First Aid, Survival, and CPR: Home and Field Pocket Guide

243 Pages·2011·14.88 MB·English

by  Shirley A. Jones

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EMERGENCY INFORMATION CONTACTS
American Red Cross Food and Drug Administration
(United States) (United States)
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Website: www.redcross.org Website: www.fda.gov
International Committee of the Geological Survey (United States)
Red Cross Phone: [phone]
Website: www.icrc.org Website: www.usgs.gov
Centers for Disease Control and Humane Society of the
Prevention (United States) United States
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Website: www.cdc.gov Website: www.hsus.org
Centers for Disease Control and National Weather Service
Prevention (International) (United States)
Travelers’ Health Topics (safety, Website: www.weather.gov
vaccinations, children, pets) Poison Control Center
Phone: [phone] (United States)
Website: www.cdc.gov/travel Phone: [phone]
Department of Homeland Security Website: www.aapcc.org
(United States) Animal Poison Control Center
Phone: [phone] (United States)
Website: www.dhs.gov Phone: [phone]
Department of Health and Human Website: www.aspca.org/pet-care/
Services (United States) poison-control/
Phone: [phone] World Health Organization
Website: www.hhs.gov (International)
Divers Alert Network Website: www.who.int
(International) United States Department
Phone: [phone] of Agriculture
Website:www.diversalertnetwork.org Website: www.usda.gov
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (United States)
Phone: [phone]
Website: www.fema.gov
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Purchase additional copies of this book at your local
bookstore or directly from F.A. Davis by shopping online
at www.fadavis.com or by calling 800-323-3555 (US) or
800-665-1148 (CAN)
Associate Editor: Phillip Levy, MD, MPH
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F. A. Davis Company
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Philadelphia, PA 19103
www.fadavis.com
Copyright © 2012 by F. A. Davis Company
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored
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Publisher, Nursing: Robert G. Martone
Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen
Senior Project Editor: Christina C. Burns
Design and Illustration Manager: Carolyn O’Brien
Reviewers: David G. Allaben, PA, EMT-P; Jason Cunningham, EMT; Steven G. Glow, MSN,
FNP, RN, EMT-P; Lisa Harris, MD; Mike Kennamer, EdD, MPA, EMT; Ken Kustiak, MHS,
RN; Faye Melius, MS, RN; Stephen J. Nardozzi, EMT-P; Carmin J. Petrin, MS, APRN, BC;
Tony Ramsey, EMT; Corrine Sawyer, MSN, RN; Deanna K. Schnebbe, MA; Linda Van Schoder,
EdD, RRT; Laura M.Willis, MSN, RN
Consultants: Virginia E. Kelleher, MD; Emily M. King, DVM; Elizabeth U. Murphy, DVM
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MED- POI- DIS- SUR-
SAFETY CPR INJURY ENVIRO
ICAL SON ASTER VIVE
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Tab 1: Basic Safety
Your First Aid, Survival, and CPR: Home and Field Pocket Guide is
designed to help you respond effectively in an emergency. Keep a
copy with you at all times—in your first aid, survival, or disaster kit;
in your home, school, and office; in your car, boat, recreational vehicle,
hiking pack, and travel gear. Be proactive and take a first aid and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course. Be sure to keep your
training up to date.
In this tab on basic safety, you’ll learn how to recognize and act in
an emergency, how to avoid disease and injury, and how to assemble
first aid, survival, and disaster kits.
HOW TO RECOGNIZE EMERGENCIES
Emergencies are unexpected events that require urgent action. They can
affect anyone, anywhere, at any time. Here’s how to recognize an
emergency:
Unusual Personal Appearances or Behaviors
■ Sudden collapse or unconsciousness
■ Slurred speech, confusion, or drowsiness
■ Trouble breathing, wheezing, and coughing
■ Clutching the chest or throat
■ Excessive sweating or inability to sweat in a hot environment
■ Inability to move a body part
■ Uncharacteristic skin color
■ Nausea and vomiting
Noises
■ Screaming, yelling, moaning, or calling for help
■ Breaking glass, crashing metal, or screeching tires
■ Sudden loud or unidentifiable sounds
■ Sound of structural collapse or falling ladders
■ An infant or child crying for unexplained reasons
SAFETY
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SAFETY
Odors
■ Unusually strong odors
■ Unrecognizable odors
■ Inappropriate odors
■ The smell of smoke
Unusual Sights
■ Broken glass, fallen boxes, or overturned chair
■ Vehicle run off the road or twisted bicycle
■ Burning pot in the kitchen or smoke from the oven
■ Spilled medicine container
■ Fallen electrical lines or trees
■ Sparks, smoke, or fire
HOW TO ACT IN AN EMERGENCY
In any emergency, it’s essential to stay calm if you are to help the
individuals involved. Here are the actions to take:
■ EEnnssuurree tthhaatt tthhee sscceennee iiss ssaaffee..Make sure there are no immediate
dangers such as fallen power lines, floodwaters, high tides, haz-
ardous materials, or traffic.
■ CChheecckk vviiccttiimmss ffoorr lliiffee--tthhrreeaatteenniinngg ccoonnddiittiioonnss..Common ones are
unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, or severe bleeding.
■ AAccttiivvaattee tthhee EEmmeerrggeennccyy MMeeddiiccaall SSeerrvviicceess ssyysstteemm..Call 911 or
another designated emergency phone number in your country or
region and begin CPR if necessary. If you are not trained in CPR,
see Tab 2: CPR, or ask for instructions from the emergency
dispatcher.
■ Stop any bleeding and treat for shock (see Tab 4: Injuries and
Wounds).
■ Check for head, neck, or spinal injuries. Don’t move the person
unless it’s necessary (see Tab 4: Injuries and Wounds).
■ Look for medical identification tags or prescription medications that
may indicate special health problems.
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■ Don’t give fluids unless the person is conscious and alert. An un-
conscious person may not be able to swallow and could aspirate
(breathe in) the fluids.
■ Stay calm. Continue to aid the person until medical help arrives.
HOW TO AVOID DISEASE
Prevent Disease Transmission
■ Avoid contact with blood and other body fluids. Protect yourself
with barriers such as disposable gloves. These should be carried in
your first aid kit.
■ Use protective breathing barriers, such as a CPR face mask or face
shield, if you need to give rescue breaths during CPR (see Tab 2: CPR).
■ If you have any cuts, sores, scrapes, or scratches, cover them with a
bandage before giving first aid.
■ Use proper hand washing before and after giving first aid.
Wash Your Hands
Good hand hygiene is the single most important action you can take to
prevent the spread of infection. Hand washing doesn’t take much time
or effort and is a proven way to kill harmful bacteria and wash off dirt
and grime. Adopting this simple habit can play a major role in protect-
ing your health.
Effective Hand Washing With Soap and Water
1.Wet your hands with warm running water.
2.Use liquid soap or clean bar soap. Lather well.
3.Rub your hands vigorously together for at least 20 seconds. Scrub
all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, your wrists, between
your fingers, and under your fingernails.
4.Rinse well.
5.Dry your hands with a clean or disposable towel.
6.Use a towel to turn off the faucet. This prevents germs from getting
on your clean hands.
SAFETY
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SAFETY
★
SAFETY TIP—To get children into the habit, teach by example.
Wash your hands with your children and supervise their hand
washing. Tell them to wash their hands for as long as it takes them to
sing their ABCs or to sing the “Happy Birthday” song twice. This works
especially well with younger children, who may rush when washing their
hands.
PROPER HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE
Step 1.Wet hands. Step 2.Soap up.
Step 3.Scrub and rub for Step 4.Rinse.
20 seconds.
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