First records of the false catshark, Pseudotriakis microdon Capello, 1868, from the waters of eastern Australia and Indonesia

2005·1.8 MB·English

by  P M Kyne

FIRST RECORDS OF THE FALSE CATSHARK, PSEUDOTR1AKISMICRODON
CAPELLO, 1868, FROM THE WATERS OF EASTERN AUSTRALIAAND INDONESIA
PETERM. KYNE,JEFFREYW. JOHNSON,WILLIAM T. WHITEAND MICHAELB. BENNETT
Kyne, P.M., Johnson, J.W., White, W.T. & Bennett, M.B. 2005 12 31: First records ofthe
falsecatshark,PseudotriakismicrodonCapello, 1868, fromthewatersofeastern Australia
and Indonesia. Memoirs ofthe Queensland Museum 51(2): 525-530. Brisbane. ISSN
0079-8835.
A new specimen of a rare deepwater chondrichthyan, the false catshark Pseudotriakis
microdonCapello, 1868isdocumentedfromtheCoralSea.Thisrepresentsthefirstrecordof
thespeciesfromofftheeastcoastofAustraliaandonlythesecondfromAustralianwaters.
The specimen, a 277cm total length (TL) mature male, was captured by exploratory
deepwater dropline at a depth of350m on 03/02/2004. Morphometries are presented and
compared to other published accounts. A further individual, a 287cm TL mature female
captured by bottom longline operating at depths of 100-150m around Sawu, Dana and
Raijua Islands, southeastern Indonesia, isdocumented from fish landing sites in Lombok,
Indonesia.Thisindividualwasnotretainedandonlyitssex,maturityandTLwererecorded.
ItrepresentsthefirstrecordofP.microdonforIndonesiaandforthenortheastIndianOcean.
These specimens increase the known range ofthis rare, sporadically recorded, butwidely
distributedchondrichthyan. Carcharhiniformes, Pseudotriakidae, Queenslandwaters,
Indonesia.
P.M. KyneandM.B. Bennett. SchoolofBiomedicalSciences, DepartmentofAnatomyand
DevelopmentalBiology, UniversityofQueensland, St. Lucia, Queensland4072,Australia;
J.W. Johnson, Ichthyology', Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300 South Brisbane,
QUnuieveenrssiltayn,dM4ur10do1c,Ahu,stWraAli6a1;50W,.TA.usWthriatlei.aC[ee-nmtarielf:[email protected]]e;s1e0arAcuhg,usMtur20d0o4c.h
The false catshark Pseudotriakis microdon off Japan from Honshu to Okinawa Islands
Capello, 1868 (Carcharhiniformes: Pseudo- (Jordan & Snyder, 1904; Taniuchi et al., 1984;
triakidae) is a possibly cosmopolitan deepwater Yano, 1992) and Taiwan (see Chen, 1963); and,
elasmobranch, however, it is sporadically southwest Pacific, Three Kings Ridge,
recorded and its complete distribution remains Challenger Plateau and Hikurangi Trough (east
unclear. The false catshark is benthic, primarily of Mahia Peninsula) New Zealand (Stewart &
onthecontinental andinsularslopesatdepthsof Clark, 1988; Yano, 1992; Stewart, 2000). The
200-1,900m, but can occasionally occur on the species has not been recorded from either the
&
continental shelf (Bigelow Schroeder, 1948; southern Atlantic orthe eastern Pacific, and itis
Compagno, 1984; Baranes, 2003). Mostrecords mostlikelythat itismorewidelydistributedthan
are from the Northern Hemisphere, and the presently documented.
species appears to be rarer, or more rarely PseudotriakisCapello, 1868 isamonospecific
encountered, in the Southern Hemisphere. Ithas genus, characterised by its large adult size,
previously been recorded from the northwest soft-body, cat-like eyes and nictitating eyelids,
Atlantic, offCanada(Gilhen & Coad, 1999) and large spiracles, wide angular mouth extending
New YorktoNewJersey(Bigelow& Schroeder, posterior to the eye, two large spineless dorsal
1948); northeast and eastern central Atlantic fins,thefirstlow,extendedandkeel-like,ananal
from the Atlantic slope off Iceland, France, fin, numerous extremely small cuspidate teeth
Portugal, Madeira, Azores to Senegal and the (*200 rows in eachjaw), no precaudal pits, and
Cape Verde Islands (see Compagno, 1984; an asymmetrical caudal fin (Compagno, 1984;
1988); western Indian, Aldabra Island, 1988). Jordan & Snyder (1904) recognised
Cosmoledo Island and Geyser Reef(Forster et Pseudotriakis acrales (from the Atlantic) as
al., 1970) and the Amirantes Islands, Seychelles distinct from P. microdon (from the Pacific)
(Baranes, 2003); eastern Indian, off Cape however numerous authors (see Compagno,
Leeuwin, Western Australia (Allen & Cowan, 1988 for an account) could not find any
1995);centralPacific,HawaiianIslands(Crowet characterstoreliablyseparatethetwospeciesand
al., 1996); northwest Pacific, various localities
526 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
tentativelyplacedP. aeratesinsynonymywithP QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane; WAM,
microdon. Yano&Musick(1992)confirmedthis Western Australian Museum, Perth.
