Table Of ContentRecords of the Western Australian Museum 21: 359-366 (2003).
First valid record ofAstacilla Cordiner, 1793 in Australia, with
description of a new species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Arcturidae)
Rachael A. King
MuseumVictoria,POBox666E,Melbourne,Vic.3001,Australia,and DepartmentofZoology,
UniversityofMelbourne,Parkville,Victoria3052,Australia
PresentAddress:SoutheasternRegionalTaxonomicCenter,MarineResourcesResearchInstitute,
POBox12599,Charleston,SC29422,USA.
kingr®mrd.dnr.state.se.us
Abstract - A new species of arcturid isopod, Astacilla lewtonae, is described
from Western Australia. Although other Australian species have been
attributed previously to this genus, this is the first record for the genus as
currentlydiagnosed.
INTRODUCTION Guiler (1949) was also reluctant to confirm the
The Arcturidae Dana, 1849 are a specialised genusNeastacillaanddescribedfivenewTasmanian
group of marine isopods, which use the anterior species of Astacilla {Astacilla monoseta, A.
fourpairsofpereopodsasasetosefilteringcomplex inaequispinosa, A. unicornis, A. derwenti, and A.
extending from a cylindricalbody usuallyelevated oculata). Of these, only A. monoseta and A.
above the substrate. The family belongs to the inaequispinosa are currently valid species (Poore et
isopodsuborderValvifera,whichhas recentlybeen al,2002).
restricted by Poore (2001) who removed many All southern Pacific species of Astacilla were
AgnetnaerrcatutrriaddiateioPnoaolrley,p2l0a0c1edinipnarittictuolaort.her families, pruebmloivsehdedtoaNenasetwacidlliaagbnyosKisussoafkiNneas(t1a9c7i2l)law.hAo
The first description of an Australian arcturid thorough review of 18 Australian species of
isopod was of Arcturus brevicomis Haswell, 1881 Neastacilla (Lew Ton, 1980) concurred with
from New South Wales. The types of this species Kussakin'sconclusions,findingthatNeastacilla was
aFruertlhoesrt bsupteciitesisopfrAorbcatbulryusa wspeerceiedsesofcrNiebaesdtacfirlloam. Aastvacaillilad, Pwahciicfihchgaednunos kclneoawrnlyrseperpeasreanttaetdivefsroimn
New South Wales by Whitelegge (1904), Arcturus Australia. So, until now the family has been
alcicornis, A. dentatus, A. nodosus, A. serratulus, A. represented in Australia by Amesopous Stebbing,
simplicissimus,thetypesofallofwhicharealsolost. 1905, Neastacilla Tattersall, 1921, and Parastacilla
AllprobablybelongintheAntarcturidae. Hale, 1924,onlythelastbeingendemic(King,2000;
The first review of Australian arcturid taxa was Pooreetal.,2002)
thatofHale(1924),whoexaminedmanyspecimens AlthoughAstacillaisalmostcertainlyparaphyletic
and established the endemic genus Parastacilla for (King, 2001), a useful diagnosis can be written.
twoverydistinctive species. Healso described two Astacilla currently comprises 32 species distributed
other species and placed them in Neastacilla in the northern and central North Atlantic,
Tattersall {Neastacilla algensis and Neastacilla Mediterranean, northern North Pacific, southern
deducta). In a further, more comprehensive, review Africa, and in India (Table 1). The new species
Hale (1946) describedfivearcturidspeciesfromthe describedhereextendstherangeofthegenustothe
Southern Hemisphere and placed them all in eastern Indian Ocean and is the first record from
Astacilla {Astacilla attenuata, A. macilenta, A. sheardi Australia.
aNnedwA.Zeviaclaarniad)fraormguAiunstgratlhiaatatnhdeAg.efnuussifoNmeiaisstafcirlolma MuMsateeurmia,l Piserdtehpo(siWtAedM)inatnhde WMeussteerunmAuVsitcrtaolriiaan,
Tattersall was poorly differentiated from Astacilla Melbourne(NMV).
and should not be recognised. Hale (1946) re-
examined his two previously described Australian SYSTEMATICS
species,NeastacillaalgensisHale,1924andNeastacilla
deducta Hale, 1924, moving both to Astacilla, and
included Astacilla marionensis Beddard, 1886 and AstacillaCordiner,1793
Astacilla kerguelensis Vanhoffen, 1914 from the Astacilla Cordiner, 1793. -Sars, 1897: 87. -Monod,
SouthernOceaninhisdiscussion. 1970: 1127-1142.-Kensley, 1983: 163-164.
