Table Of ContentAnim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 34, No. 4: 181-189, October 2018
https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2018.34.4.181
Review article
First Report of Two Cephalobidae Species
(Nematoda: Cephalobomorpha) in South Korea
Taeho Kim1, Jiyeon Kim1,2, Joong-Ki Park1,*
1Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
2Freshwater Biodiversity Research Division,
Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
ABSTRACT
Cephalobus aff. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968) Anderson and Hooper, 1970 and Eucephalobus hooperi Marinari-
Palmisano, 1967 from the family Cephalobidae Filipjev, 1934 (Cephalobomorpha) are newly reported from South
Korea. Cephalobus aff. quinilineatus is distinguished from other Cephalobus species by its high and rounded labial
probolae and five lateral incisures, with three incisures extending to the tail terminus. Eucephalobus hooperi is
distinguished from other Eucephalobus species by its three bifurcated labial probolae with pointed termini and by
morphometric characters such as body and tail length and the corpus:isthmus ratio. In this study, the morphological
characters and morphometrics of C. aff. quinilineatus and E. hooperi Korean population are described and illustrated
based on optical and/or scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords: Cephalobidae, Cephalobus, Eucephalobus, new record, South Korea
INTRODUCTION robeloides nanus (de Man, 1880) Anderson, 1968; A. varius
Kim, Kim and Park, 2017; Eucephalobus oxyuroides (de
Members of the family Cephalobidae Filipjev, 1934 are bac- Man, 1876) Steiner, 1936; and Pseudacrobeles (Pseudacro-
terial feeders and are widely distributed in almost all terres- beles) curvatus Kim, Kim and Park, 2017.
trial environments, including the dry soils of Antarctica and During a survey of several overgrown fields, natural forest
desert environments and tropical rainforests (Loof, 1971; and plots of farmland, C. aff. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968)
Timm, 1971; Waceke et al., 2005; Nadler et al., 2006; Amir- Anderson and Hooper, 1970 and E. hooperi Marinari-Palm-
zadi et al., 2013). They are morphologically and taxonomi- isano, 1967 were collected and isolated from soil samples.
cally one of most problematic free-living nematode families Here we provide detailed descriptions of the morphological
(Andrássy, 2005) due to morphological and morphometric characters and morphometrics of the Korean isolates of C.
variation (such as body size, cephalic and labial probolae aff. quinilineatus and E. hooperi.
shape, nerve ring and excretory position and tail form) (An-
derson, 1968; Anderson and Hooper, 1970, 1971; De Ley et
al., 1993). The variability and similarity of morphological MATERIALS AND METHODS
characters among Cephalobidae species obstruct species
identification and phylogenetic studies for this group (Rashid Nematode isolation
et al., 1988; Boström, 1993; Abolafia and Peña-Santiago, Soil samples were collected from the ground below pear
2002, 2005, 2009). Currently, 38 genera have been estab- trees (Gongdo-eup, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
lished in this family; however, only 29 can be accepted as [GPS coordinates: 37°01ʹ01.1ʺN, 127°10ʹ23.4ʺE]), over-
valid (Andrássy, 2005). In Korea, 5 species have been re- grown fields (Mechuri Island, Daenam-ro, Danwon-gu,
ported (Eun et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2017a, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea [GPS coordinates:
2017b, 2017c): Acrobeles ciliatus von Linstow, 1877; Ac- 37°12ʹ02.9ʺN, 126°32ʹ24.6ʺE]), and natural forest areas
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative *To whom correspondence should be addressed
Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ Tel: 82-2-3277-5948, Fax: 82-2-3277-2385
licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, E-mail: [email protected]
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
eISSN 2234-8190 Copyright The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology
Taeho Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Joong-Ki Park
(Geojejungang-ro, Dongbu-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeong- Material examined. 5♀♀ and 3♂♂, South Korea: Gyeo-
sangnam-do, South Korea [GPS coordinates: 34°47ʹ04.2ʺN, nggi-do, Anseong-si, Gongdo-eup, Deokbongseowon-ro,
128°37ʹ30.3ʺE]). Nematode specimens were extracted by 1 Jan 2017, extracted by sieving and the Baermann funnel
sieving and the Baermann funnel method (Baermann, 1917). method from soil below pear trees. Two specimens (slide
Nos. NIBRIV0000812916 [female] and NIBRIV0000812917
Fixation and morphological observations [male]) are deposited at the National Institute of Biological
For fixation, nematode specimens were transferred to 2 mL Resources, Republic of Korea and six specimens (slide Nos.