synonymy with morphometric analysis, The Indonesian individual was observed
concluding that characters used to separate the during surveys ofthe chondrichthyan catches at
species change allometrically as suggested by the fish landing site of Tanjung Luar on the
Compagno (1988). The Pseudotriakidae also eastern side of the island of Lombok in
includes Gollum Compagno, 1973; the two southeastern Indonesia. Sex, maturity and TL
genera being readily distinguished by the height were recorded, but no morphometric
ofthefirstdorsalfin. InGollumthefirstdorsalfin measurementsweretaken and the specimenwas
is aboutthesamesizeas, andisroughly equal in notretainedduetotheremotelocationofthefind.
height to, the second dorsal fin (Compagno, RESULTS
1973), whilst in Pseudotriakis the low, keel-like
first dorsal fin is much lower than the second A 277cm TL mature male P. microdon (QM
dorsal fin. Gollum attenuatus (Garrick, 1954), 1.34963) (Fig. 1) was captured by deepwater
thesolememberofthegenus,isendemictoNew multi-hook demersal dropline offthe southwest
Zealand (Compagno, 1988). side of Calder Reef, Coral Sea (~20°5r S,
HerewepresentthefirstrecordofP. microdon 153°13' E) at 350m depth on 03/02/2004. The
from the east coast ofAustralia and the second individual was taken by an exploratory
known specimen from Australian waters, commercial fishing vessel targeting a broad
togetherwiththefirstrecordfromIndonesiaand range of deepwater reeffishes including flame
the northeast Indian Ocean. and ruby snapper (Etelis spp.) and bar cod
METHODS m(Eorppihnoempehtreileussfosrptph.e).AusTtraablliean s1pepcrimeesne,ntass
traTnhseporAtuesdtrtoaltihaenQusepeencsilmaennd Mwuassefurmozwehneraendit wmeealsluraesmetnhtes griavnegneinoYfanvoal&ueMsusfiocrk (t1h9e92)5.6
was examined prior to being fixed in formalin. A287cm TL mature female P microdon (Fig.
Eighty-fivemorphometrieswererecordedforthe 2) was observed and photographed at the fish
new specimen, including the 56 measurements landing site ofTanjung Luar on the eastern side
presented in Yano & Musick (1992). ofthe island ofLombok, southeastern Indonesia
Abbreviations and methods for measurements on 08/09/2004 by ajoint Australian-Indonesian
follow Compagno (2001), except those for the team conducting fish market surveys. The
first dorsal fin length (D1L) and first dorsal fin individual was captured by demersal longline
base length (DIB) which follow that ofYano & fishers targeting sharks (e.g. large carcharhinids
Musick (1992). Morphometries were compared andHexanchusgriseus (Bonnaterre, 1788)). No
with those given in Yano & Musick (1992). The precise locality data was obtained, however the
followingabbreviationsareused forinstitutions: fishers are known to operate only around the