360 R.A.King
Table1 ThespeciesofAstacillaandtheirdistributions.
Species Distribution
A.amblyuraStebbing,1905 SouthernIndia(Pillai, 1963).
A.arietinaSars,1882 Norway,NorthAtlantic(Sars,1897;Kussakin,1982).
A.axeliCastello,1992 WesternMediterranean(Castello,1997).
A.bispinata (Menzies&Kruczynski,1983) GulfofMexico.
A.bocageiNobre,1903 Portugal.
A.bonnieriiStephensen,1915 StraitsofGibraltar;Mediterranean.
A.caecaBenedict,1898 NorthAtlantic(Richardson,1905;Schultz,1969;Kussakin, 1982).
A.cinguiculaCastello&Carballo,2000 WesternMediterranean.
A.comiger(Stebbing,1873) SouthAfrica(Barnard,1914,1920;Kensley,1978, 1984).
Juniorsynonymsinclude:Antarcturusornatus,
Tattersall,1913;AstacillasetosaVanhoffen,1914;
ArclurcrpsishirsutusBarnard,1914;
ArcturopsishirsutussubglaberBarnard,1914.
A.cymodoceaMenzies&Glynn,1968 GulfofMexico,Caribbean(Kensley&Schotte,1989).
A.depressaCastello&Poore,1998 westernMediterranean.
A.dcshayesiiLucas,1849 Europe
A.eminentiaKensley,1984 SouthAfrica.
A.gibbossaPillai,1954 India (Pillai,1963).
A.glabrus(Benedict,1898) BeringSea,northwesternPacificOcean(Richardson,1899,1905,
1909;Birstein,1963;Schultz,1969;Kussakin,1982).
A.gorgonophila Monod,1925 northAfrica;Mediterranean.
A.granulata(Sars,1877) easternUSA,UnitedKingdom,NorwegianSea(Harger,1880;
Benedict,1898;Richardson, 1905;Schultz,1969;Kussakin,1982).
Juniorsynonym:AstacillaamericanaHarger,1878.
A. intermedia (Goodsir,1841) UnitedKingdom,Scandinavia(Kussakin,1982).Juniorsynonym:
ArcturusaffinisSars,1869.
A.laevisCastello&Poore,1998 westernMediterranean.
A. lauffiMenzies&Frankberg,1966 Texas;Georgia(Schultz,1969;Clark&Robertson,1982).
A.lasallaePaul&Menzies,1971 Venezuela(Kensley&Schotte,1989).
A. longicomis(Sowerby,1805)Juniorsynonyms UnitedKingdom;Scandinavia(Sars,1897;Stephensen,1948;
include:LeacialacertosaJohnston,1825;Leachia Gruner,1965;Naylor, 1972;Kussakin,1982).
gracilisGoodsir,1841;ArcturusdeshayesiiLucas,
1849;ArcturuslinearisStebbing,1878.
A. longispina (Kensley,1978) SouthAfrica(Kensley,1978;Kensley,1984).
A.mamaKensley&Schotte,1994 Dominica.
A.mediterraneaKoehler,1911 Mediterranean(Barnard,1920;Kensley,1984;Kensley,1978;
Kensley, 1984).
A.monodiTattersall,1925 Mauritania.
A.paucisetosaCastello&Caballo,2000 WesternMediterranean.
A.pusilla(Sars,1873) Scandinavia(Sars,1897;Kussakin,1982).
A.serrataNunomura,1998 Japan.
A.spinata(Menzies&Kruczynzki,1983)Junior Belize,Barbados,StLucia.
synonym:A. reginaKensley,1984;(Kensley&
Schotte,1989).
A. tayronaeMuller,1993 Columbia
A. tranquilla(Kensley,1975) SouthAfrica(Kensley,1978,1984).
Speciestransferredtoothergenera:
A.anophthalmusBirstein,1963 Arcturus.
A.attentuataHale,1946 Neastacilla.
A.bacillusBarnard,1920 Neastacilla.
A.califomicaBoone,1918 Neastacilla.
A.dilatataRichardson,1909 preoccupied,replacementname:Neastacillarichardsonae.
