Table Of ContentFinite Elements
in Water
Resources
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference,
Hannover, Germany, June 1982
Editors:
K.P. Holz
U. Meissner
W. Zielke
C.A. Brebbia
G. Pinder
W. Gray
Sponsors: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
International Society for Computational Methods in Engineering
International Association for Hydraulic Research
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1982
K.P. Holz
U. Meissner
W. Zielke
C.A. Brebbia
G. Pinder
W. Gray
Computational Mechanics Centre,
Ashurst Lodge
Ashurst,
Southampton,
Hampshire, S04 2AA,
UK
ISBN 978-3-662-02350-1 ISBN 978-3-662-02348-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-02348-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
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'Vetwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1982
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
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2061/3020/543210
PREFACE
These proceedings contain the papers presented at the Fourth
International Conference on Finite Elements in Water Resources,
held in June, 1982, at the University of Hannover, Federal Re
public of Germany. This Conference continued the successful
series of previous conferences held at Princeton University in
1976, at Imperial College in 1978, and at the University of
Mississippi in 1980.
Since Finite Elements have proved to be a powerful means for
analysing water resource problems, the principal objective of
the Conference was to provide an exchange of experiences in
practical applications of the finite element method and to
establish a forum for discussion regarding accuracy, economy,
limitations and improvements. Related discretization methods
were included within the scope of the Conference. New develop
ments in numerical and computational techniques, basic mathe
matical formulations, and soft- and hardware aspects were
considered to be equally important topics for an exchange of
ideas between both theoretically and practically oriented re
searchers.
The Conference Organizing Committee is very grateful to the
many distinguished scientists who attended the Conference, and
for their contributions towards the proceedings. This collection
of papers in being made available to a wider audience of en
gineers and scientists by CML Publications in Southampton, U.K.
We are particularly grateful for the enlightening lectures given
by the guest speakers, namely, J. H. Argyris, L. Bengtsson,
L. Collatz, D. Haidvogel, C. Taylor, and P. A. Witherspoon, and
we would also like to express our gratitude to those speakers
who were invited to present papers at individual sessions.
Hannover, June 1982
K.-P. Holz U. Meissner W. Zielke
(Local Organizing Committee of the Conference)
Please note that the editors are not responsible for the con
tents of the papers which were reproduced directly from the
original material submitted by the authors.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Conference Organizing Committee gratefully
acknowledges the sponsorship given by the
following organisations:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(German Research Society)
Niedersachsisches Ministerium
fUr Wissenschaft und Kunst
(Ministry of Science and Art of the State of
Lower Saxony)
International Association for Hydraulic
Research (IAHR)
International Society for Computational
Methods in Engineering (ISCME)
The local organization of the Conference was
undertaken by the following institutions of
the University of Hannover:
Institut fUr Stromungsmechanik
und Elektronisches Rechnen im Bauwesen
(Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Electronic
Computations in Civil Engineering)
Sonderforschungsbereich Wasserforschung
im KUstenbereich- SFB79
(Interinstitutional Research Group for Water
Research in Coastal Areas)
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL LECTURES
Numerical Modelling of the Global Atmosphere
L. Bengtsson ......................................... 1-3
Overview of the Finite Element Method in Groundwater
Hydrology
T. N. Narasimhan and P. A. Witherspoon .•............ ,1-29
Solving Turbulent Flow Problems Using the FEM
C. Taylor ..............•............................. 1-45
2. MATHEMATICS UNO NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
Petrov-Galerkin Schemes for the Steady State Convection
Diffusion Equation
M. Ahues and M. Telias ..........................•... 2-3
Hybrid and Mixed Finite Elements in Fluid Mechanics
S. N. Atluri ........................................ 2-13
The Reliability Estimates and Adaptivity in Finite
Element Engineering Computations
I. Babuska .......................................... 2-21
On the Accuracy and Efficiency of a Finite Element
Algorithm for Hydrodynamic Flows
A. J. Baker and M. 0. Soliman ......................• 2-39
Implementation of a Direct Method for the Biharmonic
Problem in the Context of a Code Using Substructuration
A. Bossavit ........•.....................•.......... 2-57
Discrete Optimization of Finite-Element Solutions:
A Concept Discussed for the Diffusion-Advection Problem
S. Gartner .....•..••....................•.••....•..• 2-67
On a Direct Approach for the Solution of Linear Space
Invariant 2-D Differential Convolution Models
F. c. Incertis ..........•...•.••.......•.....•.•.... 2-81
Mixed Finite Element Methods for Nonlinear Problems