TofA*ofdBltelLonotoEawtleC1lsoe(mpnfgraptocahip,ngogrnw)t.ioitoP(hns2aec0luo0dm1moep)t.aarsNriuiuarskmeoibsmneemrtnoistcvsiranoflpoduareorQsnengMQtihvM1ee.sn31e43si9n4a69Yr36ea3wtn,hhoi2ocs7&eh7ufM0asulmelsdmoiufcTtokLrs.im(de1ePa9rt9soh2pue)orrrewatmhnieogennertaeilsnadbYpiypamrnYeooapnrsn&iioaotM&neus.sMaiAuscbsbkpirec(erk1vc9ie(9an12tt9)ia9.og2ne)s.s
NEW RECORDS OF PSEDOTRIAK1SMICRODON 527
TL (mm) 2770
Measurement Pdroipmoerntsiioonnal Ya(n19o92&)Mruasngieck Measurement Pdroipmoerntsiioonnal Yano&Musick
(%TL) (%TL) (%TL) (1992)range(%TL)
PRN(l) 4.15 2.61-4.79 DIB(32) 26.71 15.45-36.34
POB(2) 5.31 3.73-7.31 DIP(33) 11.37 4.89-14.64
PSP(3) 8.56 7.39-12.16 D1H(34) 5.23* 2.25-3.91
POR(4) 4.58 2.72-6.53 D1A 14.44
PG1 (5) 14.80 12.02-19.02 Dll 1.44 _
PG2 16.34 - D2L(35) 15.16 11.88-16.49
PG3(6) 17.36 14.86-21.68 D2B(36) 12.20 9.96-15.05
PG4 18.33 - D2P(37) 8.12 4.31-8.81
PG5(7) 19.15 16.13-23.52 D2H(38) 7.29 4.48-7.65
PP1 (8) 18.95 16.00-23.11 D2A 13.54 _
PP2(9) 56.25 50.69-56.44 D2I 2.96 _
SVL(10) 59.21 54.66-60.93 ANL(39) 11.37* 8.59-11.04
PD1 (11) 29.60 28.38-38.18 ANB(40) 10.29* 7.02-9.82
PD2(12) 64.26 60.53-67.43 ANP(41) 4.77 3.45-6.95
PAL(13) 68.59 63.39-74.18 ANH(42) 4.84 2.59-5.38
PCLdorsal(14) 80.79 77.33-83.32 ANA 9.68 _
PCLventral(15) 80.25 74.44-81.61 ANI 1.08 _
IDS(16) 9.46 6.34-13.79 P1L 11.19 _
DCS(17) 3.25 2.46-5.62 P1B(43) 5.16 4.11-11.38
PPSG8) 33.21 26.35-35.13 P1H 9.78
PAS(19) 6.75 4.28-10.50 PIA(44) 11.73* 4.96-11.11
ACS(20) 2.89 1.35-4.66 PII(45) 4.26 3.33-5.45
VCL 19.31 - PIP(46) 11.88* 4.73-8.43
PCA 7.04 - P2L(47) 9.93 7.99-10.91
PPO(21) 37.94 29.65-40.14 P2B(48) 8.09* 5.25-8.00
INW(22) 4.22 3.76-5.32 P2H 5.56 .
NOW 1.48 - P2A(49) 8.16 4.99-9.33
ANF 0.47 . P2I 2.31 .
MOW(23) 10.29 7.49-13.09 P2P 5.31 .
ULA 0.47 CLI(50) 9.10 3.74-9.20
LLA 0.79 . CLO 5.31 .
ING 4.30 . CLB 1.48 .
GS1 (24) 2.31 1.69-2.69 CPH 4.55 _
GS2 2.56 . CPW 2.35 .
GS3(25) 3.03* 2.03-2.88 CDM(51) 19.31 17.45-21.80
GS4 2.92 . CPV(52) 8.48 7.33-9.82
GS5(26) 2.17 1.35-2.59 CPU 13.72 .
ESL 1.55 . CTR(53) 4.95 3.33-5.32
SPL(27) 1.34 0.78-2.30 CST(54) 3.39* 1.82-3.26
EYL(28) 2.67 2.26-4.09 CTL 5.20
EYH(29) 1.52 0.64-1.83 TRW(55) 13.36 9.14-16.86
INO(30) 4.62* 5.49-10.02 TRH(56) 11.91 5.77-14.18
D1L(31) 28.16 17.31-37.66
H
528 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG 2. PseudotriakismicrodonTanjungLuarfishlandingsite, Lombok. (Photo: Fahmi).
islands of Dana, Raijua and Sawu in the Sawu by Yano & Musick (1992), or from general
Sea, midway between Sumba and West Timor variability. Indeed, Gilhen& Coad(1999)report
(an-dlTO1O50’mS., 1D2e1m°e3r0s-a4l0'lEo)ngilnidneepsth(sonbeetpweerenbo1a0t0, oauDts1iHdeofth4e.5r%aTngLefogriaveCnanbaydiaYnansopec&imeMnu,sailcsko
~1,000m inlength, with-100 largehookson 3m (1992). From the datapresented in Table 1 it is
traces) are employed. The shark was processed clearthatthereisconsiderablevariabilityinsome
bythe fishers on site, for its meat, fins, skin and morphometric characters in this species
possiblytheliver.Onlytotallengthandsexofthe (Taniuchi et al., 1984; Yano & Musick, 1992).