A.dilatataSars,1882 typespeciesofArcturella.
A.diomedeaeBenedict,1898 Neastacilla.
A.estadoensisSchultz,1981 Neastacilla.
A.falclandicaOhlin,1901 typespeciesofNeastacilla.
A.fusiformisHale,1946 Neastacilla.
NewspeciesofAstacillafromAustralia 361
Table1(cont.)
Species Distribution
A.giardiBonnier,1896 Arcturopsis.
A.inaecfuispinosaGuiler,1949 Neastacilla.
A.kerguelensisVanhbffen,1914 Neastacilla.
A. levisThomson&Anderton,1921 Neastacilla.
A.macilentaHale,1946 Neastacilla.
A.magellanicaOhlin,1901 Neastacilla.
A.marionensisBeddard,1886 Neastacilla.
A.monosetaGuiler, 1949 Neastacilla.
A.politaGurjanova, 1936 Neastacilla.
A.setosaVanhbffen,1914 juniorsynonymofAstacillacorniger.
A.sheardiHale,1946 Neastacilla.
A.vicariaHale, 1946 Neastacilla.
LeachiagracilisGoodsir,1841 juniorsynonymofAstacillalongicornis.
L.granulataSars,1877 Astacilla.
L.intermediaGoodsir,1841 Astacilla.
L.nodosaDana,1849 Arcturella.
LeacialacertosaJohnston,1825 juniorsynonymofAstacillaintermedia.
Typespecies an elongate fifth pereonite (Bate & Westwood,
Oniscus longicornis Sowerby, 1805, subsequent 1868), pereopod 1 with a claw, one pair of
designation by Fowler, 1912 (ICZN, 1986: Opinion oostegites (Sars, 1897), and the loss of dactyls on
1369). pereopods 2 to 4 (Kussakin, 1972). Examination of
several species of Astacilla has shown that these
Diagnosis characters are variable and in the case of the
Body strongly geniculate between pereonites 4 number of oostegites, incorrect. The lack of known
aslnednd5e,rc,yl2inodrri3cafll,agweiltlharnaortdioclressa,lfrliadggee.llAunmteenndniang2 sgyennearpaomcoropmhbiicnecdharwaictthertshteaterselfuocrtamnacneyofarcmtaurniyd
with claw. Maxillipedal palp with all segments authors to examine the higher systematics of the
free, palp article 3 similar width as article 2. genera has lead to muchconfusion within arcturid
Pereonite 4 elongate, male and female of similar taxonomy and much debate (Nordenstam, 1933;
length. Monod, 1970; Kussakin, 1972; Schultz, 1981;
Pereopod 1 setose, with unguis (rarely without). Menzies & Kruczynski, 1983;Wagele, 1989; Brandt,
Pereopods 2—i present and functional as setose 1991).
appendages, dactylus absent. Pereopods 2-4
cylindrical, held close to the mouthparts, able to
extend past the mouthparts, setae inrows, setae as Astacillalewtonaesp.nov.
long as segment, flexion between the carpus and Figures1^
the propodus present. Pereopods 5-7 with 2 Material examined
ungues,secondaryvmguisrobust.
Penialplatenarrow,apexsimple.Malepleopod 1 Holotype
with lateralnotch, with3 lateralsetae, lateral setae Male, 7.3 mm. Western Australia, between
of similar length. Male pleopod 2 with appendix Dampierand PortHedland, 19°03.00’S; 119°00.00'E,
masculina tapered, without ridge, distally not 80 m, WHOI epibenthic sled, CSIRO division of
widened,straight,elongated. Fisheries,11Dec1982(WAMC32344).
Uropodalexopodpresent,3setaeoninnerramus.
Femalefunctionalbroodpouchmajoritymadeup Paratypes
ofpereonite4(or3and4).Oostegite5absent. Female, 6.0 mm. Western Australia, between
Dampierand PortHedland, 19°37.00'S; 118°53.00'E,
Remarks 30 m, WHOI epibenthic sled, CSIRO division of
ThesystematicsofthegenusAstacillaiscurrently Fisheries, 3 Jun 1983 (WAM C 32345). 2 females;
unresolved, given the similarities of many species 7.0-7.5 mm, 19“28.40'S; 118°55.10'E, 38 m, WHOI
to those in the genera Arcturella and Neastacilla. In epibenthicsled,CSIROdivisionofFisheries,25Oct
the past Astacilla has been successively defined by 1983 (WAM C 32346 ). Immature male, 5 mm.