purified water in a 15 mL tube, to which was quickly added 01010202002-01010202005 [females] and 01010202007
4 mL of 80℃ TAF (2% triethanolamine and 7% formalde- and 01010202008 [males]) are deposited in the Animal Phy-
hyde). The fixed nematodes were dehydrated in accordance logenomics Laboratory, Ewha Womans University, Republic
with Seinhorst (1959) and mounted in pure glycerin on HS of Korea.
slides (Shirayama et al., 1993). Nematode morphological Measurements. See Table 1.
characters were observed under an optical microscope (BX- Description. Adult: Female body cylindrical, length 865.8-
51; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with differential in- 962.4 μm; ventrally curved after fixation, C-shaped. Male
terference contrast. Morphometric characters were measured body cylindrical, length 808.1-908.9 μm; posterior region
using a CoolSnap Photometrics color CCD digital camera more curved than female, J-shaped. Cuticle annulated; an-
(MP5.0-RTV-R-CLR-10; Photometrics, Tucson, AZ, USA) nuli 2.4-3.1 μm wide and 1.0-1.7 μm thick at mid-body.
and the program QCapture Pro 5 (QImaging, Surrey, Cana- Lateral field occupying 20.0-24.3% of width of body at
da). mid-body in female, 32.3-35.1% of body diameter in male.
Lateral incisures varying in number along body length: two
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) incisures at procorpus region, branching off from posterior
For SEM imaging of C. aff. quinilineatus, the fixed speci- corpus into five incisures, two incisures fading out at phas-
mens were transferred to an aqueous osmium tetroxide solu- mid region, three incisures extending to tail terminus. Head
tion (4%) and kept at 4℃ for 1 day for post-fixation. Fixed region continuous with neck. Lip region 9.8-11.9 μm in
nematode specimens were dehydrated through a series of diameter, with triradiate symmetry with 6 4 papillae. Six
increasing ethanol concentrations (10-100% absolute eth- lips grouped in pairs; deep U-shaped primary axils; shal-
+
anol, with 1 hour per stage). The samples were dried using low V-shaped secondary axils; lacking guarding processes,
a Hitachi HCP-2 critical point drier (Tokyo, Japan). Dried without tine. Cephalic probolae absent. Three plate-like,
nematodes were mounted on a stub using copper/nickel tape high and rounded labial probolae present. Transversal, oval-
and coated with gold/palladium using an Eiko IB-3 sput- shaped amphidial apertures present. Stoma cephaloboid,
ter-coater (Tokyo, Japan). Morphological characters of the 1.4-1.6 times the lip region diameter in length; cheilor-
nematode specimens were observed with a Zeiss Ultra Plus habdions oval shaped. Pharyngeal corpus cylindrical, 2.9-
SEM (Oberkochen, Germany) at 15 kV under high-vacuum 4.2 times isthmus length. Isthmus narrower than corpus,
conditions. distinctly demarcated from metacorpus. Basal bulb oval-
shaped with well developed valves; 1.1-1.3 times as long
as its width. Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS Nerve ring position varying from posterior corpus to ante-
rior isthmus, at 65.7-72.9% of pharynx length. Excretory
Order Rhabditida Chitwood, 1993 pore position similar to nerve ring, at 67.8-79.5% of phar-
Suborder Tylenchina Thorne, 1949 ynx length. Deirids positioned in lateral field at level of isth-
Infraorder Tylenchomorpha De Ley and Blaxter, 2002 mus or isthmus-basal bulb junction, at 75.7-87.1% of total
Family Cephalobidae Filipjev, 1934 neck length.
