Table Of ContentContents
ACKNOWLEGDMNETS
Vll
INTRODCTUIOTNh:i nking FemI inist
PatriWchiiat e
PARTI REPRESENTATIONS
RethinWkoimnegnsC ' inema 25
I
2 SexuIanildf feraenndc e
LesbRieapnr esentation 48
3 WhenL esbiWaenrNseo tW omen 72
PARTI I READINGS
4 TheL uroeft hMea nniLsehs bian 85
5 Lettteoar nU nknoWwonm an roo
6 PublaincdP rivFaatnet aisni es
DaviCdr oneenrgbM'.Bs utterfly II8
PARTI IIE PISTEMOLOIGES
7 EccenSturbijce cts I5I
8 UppitnhgAe n t[is iinc ]
FeminTihseto ry I38
9 HabCihta nges I99
IO TheI ntractoafDb eisliirtey 2I7
II FiguorfRe ess istance 235
NOTES 26I
NAMAEN D
TITLE INDEX 303
Acknowledgments
hibso owko ulndo t ewxiitshtto huweto rakn tdh een thusiasm
ofm ayn,t ow homI a md eeply gratCeaftualp.fia rnJsoot a n
T
suggetshtieed de oafa f emintihseto" rerya d"ea rnd saw it
throtuogp hu blicJautdiiMotanhy. n aen Bd. R ubRyi cphe rsumaed ed
thaatc olleocfth iaornd -too-lfidanendr,dn ewearr tiwcoluelssdt ill
havvea lfuoetr o dsar ye'adaessr esa -chianntgeer veinnft eimoinnsi st
and fisltmu dIit ehsa.tn hkde o ctosrtauld enmtyfs a 2li0ln0 H3i story
ofC onsciousnesisnf esmeimntiihnseratyowr ,i twhh omId eveloped
myt hougfhottrsh tei telses ay; Anu wKhooii nvturnoednmu,ec ed
wheInp reseanl teecdtv uerres oifto hne titaltte h Ueen sisvaeyro sfi ty
Stockhaonlwdmh oa lseod itace odl leocft imoyn wriinFt iinnngiss h
translMaatriyoanVna;ln i uwlhiois n,v imteet dos peaatTk r iniCtoyl
lege, Dountb hlfeie nl,i coictcoausosif to hnce e nteonfaw roym esn '
entrainnctteoh c eo llaengdMea ;r Myc Dermowthtok, i ndalcyta esd
myg uiidneD ublMions.ot fa lIla ,m g rattefoPu alt rWihciitafe o r
hepre rfpeicttic nth h see lechteiproa ni,n steadkiitnaignn udg n,e rring
adviWcorek.i wnigth he r ahlawsab yesea np rivialneadjg yoe.F inlal, y
· CAKNOWLEDGMNETS
•
I thZaoneLk e onafrogdre nerosuhsalrhyie nrg aruts a wnidat lhl ow
ing phheort ogrtaocp ohnsv ewristoehu wrr itings.
TEREDSEAL ARUETIS
» » »
Fotrh eir choemlmpefnuotlnt s h ien troduIwc otuiloldni ,k et htaon k
NorJao hnsHoonm,a Kyi nBga,k irMaatnhJiiu, d iMtahy nBe.,R uby
RicBhe,t haSncyh ne,Ci ydnetrShcihan eerKi,ad tTeh omas,C aatnidn a
YervaTshia.n tkosJ oaCna tapfaonhroe vri siooftn h is abnodto ok ,
projeedcitAt nogre la BcuorptyoendJ,iu tlGoiareyc ,o vdeers igCnarerri e
Housaen,bd o ok deCsoipgCenu emrp stfoosnroa blrye aliizti.n gA nd
abovet haalntlko,Ts er esdaeL aurewthiossi,en tellgeecnteuraols ity is
evidoenne tv eprayg e.
PATRIICAW HITE
Introduction:
ThinkiFnegm inist
PatriWhciitae
eredseaL aureitsai mso ntgh feo remfoesmti ntihseto roifs ts
thpea sste vedreacla dheestr;h oughhats set dteebramtse of
T
atk ejyn ucturaensdi, th elrpesn etwh e reloeffv eamnicnei st
theofrooyru cru rrmeonmte nJtu.sa tsh ebra ckgrboruinddEg uerso pe
andA merihceawr,o rlki nckosn tintehnetoarli eUs. Sfw.mei itnhi sm
inm utuaplrloyd ucwtaiyvHsea. v iendgi taenddi n trodtuhc1ee9 d9 1
speciisasolu fde i fefrenecnetsi" tQlueede r rTy"h,s ehoies foau nder
of tahcaatd emic dwihsohc aonsue rvseer threelmeasiasnn ea ds tute
criotfti hce sotffa etmuisan nildset s btihaenow riyt hi.itH1ne rw riting,
evoktihnaogtf s ucfhe mipnriossstte y laisVs itrsg Wionoileafv ewnh ile
analyiztii,asn tgo ncdee mandainndtg h rilplriencgilsye .