362 R.A.King
Figure1 Astacillaleivtonaen.sp.,femaleholotype(NMVJ16900):a,lateralview;b,dorsalview.Male
lateralview;d,dorsalview.Scale=1.0mm.
19"29.90'S;118‘’52.00’E,37m,WHOIepibenthicsled, J16582). ll‘’02.00'S; 132°58.00'E, 8 m, SCUBA, in
CSIRO division of Fisheries, 24 Oct 1983 (NMV hydroids,Lowry,J.K.,16Oct1982(NMVJ16935).
J16651). Manca 2, 3 mm, 19"50.00'S; 118°57.90'E, 84 South Australia, Spencer Gulf, Douglas Bank,
m, WHOI epibenthic sled, CSIRO division of 32°47.18'S; 137°50.00'E, 15 m. South Australia
Fisheries, 29 Aug 1983 (NMV J16667). 3 females; Fisheries,Aug1986 (NMVJ16917).
6.5-7.0 mm, 19“29.60’S; 118°51.70'E, 40 m, WHOI
epibenthicsled,CSIROdivisionofFisheries, 25Oct Description
1983(NMVJ16648).
Female
Body geniculate and cylindrical. Anterolateral
Othermaterialexamined margins of head sub-truncate with medial
Northern Territory, North West end, Bommies, indentation,asmallrostralpointevident. Fusionof
McCluer Island, 11“02.00’S; 132°58.00'E, 8 m, head and pereonite 1 indicated by dorsolateral
SCUBA,insponges,Lowry,J.K., 16Oct1982(NMV groove incised laterally. Head heavily tuberculate.
NewspeciesofAstacillafromAustralia 363
with 2 tuberculate dorsal elevations central and Maxilla 1 inner lobe with 3 terminal setae; outer
posterior to eyes, anterior tubercle with 2 apices. lobe with 10robustsetae. Maxilla 2 innerlobe with
Pereonite2widerthanpereonite1,tuberculatewith 15 plumose setae; middle lobe with 4 setae; outer
angularlateralmarginsextended.Pereonite3wider lobe with 3 setae. Maxillipedal endite with 10
than pereonite 2, tuberculate with angular lateral mesial setae; palp article 2 and 3 with mesial setal
marginsextended. Pereonite4 about6timeslonger rows; article 4 with mesial and lateral setal rows;
than pereonite 3; dorsally wider than pereonite 3, article5withdistalsetae.
tuberculate, angularlateralmarginsextended, with Pereopod 1 propodus smaller than carpus;
small posterior lateral extensions. Pereonites 5 to 7 dactylus about twice as long as wide, bearing
progressively shorter posteriorly; heavily unguis,whichislongerthandactylus.Pereopods2-
tuberculate, with lateral extensions. Pleon with 4merustopropoduswithpairedrowsoflongsetae;
evidence of three fused pleonites plus pleotelson; dactylus absent; flexion between carpus and
total length longer than combined lengths of propoduspresent.
pereonites5 to 7, with small anterior lateralwings, Pereopods 5 to 7 progressively shorter; dactylus
posteriorangularlateralwingsandroundedapex. denticulate, unguis present with secondary unguis
Eyesround,dorsolateral.Antenna1reachingpast 2/3lengthofprimaryunguis.
distaledge ofsecond pedunculararticle ofantenna Uropod exopod not reaching mid point of
2; flagellum slender with aesthetascs attached endopod,with2setaeofsubequallength.
distally. Antenna 2 slender, more than half as long Oostegites present on pereopods 1 to 4; oostegite
as body; flagellum of 2 articles plus claw, lower 4 thickened, with transverse suture delimiting
marginwithoutscales. posteriorlobe.
L-
^ ^
T/TI // ',<1 7?
Figure2 Astacilla lewtonaen.sp., female holotype (NMVJ16900); left maxilliped; leftmaxillae 1 and 2; left mandible;
antennae1and2.Scales:a(A2)=0.5mm;b(Al, dAl)=0.5mm;c(MP,MXl,MX2,MD)=0.5mm.
364 R.A.King
Figure3 Astacillalewtonaen.sp.,femaleholotype(NMVJ16900):pereopods1to7.Scale=0.5mm.