1*Genus Cephalobus Bastian, 1865 Female: Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic.
Vulva lips slightly protruding or not. Vagina short, length
2* Cephalobus aff. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968) 0.3-0.6 times the body diameter. Post-uterine sac 0.8-2.1
Anderson and Hooper, 1970 (Table 1, Figs. 1, 2) times the body width. Uterus length 2.9-4.0 times the body
Chiloplacus quinilineatus: Shavrov, 1968: 137, fig. 1. diameter. Spermatheca inconspicuous, 1.3-2.1 times the
Acrobeloides amurensis: Truskova, 1971: 434, fig. 1. body width. Oviduct short. Ovary with or without double
Cephalobus quinilineatus: Anderson and Hooper, 1970: 468. flexure posterior to vulva. Rectum length 1.2-1.5 times the
Korean name: 1*두옆선충속 (신칭), 2*오선두옆선충 (신칭)
182 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189
Two Species of Cephalobidae in South Korea
)
e
oj
e
G 625155732 778 9794652 175315644367361 3 1652
1( 452.=21.3.10.3.65.25.21.129.4512.5.10.41.2.73.24.15.12.1.383.86.97.64.67.75.296.107.2.116.5.21.45.34.10.900.12.1.0.4.---
n
, ♀
ri
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o
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Eucephalobus (Ansan)4 -48.9(366.3483.1= -±2.2(19.523.9) -±0.2(2.93.3) -±1.1(7.510.1) -±0.2(3.84.4) -±6.2(63.776.7) -±6.2(26.740.6) -±3.7(16.824.8) -22.1(117.0165.5 -11.7(39.964.4) -±2.2(10.114.7) -±0.9(5.06.8) -±1.2(9.612.3) -±0.6(3.75.1) -±0.2(1.62.0) -±0.1(2.32.6) -17.5(61.1101.0) -±1.8(24.428.2) -±2.7(14.920.9) -±1.8(11.415.3) -±0.0(1.31.4) -±0.5(2.43.6) -14.7(69.2103.3) -14.8(74.7106.8) -13.3(83.3113.7) -±3.9(59.167.9) -±0.5(63.264.5) -±1.9(68.772.8) -59.6(236.7370.6 -24.6(89.9145.2) -±0.2(2.32.7) -42.5(105.4196.4 -±1.9(5.710.1) -±2.3(21.426.9) -±9.6(37.857.6) -±7.9(16.133.6) -±2.3(5.611.0) -40.1(82.4165.3) -±0.0(0.30.4) -±0.3(1.01.6) -±0.1(2.12.3) -±0.5(0.92.0) -±0.1(0.30.5) -±0.9(4.66.7)---
n ±8211553±±586385±70739±±±593±±4±30180±432343
, ♀ 6.521.3.9.4.67.31.19.2.86.911.5.10.4.1.2.5.525.17.12.1.2.3.04.94.462.63.71.3.00.42.3.37.24.43.23.8.5.30.1.2.1.0.5.
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3 (808.(23.5-(4.3(16.2-(1.7 (38.3(31.9(185.(49.3(26.4(10.1(14.8-(5.8-(1.5-(2.4(103.(33.7(22.2(18.7-(1.2-(2.9(127.(131.(146.(68.2(68.0(75.7 (317. (47.0-(1.4(22.3
3= 9 3 8 1- 5 5 4 3 9 2 7 2 0 2 2 4 5 3 0 3 0 2 4 6 4 2--- 4------------ 4 1 8
, n♂ ±53.±60.±50.±70.±80. ±08.±63.±04.±71.±71.±40.±50.±00.±50.±60.±86.±71.±70.±80.±20.±10.±57.±27.±48.±12.±35.±96. ±80. ±93.±50.±83.
us 8.624.4.16.1. 48.34.89.50.27.10.15.6.1.2.07.34.22.18.1.3.34.40.56.71.74.82. 8.2 50.1.25.
