Finding instancies of deduction and abduction in clinical - CILC 2006

45 Pages·2006·1.28 MB·English

Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Finding instancies of deduction and abduction in
clinical experimental transcripts
M. Amalfi, K. Lo Presti, A. Provetti and F. Salvetti
Univ. atMessina+Univ. ofColorado-Boulder+UmbriaInc.
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as manifestations of mental inferential ability.
I the results point to unexpected conclusions1
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Introduction: a Cognitive Science experiment
I transcripts from a routine clinical evaluation at Boston VA
hospital
I Cognitive Science experiment in Boulder: annotation of
transcripts to find out instances of:
I categorization (here, giving names to objects)
I prediction
I explanation
1Salvetti,2006ReasoningAndBrainDamage: predictionandexplanationin
left- and right-hemisphere patients, CogSci 2006.
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Introduction: a Cognitive Science experiment
I transcripts from a routine clinical evaluation at Boston VA
hospital
I Cognitive Science experiment in Boulder: annotation of
transcripts to find out instances of:
I categorization (here, giving names to objects)
I prediction
I explanation
as manifestations of mental inferential ability.
I the results point to unexpected conclusions1
1Salvetti,2006ReasoningAndBrainDamage: predictionandexplanationin
left- and right-hemisphere patients, CogSci 2006.
I Prolog interpretation: allows to mix text manipulation and
declarative schema descriptions.
How do address it?
I simple pattern matching over phrases in transcripts
I scheme-based (subject/verb/complement) reasoning
I stemming (alas, hand-made)
I closed-world assumption reasoning
I no latent-semantics indexing [yet], no NLP [yet].
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Introduction, Cont’d
Our objective
to develop an automated analysis tool that annotates transcripts.
Hopefully the the tool show give annotations comparable to those
of a human [panel] (a minor, localized Turing test?)
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Introduction, Cont’d
Our objective
to develop an automated analysis tool that annotates transcripts.
Hopefully the the tool show give annotations comparable to those
of a human [panel] (a minor, localized Turing test?)
How do address it?
I simple pattern matching over phrases in transcripts
I scheme-based (subject/verb/complement) reasoning
I stemming (alas, hand-made)
I closed-world assumption reasoning
I no latent-semantics indexing [yet], no NLP [yet].
I Prolog interpretation: allows to mix text manipulation and
declarative schema descriptions.
I Categorization: assigning objects to classes or categories
I Explanation: telling what the likely causes of what is seen are
I Prediction: telling the likely outcome of the present situation
For this domain, verb tense is considered sufficent to discriminate
the latter two forms of reasoning.
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Reasoning and inferential abilities
Disturbed inferential abilities
several experiments have studied the impact of Lateral brain
damage on cognitive abilities, and in particular on the ability to
produce explanations and predictions.
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
Reasoning and inferential abilities
Disturbed inferential abilities
several experiments have studied the impact of Lateral brain
damage on cognitive abilities, and in particular on the ability to
produce explanations and predictions.
I Categorization: assigning objects to classes or categories
I Explanation: telling what the likely causes of what is seen are
I Prediction: telling the likely outcome of the present situation
For this domain, verb tense is considered sufficent to discriminate
the latter two forms of reasoning.
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
The Experiment: subjects
I the test was part of a routine clinical evaluation at Boston VA
Hospital
I Professional staff administered it to 65 patients:
I 26 left-hemisphere brain damage
I 15 right-hemisphere brain damage
I 24 control
I No supplementary data, e.g. type and gravity of aphasia,
locus of the damage, its causes etc. were supplied.
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
The Experiment: an image that triggers reasoning
“I have a picture here. As you see, there’s a lot going on. Look it
over and tell me about it”
Findinginstanciesofdeductionandabductioninclinicalexperimentaltranscripts
The four scenes
A : the Eskimo and the igloo