First Kafir (Xhosa) Course

152 Pages·2016·7.48 MB·English

by  Crawshaw C.J.

UC-NRLF
B M 233 flb7
^CRAWSHAWS
COURSE
FIRST KAFIR
3/.

A FIRST
KAEIE COUBSE
BY
CRAWSHAW
C J
FIFTH EDITION
J. C. JUTA & CO.
CAPETOWN KINa WILLIAMSTOWN
POET ELIZABETH EAST LONDON
GRAHAMSTOWN STELLENBOSCH
JOHANNESBURG DURBAN
1903
LONDEN
:
BOKKDRUKKERIJ VAN W. CLOWES EN ZONEN, BEPERKT,
DUKESTREET, STAMFORDSTREET, S.E., ENGREATWINDMILLSTREET,W.
(^04 hjiJuM^
PREFACE
This littlebookrequiresnoapology. Itisthe onlyattemptthathas
yetbeenmade to enableEuropeans to overcome the firstdifficulties
of learning Kafir, and Natives Tor those who have spoken Kafir as
children)tolearnthe GrammarandConstructionoftheLanguage.
It may however be well to explain how this First Kafir Course
cametobewritten.
On arriving in the Colonyeight years ago Iset to work to learn
KafirwithGrammar,Dictionaryand Bible; butpresentlyfoundthat
withoutsomeprevious knowledgeIcould neither use the Dictionary
norunderstandmuchofthe Grammar.
I came to a standstill. Fortunately however a friend gave me
a copy of The Zulu-Kafir Language simplified for Beginners by the
Bev. G. Boherts.
Using this as a kind of maporplan (forthe Zulu andXosa Kafir
arevery closelyallieddialects of one language)Ibegantomake for
myownusealittle book on a similar method to NasmitKsPractical
Linguist,Frenchand German.
Friendstowhom I had applied for information ondifi'erentpoints
urged me to make the work more formal and complete, and to
publishit.
I make no claim to any great discoveries, and have no special
theorytoenforce. Imerelyendeavourtoputbeforethelearnerina
simpleandprogressivemannerthe chiefpointsofKafirGrammar.
Iwould call special attention to the division of the various parts
of which Kafir words are built up—this I believe has never been
—
systemuticallyattempted before and also to the KufirizedEnglish.
This is in no sensea Translation; indeedveryfrequently the words
517G24
J
make no sense in English, It is an attempt to sliow clearly and
preciselythediiferencebetweentheEnglishandKafiridiom and mode
ofconstruction by settingforthasnearlyaspossiblein Englishwords
theorderofKafirthought.
This method has been used for many years very successfully in
teachingFrenchand German, butneverbeforeforKafir.
A fairknowledgeofEnglish and of EnglishGrammaron thepart
ofthestudentiseverywheretaken for granted.
I have of course made use of the Kafir Grammars, &c, already
published.
In theGrammatical partof thework Ihavehadnootheraidthan
that derived fi'om books; but in connection with the Vocabularies,
— —
Examples and Exercises all the purely Kafir part of thework
havetoexpressmyobligationstoseveral friends.
To the Eev. J. A. Chalmers for several valuable suggestions
chiefly in the earlier portions; to the Honourable C. Brownlee and
Rev. P. J. Mzimba for revision of thewholebook; but especiall}^ to
the Eev. E. J. Barrett and Eev. W. W. Gqoba, not only for the
revision of the Kafir but also for much general information and
valuableaidthroughoutthewholeofthework.
Any suggestions or corrections addressed to the care of the
Publisherswillreceivemy carefulattention.
C. J. CHAWSHAW.
—— — —
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CESSON *^-*'''
1 EuphonicConcord ... • • -
2 Alphabet; tableofNouns 2
3 Indicative Present Imperfect, long form; Proper Names of
Persons; DoubleNominative ... ... ... ... .•• 3
4 PronominalObjects; Double—Accusative 4
5 IndicativePresentImperfect, sAori/orw; Participle 6
6 IndicativeFutureImperfect, twoforms 6
7 IndicativePastIndefinite; andImperfect,—/oifr/^n?is 8
8 Potential Present Imperfect; Past Imperfi.ct,—/ow?-forras; the
particleyo ... ... ... ••• • ••• ••• ••• ^
9 PronominalSubjects; IndicativePresentImperfect, twoforms... 11
10 Imperative; Subjunctive Present Imperlect, Awjmented, used
asImperative; softenedfo—rmofImperative 12
11 IndicativeFutureImperfect, ftt^o/orms; and PastIndefinite .. 14
12 IndicativePastImperfect,—/oMr/o?-ms 16
13 PronominalSubjectsusedbeforeAdjectives IH
14 PronominalObjects; theKafirVerb; Pei-sonalPronouns,Empliatic
form; DativeofPronounsandof PersonalNouns; Nounsused
Adverbially 19
15 EelativePronouns; asSubjects; sometimesomitted; placedbefore
AdjectivesusedasAttributes; ClassesofAdjectives 2l
16 PotentialPresentImperfect; andPast,—/o?«-forms; nga Instru-
mentaland«a ... ... ... ••• •• •• ••• 23
17 Possessive Particles and Pronouns; Possessive of Common and
ProperNotms 25
18 DemonstrativePronouns 27
(,rSSON ., . . . . ..... . . PAGE
2109 PSpreocnioemsiannadlNCoupmublae,rCoafusNaolu;n/sa<;AGere,ndTeOOri;!AeDriminutives ..3209
21 'J'heRelativeusedwithPossessives ... 32
22 OnJce,allandodica,alone . . 33
23 PossessiveoftheRelative 34
24 Relative as Object; Rules for agreement of Relative as Subject
andasObject 35
.37
25 Relativegovernedb}'aPreposition ...
26 Monosyllabicand VowelVerbs; uku-ti 38
27 ComparisonofAdjectives; AdverbsofPlaceasPrepositions .. 39
28 !ri7e,cej'tozn; DemonstrativeAdverbs 41
29 PresentandPastPerfectTenses; na=have;AbstractNounsused
asAdjectives 43
30 Kafir Idioms; 7s able; threats or warnings; inusa; u-funele;
u-mele; pants' ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44
31 IndicativePresentPerfect and Potential PresentImperfect before
Infinitive 45
32 IndicativeFuturePerfect: Adjectives as Predicates; the particle
ho ... 46
33 IndicativeFutureimpertect Progressive ... ... ... ... 47
34 SubjunctivePresent Imperfect and Past indefinite; Verbs joined
hjand; toexpress^purpose 48
35 Numerals; asObjecttoaTransitiveVerb , ... 50
36 Onehyone; oiher ... ... ... ... ... ... 53
37 IdiomaticVerbsandVerbalParticles; sa,ka,uku-mana,uku-da 53
38 Uku-hlala; ukio-andula; njenga; hide; apo \v\thko-na ... 55
39 InterrogativePronounsandAdverb.s;«./«.'/t-ofZa-a 56
40 VerbForms .. 57
41 TheDative of CommonNouns; ofNamesofPiace^j,A:e.; ka-a,
Locative; PossessiveParticlesand«^aprefixedtoDative ... 59
42 TheVocative; Formation of Proper Names; Infinitive as Inter-
jection 61
43 TheVerb,NegativeForms; ka- ytt ... .... 62
44 NegativeFormsofIndicativePresentImperfect; Zy/, ... 64
45 ,, ,, ,, ,. Past 11definiteandImperfect . . 65
46 „ , ,, „ Futuies 66
47 ; , ?> J, PresentandPastPerfect .. ... 67
48 „ „ ,, PotentialPresentandPastImperfect 68