Thee leveesns aiynts h icso llecwtriiotontv,ee ntr h tew o-decade
spafnr o1m9 8t5o demonstthrseac toeap neid m paocfTt er esa
2005,
deL auriestt'hso ugahntdi tosn going pOrrogmainsiiezn.ett doh ree
par"tsRe,p reasteinot"nRse,a"d inagns"d, Ep"i stemo,lt"oh gbeio eosk
incdlebuse nchmarka swp eilaelsch easre dr-toi-nfitnendrt vieoTnhse.
essahyasv e gbaetehne arnecddo ntexttuoai llilizunemadtt heei inrt er-
. I .
·INTRODUCTION
·
connecwtiitoahnne s m,p haosnti hsce o sntituotfsi uobcnjt eivwiittyh in
represensteaxltuiiataoynn,de, p istoegmyWo.hl iltehv eo luwmielb le
welcotmore e adfemarisl wiiatrh L aduer sew toirsik't, aclassnoe r avse
ai ntrodfuocrt itoena cshteurdseo nfwat onsmd e sns 'tudainelds e sbian!
gay/bisexuaV(tLrGaBnsTst)gu edanisdwee esrla, lsf otrh mea nrye aders
froamv arioefdt iys ciapnlfdir noeomsu tstihdaeec amdye wwhiofil nld
deL auertsit sh'inkainndg wruintiiqnusget liym ulTahtesi enlge.c tions
consirdeeprr esenotfwa otmieoannn sld e sbiapnriessrmee,na td ionfg s
textthsat th eoarinizdne v dietseai nrfdea nstyaa,n cdo nstwrauycostf
thinkaibnofgue tm inainssdmu ebcjtiitSvyo.m etitmheedsyo ubblaec k
one acoht h,de ertotuodr i scrueslsad teevde lop(mwehniitlnsee vitably
neglecottih)neagr,n s di ntrocdounccee ardanjcse tnotf eminainsdm
theryoT.ak etno ge,tt hheesryh oaww ritaentrdh inwkheord, e sphietre
indispourtiagbilanena adls iotmye tiamlemsoi sntt imicdoamtmianngd
ofl anguaangcdeo nceipsdt ese,pd liya logic.
These essayrse aidntevojri io tnie na p trhoec ess ofa nrde visiting
revitshiandtgeL aurehtadises m onstircsa etnetdtr ota hlpe r oject of
femitnhiesroytI. nk eepwiintgth w oc entral diinhs ecoron ugrosiensg
works-emioatnidpc ssy choainsa-ltcyhonsec epatnds'p ractoifc es
feminainsdtm h eoirnwy h ich ensghaega rerese ciparoncdoa ple n
endeIdnh. e wro rk, tahswe o irnok f s uccho ntempfoermairnyi st
theoraisDs otnsn Haa rawaanydC handMroah natyn,os ingsltea,t ic
notiooffn e minwiisldmlo M .o revoera,sf eminciasnmnb oect i rcum
scriibnoe bdj esccto,po erp, e ritohdce,o ncoefpp to stfemmiankiessm
littleN esietdnhoseeerds. eL auruestteih se t"etrhme oarsays "c ientist
mighatsa,p rovpeons tu"laas teoetfs, t atemoerpn rtisn cdiepvliesse d
toe xplaag irno uopff actrsa't?,h s ehrree fteorh se r wrainttdih neg
theosrhiceer si tiaqs"u peasssi onfiacttei "o3Tn hsi.ds e signwaittiho n,
itesv ocaotfid oens iarnend a rradteimvoen,s tornaweta eyis n which,
for Ldaeu refteimsi,nc iasnmn boedt e finienid s olaftriotomhn e ory
ort hsep eculIantdievaeesId.w , i lalr gufee,m insipsetc ilfiicieinsat y
sujbectwaiyvo efk nowing.