Male marginsnotextended.Pereonites5to7tuberculate,
Body geniculate and cylindrical. Anterolateral anterolateral margins extended. Pleon length
lobes of head rounded with tuberculations, small greater thancombined lengths ofpereonites5 to 7,
rostral point evident. Head and pereonite 1 fused evidence of 3 fused pleonites plus pleotelson, with
and with similar tuberculate ornamentation to small anterior lateral wings, angular posterior
female. Pereonite 2 and 3 tuberculate; lateral lateralwingsandroundedapex.
marginsnotgreatlyextended. Pereonite4around8 Eyes round and dorsolateral. Antenna 1
times length of pereonite 3, tuberculate, lateral extending past distal edge of second peduncular
NewspeciesoiAstacillafromAustralia 365
article of antenna 2; flagellum uniarticulate and Remarks
with aesthetascs attached distally and laterally Although morphologically similar to Australian
alongtheentirelength.Antenna2asforfemale. Neastacillaspecies,thepossessionofalong,straight
Mouthpartsasforfemale. appendixmasculinaistheprimary reasonwhythis
Pereopodsasforfemale. species belongs in Astacilla. Other characteristics
Pleopod 1 exopod with lateral notch and 3 that support the placement of this species within
plumose setae of similar lengths on posterior face. Astacilla are the possession of flexion between the
Pleopod 2 with appendix masculina straight and carpus and propodus and the complete lack of
extendingtwicethelengthoftheendopod,tapering dactyli on pereopods 2 to 4, the presence of a
totwofilaments.Penialplatestraightandsimple. dactylusonpereopod 1andtheshapeofthefemale,
which is widened and not especially elongate at
Distribution pereonite 4. The dorsal and lateral sculpture ofthe
Australia: Western Australia, Northern Territory, body of this species makes it unique among the
SouthAustralia;8to84metres. Astacillaspecies.
Figure4 Astacillalewtomen.sp.,male(NMVJ16904): pleopods 1 and2;penialplate. Femaleholotype(NMVJ16900):
d=is1t.a0lmemn.dofuropod;a,ventralviewwithoostegites.Scales:a(PLl,PL2,Pe)=0.5mm;b(U)=0.5mm;c(e)
366 R.A.King
Etymology Kussakin, O. G. (1972). Isopoda fromthecoastal zoneof
This species is named for Helen Lew Ton who the Kurile Islands. III. Three new arcturids from the
detected this 'strange' species in the collections of MiddleKurileswithtaxonomicremarksonthefamily
MuseumVictoria. Arcturidae.CrustaceanaSupplement3: 178-189.
Lew Ton, H. M. (1980). Reassessment of the genus
NeastacillaTattersall(Crustacea:Isopoda:Acrturidae)and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS arevisionoftheAustralasianspecies.B.Sc. (Hons)thesis,
This work was conducted as part of a MonashUniversity,unpublished.
postgraduate degree at the Zoology IDepartment, Menzies, R. J. and W. L. Kruczynski. (1983). Isopod
UfnuinvdeerdsibtyyaonfAuMsetlrbaoliuarnnePosatngdraMduuasteeuAmwarVidc.to1raiam, MonHCoorduurs,gtlaaTcs.esa(C1r(9uei7xs0ce)ls.us6i:Svu1e-r1o2fq6.uEeplicqaureisdeai)s.opMoedmeosirsmaorfitnhse
grateful to Dr Gary Poore (Museum Victoria) for d'AustralieI.Arcturidae.BulletinduMuseumNational
accesstothecollections,adviceandencouragement d'HistoireNaturelle,Paris(2)42: 1127-1142.
and to Professor Alan Myers (University College Nordenstam, A. (1933). Marine Isopoda of the families
Cork)foradviceonthemanuscript. Serolidae, Idotheidae, Pseudidotheidae, Arcturidae,
Parasellidae and Stenetriidae mainly from the South
Atlantic. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish
REFERENCES
AntarcticExpedition,1901-19033: 1-284,2pis,errata.
Bate, C. S. and J. O. Westwood. (1868). A history ofthe Poore, G. C. B. (2001). Isopoda Valvifera: diagnoses and
British sessile-eyed Crustacea. Volume 2. John Van relationships of the families, journal of Crustacean
Voorst,London.536pp. Biology21:213-238.