individual were recorded, and although no This is to be expected in deepwater chondr-
detailed examination of the dissection was ichthyans with flabby, easily deformed bodies.
carried out, the individual possessed mature Baranes (2003) reported that a Seychelles
female reproductive organs but was not gravid. specimenpossessedacrestincontinuationofthe
The catch from this fishing boat also included anteriormarginofthe firstdorsal finandthathis
two medium-sized H. griseus and at least one morphometries varied from those in the
large Carcharhinusobscurus (Lesueur, 1818). literature. However, most of his proportional
DISCUSSION rmaenagseurpermeesnenttsedfailln Ywaitnhoin&orMujsuisctkou(t1s9i9d2e) t(hteo
The new Australian and Indonesian records which Baranes (2003) did not compare his
were easily identified as P. microdon from the specimen). The exception is pre-first dorsal fin
descriptions and characters given in Compagno (PD1) which is considerably lower due to the
(1984, 1988). Consistent with the separation of presence of the pre-dorsal crest, the origin of
Pseudotriakis from Gollunt# the first dorsal fin which Baranes(2003)tooktobetheoriginofthe
htoDosehfen1ioctgHstohhehnote0dst.ehA(7audpDtsoir1ntrdesrHoDsaa)2ellnnHiowt)afteain.ndsasTrihpehnceeoegiYcnegamisnhanmietjdeoroean(r&rlDialfta2byMlylHlucy)olswfoiils(mtcoeheQkwiateMno(sr1utt91trhh9.ehee23amrr)4neaa9nann6ttngg3hsde;ee df(liiineDrfasIftdtihBcte)udoloSrtiresesytpwaocolihratetshlfesiildenne.svstsahTrsieihpnaeretPecispoifenomiu.rredstnAtoe,ltdtdrfrohiiararosnskutagigledsh-.ofarPisnnDadl1otrfhiiisingsliobmnwaaesiyers
parnedsePnItPed((pseecetoTraabllefi1n).poTshteereixocrepmtairognisn)a.reThDe1se 29T6hcemmaanxdim2u9m5combsTerLvefdorsifzeemoafleP.smaincdromdaolnesi,s
differences are likelydueto slightdifferences in respectively (Yano, 1992). Variation in size at
measuring techniques between the methods maturity is apparent from the literature.
followedhere(Compagno,2001) andthoseused Compagno (1984) specified mature males as
NEW RECORDS OF PSEDOTRIAKISMICRODON 529
small as 200cm TL. Yano (1992), based on a Indonesia did begin to operate in deeperwaters,
250cmTLimmaturemaleandninematuremales larger numbers of P. microdon may be
greater than 261cm TL, concluded maturity in encountered along with other slope species. At
m&alCesoaisdre(a1c9h9e9d)ata-n2d60TcamniTuLc;hiwheetreaals.,(G1i9l8h4e)n ltohcealTannajmuengusLeudarforlaPndmiincgrsoidtoeninwaLsom“hbiouk,tahtuh”e
reported smalleradult males, of223 and 228cm (BahasaIndonesia). It is notknown whetherthis
TL, respectively. The Australian specimen had nameappliessolelytoP microdon(whichwould
completelycalcified claspers, and at277cm TL, indicate that individuals may be caught on an
is in the documented range of mature males. irregularbasisby fishersatthis site, and perhaps
Forster et al. (1970) erroneously reported elsewhere in Indonesia) or if it is used for a
Saemundsson's (1922) gravid female at 212cm numberofdeeperwaterspecies.
