Table Of ContentEnvironmental and Occupational Health and Safety D Fire Safety
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Safety managers today are required to go beyond compliance with the latest fire
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codes to implement proactive fire safety management programs that improve s
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profitability. By reducing property loss insurance premiums and fostering an in Management
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efficient work environment to help realize quality gains, safety managers can add
to the bottom line; however, they need a solid understanding of the duties and F
responsibilities for which they are accountable.
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Handbook
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The Fire Safety Management Handbook is every safety manager’s must-have
guide for developing a successful fire safety management program. Emphasizing S
proactive fire safety activities that achieve optimal results, the text presents the key a
elements that comprise an effective fire safety management program, including a f
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basic knowledge of:
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• Types and functions of fire control equipment y
• Identification and control of hazardous materials M
• Homeland security during disasters and emergencies
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• Fire chemistry, building construction, and efforts to reduce losses
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due to fire
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• Commonly installed fire detection systems and their maintenance g
and inspection e
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• National Fire Codes (NFPA) and federal, state, and local legislation
and enforcement
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• Available resources, fire safety organizations, and the United States n
Fire Administration (USFA) t
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To provide current and future safety professionals with a better understanding
of emergency management within the fire safety discipline, each chapter of the
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Third Edition includes learning objectives at the beginning and questions at the
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end. Case studies have been added, codes and standards have been updated, and
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a new chapter on emergency response planning has been included. Plus, a school
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fire safety plan that can be used as a template is now part of the appendices.
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K22233 T
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S7u1i1te T 3h0ir0d, ABvoecnau Rea ton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4822-92010202-00 tioird Daniel E. Della-Giustina, Ph.D.
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K22233 cvr mech.indd 1 12/17/13 11:46 AM
Fire Safety
Management
Handbook
Third Edition
Fire Safety
Management
Handbook
Third Edition
Daniel E. Della-Giustina, Ph.D.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130820
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-2123-7 (eBook - PDF)
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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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This book is dedicated to my three wonderful sons—
Daniel, John, and David—and to my lovely wife Janet;
and to all the fire fighters who lost their lives at the
World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................xxiii
About the Author ...................................................................................................xxv
Chapter 1 Major Organizations in the Field of Fire Safety ..................................1
National Fire Protection Association ...................................................1
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. ...........................................................3
UL Standards/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ............4
Insurance Companies ...........................................................................4
Factory Mutual .....................................................................................5
Industrial Risk Insurers ........................................................................5
National Fire Academy ........................................................................5
National Fire Academy Curriculum .....................................................7
Government Agencies ..........................................................................8
Study Guide Questions .........................................................................8
Bibliography .........................................................................................8
Chapter 2 Fire Chemistry ...................................................................................11
Introduction ........................................................................................11
Definition of Fire ................................................................................11
Fire Triangle .......................................................................................11
Fuel ................................................................................................12
Oxygen ...........................................................................................13
Heat ................................................................................................13
Fire Tetrahedron .................................................................................14
Classes of Fire ....................................................................................15
Three Stages of Fire ...........................................................................16
Incipient Stage ...............................................................................16
Free-Burning Stage .......................................................................17
Smoldering Stage ...........................................................................17
Study Guide Questions .......................................................................17
Case Studies .......................................................................................18
Bibliography .......................................................................................18
Chapter 3 Essential Elements ..............................................................................19
Fire Safety Concepts ..........................................................................19
Action Plan for Developing a Program ..............................................19
Program Goals ...................................................................................21
vii
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viii Contents
Program Elements ..............................................................................21
System Evaluation ..............................................................................23
Recommendations .........................................................................23
Program Guidelines............................................................................25
Fire Brigade ........................................................................................26
Industrial Fire Brigade Member Professional
Qualifications—2012 Standard .....................................................28
Emergency Planning ..........................................................................29
Plant Self-Inspection ..........................................................................30
Cutting and Welding ..........................................................................31
Hazards When Welding .....................................................................32
Regulating Smoking Areas ................................................................32
Study Guide Questions .......................................................................35
Case Studies .......................................................................................36
Bibliography .......................................................................................36
Chapter 4 Identification and Control of Materials Considered Hazardous .........37
Identification of Hazardous Materials ................................................37
Hazard Analysis/Causal Investigation ...............................................43
NFPA 704 ......................................................................................44
Health Hazards Are Indicated in the Left Square,
Color-Coded Blue .....................................................................44
Flammability Hazards Are Indicated in the Top Square,
Color-Coded Red ......................................................................44
Reactivity (Stability) Hazards Are Indicated in the
Right Square, Color-Coded Yellow ..........................................44
Special Information Is Indicated in the Bottom Square,
Color-Coded White ...................................................................45
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) .............................................................45
Global Safety and Health Administration ..........................................47
Emergency Response Mutual Aid Network .......................................47
Isolation of Hazards ...........................................................................48
Ignition Sources ..................................................................................51
Flash Point and Ignition Points ..........................................................52
Ignition Temperatures ........................................................................52
Static Electricity .................................................................................53
Gases ..................................................................................................53
Vapor Density ................................................................................53
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) ....................................................53
Acetylene .......................................................................................55
Oxygen ...........................................................................................55
Monthly Safety Inspection Report for Compressed Gas Cylinders ...56
The Use of Chemicals ........................................................................56
Combustible Chemicals .................................................................57
Oxidizing Chemicals .....................................................................57
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents ix
Air-Reactive and Water-Reactive Chemicals ................................57
Unstable Chemicals .......................................................................57
Explosives and Blasting Agents .........................................................58
Corrosives ...........................................................................................59
Toxic Chemicals .................................................................................59
Halogens and Halogenated Hydrocarbons .........................................60
Radioactive Chemicals .......................................................................60
Determination of Hazards ..................................................................61
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) .............................63
Other Areas of Subpart L—Fire Protection ..................................63
Combustible Dust ...............................................................................64
NFPA (Numbers) Publications Relevant to Combustible Dust
Hazard Controls .............................................................................65
Inspections .....................................................................................65
Combustible Solids .............................................................................65
Combustible Metals ............................................................................66
Plastics ................................................................................................67
Sources of Additional Information .....................................................68
Study Guide Questions .......................................................................68
Bibliography .......................................................................................69
Chapter 5 Building Construction ........................................................................71
Facility Location ................................................................................71
Layout of Facilities .............................................................................73
Planning .........................................................................................73
Floor Design ..................................................................................74
Flow Sheets....................................................................................74
Life Safety ..........................................................................................75
Evaluating Life Safety ........................................................................77
Evaluating Building Construction ......................................................79
Management Approaches for Assuring Life Safety ...........................82
Building Codes ...................................................................................83
International Building Code ...............................................................86
Engineering Design Considerations for Plant Layout ........................87
Location of Buildings and Structures ................................................87
Selection of Building Materials..........................................................88
Framing .........................................................................................90
Walls and Partitions .......................................................................91
Floor and Roof Assemblies ...........................................................91
Roof and Floor Covering ...............................................................92
Fire Loading ..................................................................................93
Compartmentalizing Facility .............................................................94
Fire Doors and Windows ...............................................................95
Fire Protection Rating ...................................................................96
Smoke and Heat Venting ...............................................................97
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