eat 84 1 1 111 40
n
nili
ui
hooperi s aff. q
neatus and Eucephalobus Cephalobu , n5♀ -±(865.8968.4)02.944.4= -±(19.324.0)21.61.7 -±4.50.3(4.24.8) -±20.20.5(19.420.6) -±1.90.3(1.72.3) -±66.41.9(64.869.4) -±(45.350.7)47.02.2 -±(38.644.9)42.02.7 -±01.612.3(180.7212.3) -±44.72.8(42.347.8) -±23.31.7(20.524.9) -±11.00.8(9.811.9) -±15.90.4(15.516.3) -±6.60.6(5.77.0) -±1.50.1(1.41.6) -±2.40.2(2.22.8) -±119.17.6(109.7130.0) -±32.74.2(26.037.1) -±25.33.3(20.628.7) -±21.51.3(19.622.9) -±1.20.1(1.11.3) -±3.70.4(3.24.2) -±138.16.3(131.4148.1) -±148.06.2(141.3156.8) -±166.57.9(156.2177.1) -±68.63.1(65.772.7) -±73.64.3(67.879.5) -±82.73.2(79.086.4) -±99.322.6(572.7630.1) -±58.523.3(229.3283.4) -±5.80.3(5.46.2) -±24.639.5(399.5491.4) -±19.74.0(13.824.3) -±72.620.8(37.188.9) -±44.214.0(128.3156.1) -±65.616.5(52.793.2) -±17.07.0(9.226.7) -±51.333.0(315.9392.5) -±0.50.1(0.30.6) -±1.70.5(0.82.1) -±3.50.5(2.94.0) -±1.60.3(1.32.1) -±0.40.2(0.20.7) -±8.40.9(7.59.8)---
nili 9 2 52 4 1 3
ui
q
aff.
s
u
ob x)
al n
Ceph ynx)phary eter r
Table 1. Morphometrics of Characters LabcʹcVG or TBody diameterPharynx lengthTail lengthAnal body diameterLip region diameterStomaStoma diameterStoma/lip region diameterStoma/stoma diameterCorpusIsthmusBasal bulbBasal bulb diameterBasal bulb length/diameterCorpus:isthmus ratioNerve ring to ant. endExcretory pore to ant. endDeirid to ant. end Nerve ring position(% phar Excretory pore position(% Deirid position(% pharynx)Vulva from ant. endVulva to anusVulva to anus/tail lengthReproductive tract lengthVaginaPost-uterine sacUterusSpermathecaOviductOvaryVagina/body diameterPost-uterine sac/body diamUterus/body diameterSpermatheca/body diameteOviduct/body diameterOvary/body diameterSpiculesSpicules/body widthGubernaculum
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189 183
Taeho Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Joong-Ki Park
e) anal body diameter. Tail conoid, with rounded terminus.
oj
e Phasmids located behind middle of tail, at 61.2-74.3% of
G 63235126
1( -=-16.1.13.29.4.21.1.1.- tail length.
n Male: Genital system monorchic. Testis reflexed ventrad
ri , ♀ anteriorly. Spicules curved ventrad, 47.0-53.6 μm long;
e
p
o manubrium rounded or conoid; calamus wider than manu-
o
h
s brium; without hump or velum; with one longitudinal inci-
u ) )) )
Eucephalob (Ansan)4 -=- -±3.9(12.621.4 -±0.1(1.21.5) -±1.3(12.815.4 -±6.9(20.236.6 -±0.5(2.84.0) -±1.6(16.019.4 -±0.1(1.01.2) -±0.2(1.21.8) -±5.1(1.38.5) nspptauuraierpsle-; i c.rlo lelGaongeaeiu oc iblannael. tr fieTnsrvuaaaebcill ,uv p cloeauonnimnrtesro a:vic ldoe up,nnr avebtrp elasuidluln lbaavt nveetd eenpnr tmorrtearnaisdenel, u nsassutni..gb dPPmd ohooonasritssed-am c.ll la iToadtewat roctoaaapl lie p lan gattiei enrmnrsgmi i todaaif--lt
, n♀ 15.71.413.530.03.417.61.21.54.9 61.6-70.6% of tail length.