M.A. Noor and Kh. Z. Elahi, K. I. Noor .............. 2-91
Certain Variational Principles with no Constraints for
Fluid-Solid Strong Interaction
N. SarigUl and M. C. DHkmeci ................•........ 2-101
3. SOLUTION OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
Convective and Radiative Transfer Past a Porous Flat
Plate in Compressible Flow
A. R. Bestman ..............................•...•..... 3-3
Effective Transient Compressible Flow Analysis in Pipe
Networks
0. Ohtmer ............................................ 3-13
Continuation Methods for the Finite Element Solution
of Turbulent Flow
D. R. Schamber, B. E. Larock, and B. A. DeVantier .... 3-23
The Application of FEM and FDM to Flow Separation
Pattern; A Comparison Study
N. A. Zaghloul ...............................•.....•• 3-33
4. OPEN CHANNEL FLOW CALCULATIONS
A Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model
F. J. Aparicio and M. Berezowsky ................•.... 4-3
Numerical Computation of Supercritical and Subcritical
Flows in Open Channels with Varying Cross-Sections
A. 0. Demuren ........................•............... 4-13
Finite Element Solution of the Lagrangian Equations of
Unsteady Free-Surface Flows on Dry River Beds
A. Di Monaco and P. Molinaro ..........•........••.... 4-25
A Hydrodynamic Model for Open Channel Flow Problems
G. A. Keramidas ........•.......................•..... 4-37
On the Use of Explicit Methods of Solution of the
Saint Venant Equations for Open Channel Flow
K. Sivaloganathan •.........•..•..•...............•..• 4-51
5. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIDAL AND OCEAN FLOW
Some Recent Developments and Prospects in Finite
Difference Methods
M. B. Abbott ..•..••.......•...........•......•........ 5-3
A Time Integration Technique for Modelling of Small
Amplitude Tidal Waves
V. Argintaru and L. Spraggs .......................... 5-17
Formulating a Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Sea Model
Using a Mixed Galerkin-Finite Difference Method
A. M. Davies ......................................... 5-27
Feasability of Finite Element Methods for Oceanic General
Circulation Modelling
E. Dumas, Ch. Le Provost, and A. Poncet .............. 5-43
The Use of Kalman-Bucy Filters in Forecasting the Water
Levels in the Dutch Coastal Area
A. W. Heemink and B. de Jong ......................... 5-57
Time-Weighting of the Momentum Equation in Explicit Wave
Equation Models of Surface Water Flow
I. P. E. Kinnmark and W. G. Gray ..................... 5-67
Formulating Layered and Semi-Analytic Finite Element
Flow Programs with Variable Eddy Viscosity
J. P. Laible ......................................... 5-79
Tidal Propagation in a Rectangular Basin of the Bay
of Fundy
M. Rahman ...................................•........ 5-91
F. E. Analysis of Waves in a Semi-Infinite Layer of
Fluid
P. Wilde and K. Szmidt ............................... 5-101
6. SIMULATION OF TIDAL AND OCEAN FLOW PROCESSES
Numerical Modeling of Storm Surge Generation Phenomena
S. A. Dendrou, C. I. Moore, and B. A. Dendrou ........ 6-3
Typhoon Surge Analysis by Selective Lumping Two Step Ex
plicit Finite Element Method
M. Kawahara ...............................•.•........ 6-13
Tidal River Flow Calculations with Measured Velocities
on the Open Boundaries
A. Nehlsen, W. Michaelis and A. MUller ............... 6-29
Residual Currents During Changing Meteorological
Circumstances
N. Praagman ..........................................6 -39
Some Computation a 1 Prob 1e ms of Oceanography
W. C. Thacker ..................................•.....6 -49
7. LAKE CIRCULATION
Computation of Wind-Driven Circulation in Shallow Lakes
B. L. Jackowski ...................................... 7-3
A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model For Stratified
Flow
I. P. King ........................................... 7-13
Finite Element Analysis of Water Quality in Lake Erie
D. C. L. Lam ......................................... 7-23
Calculation of Lake Circulation with Threedimensional
Finite Elements
J. Trosch ............................................ 7-33
8. MODERN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTS
A Microcomputer Program for Design of the Self Retiming
Mechanics of Large Tidal Power Sites
H. Ki nno .............................................8 -3
Automatic Generation of Finite Element Network for Bi
Dimensional and Quasi-Three-Dimensional Equations
Governing the Groundwater Flow
L. Sartori, V. Aurelio, M. Riccioni,
and G. Svarca ........................................8 -13
Procedure of Mesh Data Generation in Codes for the Ana
lysis of Viscous Flow
M. A. Sebastian, J. M. Perez, and A.M. Sanchez ......8 -25
9. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER FLOW
Some Experiences Using Finite Element Methods for
Fluid Flow Problems
K. J. Bathe, V. Sonnad and P. Domigan ................9 -3
Software Developments for Finite Element
Applications
R. Damrath ..............•............................9 -17
Finite Element Analysis of Interface Problem in Non
Steady Seepage
I. Kohno and M. Nishigaki ............................9 -35
A Frontal Method Based Solution of the Quasi-Three
Dimensional Finite Element Model for Interconnected
Aquifer Systems and Fluid Mass Balance Evaluation.
Steady and Unsteady Equations.
L. Sartori and G. Peverieri ..........................9 -45
