspiringgroupofstudentsandpostdocsforhostingmeatPrincetonUniversity
duringspring2016,wherethefirsthalfofthebookwaswritten,andtotheDanish
ShellfishCenterforhostingmeduringthefinalstages.Lastbutnotleast,thanks
tomywife,Anna,forherpatienceandsupport.