Distribution. India, Russia, South Korea.
Habitat. Soil sample from a pear farm.
Remarks. Morphological characters and measurements of
the specimens described in this study generally agree with
original descriptions of C. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968)
5)6)5)1) Anderson and Hooper, 1970, except for female body length
0.8)0.6) -36.-70.-12.-35.1.7)3.0) (865.8-968.4 vs. 642-712 μm) and labial probolae shape
3 -(0.7-(0.4 (31.6(61.6(11.2(32.3-(1.1-(2.4 (brooduyn dleedn gvths. abnifdu rlcaabtieadl )p (rSohbaovlraoev ,s h1a9p6e8 )d. iAffeltrh obuegtwh efeenm tahlee
0= 1-- 6 5 7 6 3 3-
, n♂ ±0.±0. ±2.±4.±0.±1.±0.±0. present specimens and the original description of C. quini-
75 498147 lineatus, this is not sufficient evidence for a different spe-
s 0.0. 3.5.1.4.1.2.
u 3613 cies diagnosis, due to the varying degrees of bifurcation and
at
ne rounded labial probolae of the synonymized A. amurensis
nili (Shavrov, 1968; Truskova, 1971). Additionally, the original
ui
hooperi s aff. q odemsictrtiepdti omna onfy Ck.e qyu cinhialirnaecateturss dniede dneodt ifnocrl uiddee ntthiefi cmaatileo na ntod
quinilineatus and Eucephalobus Cephalobu , n5♀ -=- -±30.81.8(29.033.8) -±1.30.1(1.21.5) -±29.93.6(26.435.4) -±66.86.6(61.274.3) -±9.41.0(7.710.4) -±22.31.7(20.024.3) -±1.30.3(1.01.6) -±2.90.3(2.63.1)- D (range). bcccsttaopoilleioe eGnlis s csstr eetioiiehe nsd gs smuberii resemolu ep ntEcsivho,l eu aeerlprcetrl toe,siena tdpspiysgtn euh -tfc houcoaai fhtrlmb(e o Stotrabhehihusnnueeat e s s dvfits hertsSprooaseste cvcet cb ir,,itdi eniims1pme epC9tnreiee,6to.n r i 18nfmtsayr9) sfo.waf 3 o.motT6 ihfqfth e huSttech hiorCaneeeu i. afslt loihnpqanr detuKeeec ia,rrn ioaatmiiruttllei iseoifina.sn .ee oTsial.fmhd t Dcui psaosu ot,rs e psptw shuteioees--
obus aff. %) ±m meanS 1* E(Tuacbelpe h1a, lFoibgu. 3s )hooperi Marinari-Palmisano, 1967
Table 1. ContinuedTable 1. Morphometrics of Cephal Characters Gubernaculum/body widthGubernaculum/spiculesRectumRectum/anal body diameterAnus to phasmid Phasmid position(% tail)Lateral field width Lateral field width/body diameter(Cuticle thicknessAnnuli widthMucro Measurements are in μm and in the for A2GBfKMBo0oaRnerra1eeoseIt6rasaVjemnet;n r0j-nsa1uis0oa♀nanim0i,nlgl 0e ,, Da :e8f Grnu1xa1e*gnnyas2후-npwem9r퍼eeoo2olicn,2유 nn tmg i5-e럽vasg edaneJu두tln.udh,y 옆gl o4.D N n♀d2선TaaI 0h♀feB충m1renoR7 -, a( mdt,신Im wSoVe 칭o-:oox0 ru vt)Go0srte,a0phe rc0eMo gtcK8jreeieo1dmo-cw2 srheb9ienu,ny2a rsD fi3:i s ()eoiGIs lesanldvlyirga dieeannbe ond gudndN, -e gampo2nngos2aydi.s te - uSiNdottreheonaIpde-:l,
184 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189
Two Species of Cephalobidae in South Korea
A B C D F
E
A
B
C
D
E
F
Fig. 1. Cephalobus aff. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968) Anderson and Hooper, 1970. A, Entire female; B, Female neck region; C, Fe-
male reproductive system; D, Female posterior region; E, Male posterior region; F, Entire male. an, anus; bb, basal bulb; ca, cardia;
co, corpus; de, deirid; ep, excretory pore; gp, genital papilla; gu, gubernaculum; in, intestine; is, isthmus; lf, lateral field; nr, nerve
ring; ova, ovary; ovi, oviduct; ph, phasmid; pus, post-uterine sac; re, rectum; spe, spermatheca; spi, spicule; st, stoma; te, testis;
ut, uterus; va, vagina; vu, vulva. Scale bars: A 100 μm, B, D, E 20 μm, C, F 50 μm.