TL, while it was Saemundsson's male specimen ThefirstAustralianrecord,a200cmTLfemale
that was this size and the gravid female was in (WAM R30826-001) was captured by a trawler
factreported in Saemundsson (1922) as“9 foot” targeting orange roughy Hoplostethus
2i(i1sn92877t7a0h4cle)cmsmlaoiTntTdLevLra)tawrh.taeuisRraIeebnmllsdaiteotaa,nrubterleeswa.itirate2Dnph5oof6creCtcumsmmoaoelmTfnepLtfraeee(gmdpFaonosrlroiteszetemde(araht1teeu9btrr8ieiar4ltta.)yht, aS11to01lu4/at°0n4h8t5e/ir1'cnE9u)9s,4)HWee(omsAfitlfselpreChnnaepAr&ueestCrrLaeoelcweioaaurnwda,st(in8a13r9(0e9~m53p)d5r.ee°ps0Ote0thnhtoelSnry,
confined to those from Aldabra and Cosmoledo
suggesting 70-85cm TL, Saemundsson (1922)
reporting near term embryos of85cm TL from Islands (to the northofMadagascar) and Geyser
Reef(between Madagascarand the Comoros) in
rIecpeolratnidnigcawa9t6ecrms,fraened-sTwainmimuicnhig ientdiavli.du(a1l98(4n)o athnedwfersotmeranroIunnddiaNneOwceZeaanla(nFdo,rswtherereet nalu.,me1r9o7u0s)
details were provided). However, these are
considerably lower than other reports of specimens have been reported. The species has
near-term embryos, i.e. 112 and 113cm TL (Sea baereonundrectohredeNdorftrhomIstlharnede oifsolNaetewd Zloecaaltainodn:s
NYo1af9en8Kw4ou),m,Za1e19na19ol62n-a)an1dad2n;a0d,cSm1Ht3oeT8nwLascrhm(tu,OT,kLJi2a0n(p0Caa0hwn)aa;.llTIesaYnlnaaginneudorcsh,Pi(lJa1eat9tpe9aaa2lnu.);,, H&ChiakClullrareaknn,ggei1r9T8Pr8lo;autSgethaeuwoatfroft,tthh2ee00ewa0es)st;tear(nnSdtc,eowTaashrtrte,(eS2tK0ei0wn0ag)rs;t
reported that a 156cm TL female possessed an Ridge to the north (Yano, 1992). Given these
wuimdbiel.icSatlewsrcaratr&whCilcahrkwa(s192882)mdmidlonnogtacnodmm6emnmt amrerucocourhnddsw,Niidetewirs Zhdeiisagtlhralinybdul.tiikToenhlyetthshaaantmeptrhecesasenpnetbcleiyeiskmnphloaiswenda
onthepresenceorabsenceofanumbilicalscarin
a 155.5cmTLmale. Given itsrarity,very littleis afcotriovtihteiersrecgoinontsi,nuaendtaosgelxopbaanlddeaepnwdataesrffuirshtihnegr
known of the biology of P. microdon. Yano deepwaterareasandenvironmentsaresurveyed,
(1992) reviewed reproductive biology, theknowndistributionofP microdon will likely
confirmingForsteretal.’s(1970)suggestionthat be widened. Such catches and records will
the species was oophagous. Saemundsson
requireclosemonitoring,notonlytobetterdefine
(1922), Taniuchi et al. (1984), Yano (1992) and thespecies1distribution,buttoensurethatsucha
Stewart(2000)reportlittersizesoftwo,whilethe rare, large, and reproductively limited
gestation period is unknown (but is presumedto chondrichthyan, does not suffer population
be extended).
collapseorlocalisedextirpation(Cavanaghetal.,
OnlyasingleP microdonhasbeenrecorded in 2003).
southeastern Indonesia during a comprehensive
survey ofa number of fish landing sites in this
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
regionbetweenApril 2001 andOctober2004, in
which time a total of -36,000 individual With regard to the Australian specimen we
chondrichthyans, representing -138 species, thank the collector, Peter Duncan and his
were recorded. However, it should be noted that associates for securing the specimen and
deepwaterfisheries in Indonesiaare very limited organising transport, Tracey Turner and Steve
>an3d00onmlyanlidttlneodneemeirnsadlepftihsshi>n6g0o0cmc.ursAlisno,deopntlhys Tsapeycliomrenf,orJefafsWsrisitgihntgfoirnpheoxtaomgirnaaphtyi,onandofPettheer
small-scale longlining occurs in these deeper Skov for assistance with the Danish literature.
waters, i.e. there is no trawling. If fisheries in
530 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
With regard to the Indonesian shark we thank todate.Volume2.Bullhead,mackerelandcarpet
Jenny Giles from CSIRO and our Indonesian sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and
colleagues Fahmi and Dharmadi for the Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for
photograph and their assistance with the market Fisheries Purposes No. 1, Vol. 2. (Food and
AgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations:
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Rome).269p.
InternationalAgriculturalResearch(ACIAR)for CROW, GL., LOWE, C.G & WETHERBEE, B.M.
funding oftheproject in Indonesia. 1996. Shark records from longline fishing
programs in Hawaii with comments on Pacific
Ocean distributions. Pacific Science 50(4):
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