Beddard,F. E. (1886).ReportontheIsopodacollectedby Poore, G. C. B., Lew Ton, H. M. and Bardsley, T. M.
HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76. Part 2. (2002). Suborder Valvifera Sars, 1882. in; Houston,
ReportoftheVoyageofHMSChallenger17:1-178. W.W.K., and Beesley, P. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of
Brandt, A. (1991). Zur Besiedlungsgeschichte des Australia.l9.2a. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Syncarida,
antarktishcen Schelfes am Beispiel der Isopoda Peracarida; Isopoda, Tanaidacea, Mictacea,
(Crustacea, Malacostraca). Berichte zur Polarforschung Thermosbaenacea, Spelaeogriphacea. CSIRO
98: 1-240. Publishing:Melbourne.
Cordiner, C. (1793). Remarkable ruins, and romantic Sars, G. O. (1897), Parts 5, 6. Idotheidae, Arcturidae,
prospects,ofNorth Britain. Withancientmonuments,arrd Asellidae, laniridae, Munnidae. Pp. 81-116, pis 33-
singular subjects of natural history. Peter Mazell, 48, In:AnaccountoftheCrustaceaofNorwaywithshort
London.96plateswithletterpress. descriptionsandfiguresofallthespecies. Vol.2Isopoda.
Dana, ]. D. (1849). Conspectus crustaceorum quae in BergenMuseum,Bergen.
orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Schultz, G. A. (1981). Arcturidae fromthe Antarctic and
classeReipublicae,FoederateDuce,lexitetdescripsit. Southern Seas (Isopoda, Valvifera) Part I. Pp. 63-94
AmericanjournalofSciencesandArts(2)8:424-428. In: BiologyoftheAntarcticSeas 10. Antarctic Research
Guiler, E. R. (1949). New species of Astacilla from Series.Vol.32.AmericanGeophysicalUnion.
Tasmanianwaters. Papersand ProceedingsoftheRoyal Stebbing,T. R. R. (1905). ReportontheIsopodacollected
SocietyofTasmania1948:45-64. by Professor Herdman at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to
Hale,H. M.(1924).NotesonAustralianCrustacea.No.3. theGovernmentofCeylonon thePearlOysterFisheriesof
Transactions ofthe Royal Society ofSouth Australia 48: the GulfofManaar, Supplementary Report 4: 1-64, pis
61-12.
209-225.
Hale,H.M.(1946).Isopoda-Valvifera.British,Australian Sowerby,J.(1805).TheBritishMiscellany,part4.London.
and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, 1929- Tattersall,W. M. (1921). Crustacea. PartVI.-Tanaidacea
1931. Reports-Series B (Zoology and Botany) 5: 161- andIsopoda.BritishAntarctic“TerraNova"Expedition,
212 Natural History Reports, Zoology 3: 191-258, pis Wi-
.
Haswell, W. A. (1881). On some new Australian marine lli.
Isopoda- Part II. Proceedings ofthe Linnean Societyof Vanhoffen, E. (1914). Die Isopoden der Deutschen
NewSouthWales6:181-196,pis3,4. Stidpolar Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Sudpolar
Kensley, B. (1983). Astacilla Cordiner, 1793 (Crustacea, Expedition 1901-190325(Zoologie)7:447-598.
Isopoda): proposed nomenclatural validation by use Wagele, J. W. (1989). Evolution und phylogenetisches
ofplenary powersZ.N.(S.) 2319. Bulletin ofZoological System der Isopoda. Stand der Forschung und neue
Nomenclature40: 163-164. Erkenntnisse.Zoologica(Stuttgart)140: 1-262.
King, R. A. (2000). Rediagnosis oftheendemicsouthern Whitelegge, T. (1904). Scientific results of the trawling
Australian genus Parastacilla Hale, 1924 (Crustacea: expeditionofH.M.C.S. "Thetis"offthecoastofNew
Isopoda: Arcturidae) with descriptions of two new SouthWalesinFebruaryand March,1898.Crustacea.
species.MemoirsoftheMuseumofVictoria58:125-136 Part IV. Isopoda. Part III. Memoirs ofthe Australian
King, R. A. (2001). The systematics, evolution and Museum4:405-416.
biogeographyoftheArcturidae(Crustacea, Isopoda). PhD
thesis.UniversityofMelbourne:Melbourne.253pp.
Manuscriptreceived21 October2002;accepted2April2003