= = =
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189 185
Taeho Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Joong-Ki Park
A B
C D
E F
Fig. 2. Cephalobus aff. quinilineatus (Shavrov, 1968) Anderson and Hooper, 1970. A, Lip region, en face view; B, Lip region, lateral
view; C, Lip region, ventral view; D, Lateral field; E, Tail, lateral view; F, Tail, ventral view. Scale bars: A 1 μm, B-D 2 μm, E, F 5
μm.
= = =
at the National Institute of Biological Resources, Republic out at phasmid region. Head region continuous with neck.
of Korea, and three specimens (slide Nos. 01010103001, Six lips conoid, bearing 6 4 papillae. Transversal, oval-
01010103002 and 01010103007) are deposited in the Ani- shaped amphidial apertures present. Three bifurcate labial
+
mal Phylogenomics Laboratory, Ewha Womans University, probolae connected basally by tangential ridges, with se-
Republic of Korea ta-like or pointed termini. Stoma cephaloboid, length 1.6-
Measurements. See Table 1. 2.0 times the lip region diameter. Cheilorhabdions oval-
Description. Female: Body cylindrical, length 366.3- or bar-shaped. Small dorsal denticle sometimes present on
483.1 μm, usually ventrally curved after fixation. Cuticle metastom. Pharyngeal corpus cylindrical, 2.4-3.6 times
annulated; annuli 1.2-1.8 μm wide and 1.0-1.2 μm thick isthmus length. Isthmus narrower than corpus, distinctly
at mid-body. Lateral field occupying 16.0-21.1% of width demarcated from metacorpus. Basal bulb oval-shaped with
of body at mid-body. Three incisures in lateral field, fading well developed valves; 1.2-1.4 times as long as its width.
186 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189
Two Species of Cephalobidae in South Korea
A C D E
B
A
B
C
D
E
Fig. 3. Eucephalobus hooperi Marinari-Palmisano, 1967. A, Entire female; B, Head region; C, Female neck region; D, Female re-
productive system; E, Female posterior region. am, amphid; an, anus; bb, basal bulb; ca, cardia; co, corpus; cpa, cephalic papilla;
de, deirid; ep, excretory pore; in, intestine; is, isthmus; lf, lateral field; lpa, labial papilla; mu, mucro; nr, nerve ring; ova, ovary;
ovi, oviduct; ph, phasmid; pus, post-uterine sac; re, rectum; spe, spermatheca; st, stoma; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vu, vulva. Scale
bars: A 50 μm, B 5 μm, C-E 10 μm.
= = =
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189 187
Taeho Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Joong-Ki Park
Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Nerve ring gatus (de Man, 1880) comb. n. Nematology, 7:917-926.
located at posterior corpus or corpus-isthmus junction, at https://doi.org/10.1163/156854105776186415
59.1-67.9% of pharynx length. Excretory pore position at Abolafia J, Peña-Santiago R, 2009. Nematodes of the order
posterior corpus or corpus-isthmus junction, at 63.2-67.1% Rhabditida from Andalucía Oriental, Spain. The genus
Cephalobus Bastian, 1865 with description of C. harpa-
of pharynx length. Position of deirids in lateral field at isth-
mus or corpus-isthmus junction, at 68.7-75.5% of total neck gonis sp. n. and key to species. Nematology, 11:485-508.
