Finding Sand Creek: History, Archeology, and the 1864 Massacre Site

268 Pages·2004·2.707 MB·English

by  Jerome A. Greene, Douglas D. Scott

Finding Sand Creek
Also by Jerome A. Greene
Slim Buttes, 1876: An Episode of the Great Sioux War(Norman,
1982)
Yellowstone Command: Colonel Nelson A. Miles and the Great
Sioux War, 1876–1877(Lincoln, 1991)
(ed.) Battles and Skirmishes of the Great Sioux War, 1876–
1877: The Military View(Norman, 1993)
(ed.) Lakota and Cheyenne: Indian Views of the Great Sioux
War, 1876–1877(Norman, 1994)
Morning Star Dawn: The Powder River Expedition and the
Northern Cheyennes, 1876(Norman, 2003)
Washita: The U.S. Army and the Southern Cheyennes, 1867–
1869(Norman, 2004)
Also by Douglas D. Scott
(with Richard A. Fox, Jr.) Archaeological Insights into the
Custer Battle: An Assessment of the 1984 Field Season
(Norman, 1987)
(with Richard A. Fox, Jr., Melissa A. Connor, and Dick Har-
mon) Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of Little
Bighorn(Norman, 1989)
(with P. Willey and Melissa A. Connor) They Died with Custer:
Soldiers’ Bones from the Battle of Little Bighorn (Norman,
1998)
Finding Sand Creek
History, Archeology, and the
1864 Massacre Site
Jerome A. Greene
and
Douglas D. Scott
Foreword by Christine Whitacre
University of Oklahoma Press : Norman
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Greene, Jerome A.
Finding Sand Creek: history, archeology, and the 1864
massacre site / Jerome A. Greene and Douglas D. Scott;
foreword by Christine Whitacre.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8061-3623-5 (alk. paper)
1. Sand Creek Massacre, Colo., 1864. 2. Cheyenne
Indians—Antiquities. 3. Arapaho Indians—Antiquities.
4. Excavations (Archaeology)—Colorado—Sand Creek
Massacre National Historic Site. 5. Sand Creek Massacre
National Historic Site (Colo.)—History. 6. Sand Creek
Massacre National Historic Site (Colo.)—Antiquities.
I. Scott, Douglas D. II. Title.
E83.863.G74 2004
978.8004'97353—dc22
2004041286
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence
and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for
Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc.∞
Copyright © 2004 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Nor-
man, Publishing Division of the University. All rights
reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
To the memory of
Don G. Rickey, 1925–2000,
Historian of the American West
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The site of that historic [Sand Creek] affair has not been marked.
If it were possible, we, as a nation, doubtless had rather the event
could be forgotten.
—Walter M. Camp,
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting and Dinner
of the Order of Indian Wars of the United States
Held January Seventeenth Nineteen Hundred and Twenty
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Contents
List of Illustrations xi
List of Tables xiii
Foreword, by Christine Whitacre xv
Preface and Acknowledgments xxiii
Chapter 1. The Sand Creek Massacre 3
Chapter 2. Historical Documentation of the Location
and Extent of the Sand Creek Massacre Site 26
Chapter 3. Identifying the Sand Creek Massacre Site
through Archeological Reconnaissance 63
Chapter 4. Postarcheology Archival Conclusions
Regarding the Location of the
Sand Creek Massacre Site 99
Appendices
A. Archeological Artifact Description and Analysis 123
B. J. H. Haynes Cheyenne Depredation Claim 163
C. Cheyenne and Arapaho Annuity Requests,
Receipts, and Lists 165