Table Of ContentThe Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 66 (3): 197–200 (2015)
Short CommuniCation
First Record of Cremastra Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in Myanmar
Santi Watthana1, Kazumi FujiKaWa2,* and Kittiphong KertSaWang1
1Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization
P.O. Box 7 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand; 2The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden
4200-6 Godaisan, Kochi 781-8125, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence)
Cremastra Lindl. was recently discovered in western Myanmar, a new generic record for the country.
The Myanmar specimens are referred to a variety of the widespread species, C. appendiculata (D. Don)
Makino var. appendiculata.
Key words: Cremastra, flora of Myanmar, Orchidaceae
Cremastra Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is terrestrial appendiculata (D. Don) Makino var. appendicu-
herb with an underground pseudobulb and a rac- lata, which is characterized by having a wingless
emose inflorescence arising directly from apex of column and a large verrucose process on the mid-
the pseudobulb. The genus is distributed from the lobe of the labellum (Fig. 1, 2). Here we provide a
Russian Far East to Indochina and eastern Asia. description of the variety based on material from
According to recent taxonomic treatments and re- Myanmar. Specimens are deposited at MBK (Ko-
ports (Lund 1987, Chen et al. 2009, Govaerts et chi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden) and at
al. 2015, Hu et al. 2013) four or five species are the office of Natma Taung National Park, Nature
recognized. While undertaking fieldwork in Nat- and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest De-
ma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, partment, Kanpetlet, Chin State, Myanmar.
we found three individuals of a flowering terres-
trial orchid growing on a slope by a roadside in an
evergreen forest between 2,340 – 2,710 m above Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino in
sea level. We recognized it as member of the ge- Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 18: 24. 1904; Lund, Nord. J.
nus Cremastra. Subsequent studies revealed that Bot. 8(2): 199. 1987; N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb, Fl.
Cremastra had not been reported to occur in Bhutan 3(3): 237. 2002; S. C. Chen et al. in Z. Y.
Myanmar (Kress et al. 2003, Govaerts et al. 2015, Wu et al. (eds), Fl. China 25: 249. 2009.—
H. Kurzweil pers. comm., H. Æ. Pedersen pers. Cymbidium appendiculatum D. Don, Prodr. Fl.
comm., P. Ormerod pers. comm.). Nepal.: 36. 1825.—Cremastra wallichiana Lindl.,
Our collections from Myanmar have ovoid Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 173. 1833, nom. superfl. Ty-
pseudobulbs, pale pinkish brown flowers and an pus. Nepal, Wallich s.n., Wall. Cat. 7349 p.p.
elongate callus on the lip (Fig. 1, 2). Using recent (Lectotype, designated by Lund, Nord. J. Bot.
orchid treatments (particularly Lund 1987, Pearce 8(2): 199. 1987: W; isolectotypes: BM, K-LINDL!,
& Cribb 2002, Chen et al. 2009), we were able to K-W). Cremastra triloba Hayata, Icon. Pl. For-
positively identify our collections as Cremastra mosan. 2: 135. 1912.—C. appendiculata (D.Don)
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198 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 66
Fig. 1. Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino var. appendiculata. A. flower. B. column. C. lip. All drawn by S. Watthana
from a spirit collection (K. Fujikawa et al. 089099, MBK).
Makino var. triloba (Hayata) Ying, Chinese acute; disk with fleshy callus at base of mid-lobe;
Flowers. 4. t. 3. 1976. Typus. Taiwan, Mt. Nashi- callus ca. 3 mm in diameter, verruculose. Column
tanzan, Mt. Rontabunzan, Jiogesha, U. Mori s.n., 25–27 mm long, slender, without narrow ventral
Apr. 1910 (TAIF image!, TI!). wings below anther, apex slightly dilated. Anther
ca. 2.2 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, pollinia 4, ellip-
soid, ca. 1.8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; stipe ob-
var. appendiculata
long, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 1.1 mm wide; viscidi-
Herbs 30-40 cm tall. Pseudobulb ovoid, 1.5–3 um triangular, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide.
cm long, 2–3 cm wide, 2- to 3-noded. Leaf 1; pet- Capsules not seen. Flowers: May. (Figure 1, 2)
iole 7–10 cm long; blade narrowly elliptic to nar- Distribution. Bhutan, China, India, Nepal,
rowly oblanceolate-elliptic, 25–30 cm long, 4–6 Sikkim, Taiwan.
cm wide, mainly 3-veined, base subcuneate, apex Ecology. Moist places in evergreen forest.
acuminate. Inflorescence 25–30 cm long; rachis
10–15 cm long, subdensely ca. 7-flowered; floral Specimens examined. myanmar; Chin State, roadside
between 6 and 10 miles from entrance of Natma Taung
bracts lanceolate, 5–7 mm long; pedicel and ova-
National Park, Natma Taung National Park, 21°12′ –21°13′
ry 4.8–5.2 mm long. Flowers pendulous, not
N, 94°00′ –93°56′ E, 2,340–2,710 m alt., K. Fujikawa, S.
opening widely, pale pinkish brown or pink; pet-
Watthana, K. Kertsawang, Tin Mya Soe, Myint Hlaing,
als and lip with darker tint. Sepals narrowly ob- Ling Shein Man & Law Shine 089099 (MBK, spirit col-
lanceolate, 28–33.5 mm long, 3.2–4.5 mm wide, lection); roadside between Mindat and Mow Bi Township
(56 miles N of Mindat), 21°35′ N, 93°43′ E, ca. 2,400–
apex acute; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals
2,500 m alt., N. Tanaka, T. Sugawara, S. Kobayashi, T.
narrowly oblanceolate, 27.5–32 mm long, 3.2–3.8
Toma, T. Akiyama & K. Watanabe 030828 (MBK).
mm wide, apex acute. Lip linear, 32–35 mm long,
2.5–3.5 mm wide, slightly saccate at base, apex
3-lobed; lateral lobes narrowly oblong, 4.2–5.2 Note. Two varieties of Cremastra appendicu-
mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, apex obtuse; mid-lobe lata are recognized; variety appendiculata is
ovate, 7.8–8 mm long, 3.3–3.8 mm wide, apex characterized a wingless column and a large ver-
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October 2015 Watthana &al.–First Record of Cremastra in Myanmer 199
Fig. 2. Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino var. appendiculata at Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar.
A–B. habit. C. inflorescence. D. flowers. All photos were taken by S. Watthana (19 May 2012). Voucher specimen is K.
Fujikawa et al. 089099, MBK.
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The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
200 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 66
rucose callus on the mid-lobe of the labellum; va-
References
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supported by Grant-in-Aid from the JICA Grass Roots
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Received January 24, 2014; accepted April 8, 2015
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