https://doi.org/10.1163/138855409X12465362560359
length. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic. Vul-
Amirzadi N, Shokoohi E, Abolafia J, 2013. Description of nine
va lips not protruding. Vagina length 0.3-0.4 times the body
species of the family Cephalobidae (Nematoda, Rhabditida)
diameter. Post-uterine sac 1.0-1.6 times the body width.
and morphometric analysis in the genus Acrobeles von Lin-
Uterus 2.1-2.3 body diameters long. Spermatheca 0.9-2.0
stow, 1877. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 65:3-26.
times the body width. Oviduct short. Ovary straight, with a Anderson RV, 1968. Variation in taxonomic characters of a
single row of oocytes. Rectum length 1.2-1.5 times the anal species of Acrobeloides (Cobb, 1924) Steiner and Buhrer,
body diameter. Tail elongated-conoid, with pointed termi- 1933. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 46:309-320. https://
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cated anterior to middle of tail, at 20.2-36.6% of tail length. Anderson RV, Hooper DJ, 1970. A neotype for Cephalobus
Male: Unknown. persegnis Bastian, 1865, redescription of the species,
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Distribution. India, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, South Korea,
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48:457-469. https://doi.
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org/10.1139/z70-078
Habitat. Soil sample from overgrown field and forest soil.
Anderson RV, Hooper DJ, 1971. A neotype for Eucephalobus
Remarks. Morphological characters of the specimen de-
striatus (Bastian, 1865) Thorne, 1937 (Nematoda) and rede-
scribed in this study generally agree with other previous
scription of the species from topotypes and their progeny.
studies (Marinari-Palmisano, 1967; Boström, 1990, 1993;
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49:451-459. https://dx.doi.
Abolafia and Peña-Santiago, 2002). However, the Korean org/10.1139/z71-070
population differs from the Italian populations in the ratio Andrássy I, 2005. Free-living nematodes of Hungary: Nemato-
of corpus to isthmus length (2.4-3.6 vs 5-6) (Marinari-Pal- da errantia. Volume I. Hungarian Natural History Museum,
misano, 1967). Compared to the Malaysian population, it Budapest, pp. 1-518.
differs in esophagus length relative to total body length Baermann G, 1917. Eine einfache methode zur auffindung von
(b 2.9-3.5 vs. 3.6-3.8) and length of post-uterine sac rel- ankylostomum (Nematoden) larven in erdproben. Genee-
ative to body width (1.0-1.6 vs. 0.7-0.8) (Boström, 1993). skundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 57:131-137.
= Boström S, 1990. Some species of Cephalobidae (Nematoda:
Eucephalobus hooperi is reported for the first time from
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
gy, 3:128-134.
De Ley P, Siddiqi MR, Boström S, 1993. A revision of the ge-
This work was supported by the National Institute of Bio- nus Pseudacrobeles Steiner, 1938 (Nematoda: Cephalobi-
logical Resources (NIBR) funded by the Ministry of Envi- dae). Part 1. Subgenus Pseudacrobeles grad. n. Fundamen-
ronment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201701201) tal and Applied Nematology, 16:219-238.
and the Marine Biotechnology Program of the Korea Insti- Eun G, Ha J, Kang H, Kim Y, Choi I, Kim D, 2016. First re-
tute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion (KIMST) cord Acrobeles ciliatus (Rhabditida) and Plectus parietinus
funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) (No. (Plectida) from South Korea. Journal of Species Research,
20170431). 5:318-323. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2016.5.3.318
Kim J, Kim T, Park J-K, 2017a. Description of Pseudacrobeles
(Pseudacrobeles) curvatus sp. n. (Cephalobidae: Rhabdit-
ida) in South Korea. Journal of Nematology, 49:162-167.
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Received July 23, 2018
988X00224
Revised October 15, 2018
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Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 34(4), 181-189 189