Poststructuroaftl hisesu teb cjttph-seyocrhioeasna anlldyi tnigcu is
ticci,n emaantdsie cmo itic-kaerye h teor waonrtdko t haotfm any
ofh epre earnst,dh erye sonwaitttehh fee miininssti" gthhptee rsonal
ipso lailt"T.i hcis resiopsne arnhccalepe sa irnde esL ta urectoinsc'esp t
of" thseu bjoeffc etm imn.iT"sh e tiemrpml ies "an uonfd erstanding
th(ef emsaulebecj)at sn ot odnilsytf irnocWmto man. .th.re e presen-
• 2 •
INTRODCUTION
· ·
tatoifoa nne sseinnchee rienan lwtlo men.,.b .uat l sdoi stfirnocmt
woment,h ree ahli stobreiicnaglss oacnsidua blcj tes awrhdeoe fined
byt htee chnoolfgo egnyd aenrda ctlulaeyn gendiensr oedc riealla
tinos."T4h aWto mana ndw omeanr dei stfirnocemta coht her-and
tahtt heredfeosrpeai,ndt wei thtihnme y tholoofWg oym anw,o men
cani ndebeesd u ebcjtosfs peeacnhdd e sicraeen,v e bne gtiorn e present
Womaont heirswe-ainis n sieglhotq ueenltaalbtyoe ridnd eL auretis's
transfor1m94a8b toiovAkel iDcoee tsF:ne 'minSiesmmti,io Ccisn,e .m a
Iti is nh enre xbto oTkec, hnooglioefGs en deErs:s aoynTs he royF,i lm
anFdi ct(i1o9)n8t, 7h asth ien trodtuhc"eeus sb jeocfft e mnsiim"a s
at hicrodn,c eptuarle pfirgeusrteehn,tet e innsgib oentswe iednez aeldi
represen(tWoamtainao)nn d acetxupaelr i(ewnocme)e a,nn di np ar
ticulcaro ntshcei oouft shntiesen sssi on.
Them odoef d efinidteiL oanu reutsie(ss" o nto nly difsrtoimn ct
. .,b. u atl sdoi stfirnoc.mt ." )c.a fnr ustsroamrteee a daenrsdst 'u
dendtess'fi orarena ffirmafteimvienA insdym e.tt h mee theondat cst he
thougdheLt a:u rectoinsc'emspo tvsie na nodu otf c ontewxhtesrt eh ey
takoenm eaniinntg e nswiiotnoht hfeorr lmautiFoonersx .a mptlhee,
essay T"ecThhneo loofGg eyn deern"d s awp iatrha dTohxes. u bject
of femiissn piastmi aanldtle ymo prallolcya "theerdae n dno w. That
ist os a,ye lsew.h"eT5rh eec ontradiction ihnle arneg,ui afpg oes sible
noitn s pacree,f ormudleLa atuersse a tsisse'rtitohnse u tbhjaoetfc t
feminiibsso mt "hni siadneod u tstihdee idoefogl eonegdr"y.6T h aits ,
womeanr ceo nstrtuhcrtoeudg h (gnaedon tdheferor r omsfi )d eoogly,
anfde miniiss mpt rhaec atniccdoe n sciooufts hnaeitsd seo oglsyl 'im
itas" ,de r-e-conisot"nr7T.u hcect ategooftr hyse u bcjtee,n taitlhien g
knowleadngdte h eex perioefbn ecie(n cgs otnrucatsae)w d o mani,s
centtroda eLl a urset thieso'reptriocjAaenlcd tt h.se u bjaesc tti,on p ic,
off eminiishse mdr o maaisna t heorist.
Theh istoarnidie tsi neorfaf reimeisns ihsamdp eeL aurewtoirsk' s
anhda vient urbne esnh apbeyid t B.o rinnI tailn1y 9 3a8n edd ucated
theirnle i tercaltausraseni,mdc o sd,e rn ladnegL uaaugreeemtsii,gs r ated
asa y ounmgo thteor tUhnei tSetda tients h mei d1-96osw,h erseh e
tuaghitn v ariIotuasld ieaprnat mebnetfso mroev itnogt hUen iversity
ofW isconsin-Miiln1w 9a6uT8kh.eeM e i lwauckaemep wuass a n
epiceonftt heer Ur.ecSe.p otfFi roenn acnhdB ritfiilsmth h eoarnyd
af avoreanbvlier onfmoern fithr esprtu bliciantfi ilomn saf nemdi nist
theoTrhyeb. o8o tkh aetm ergferdot mh piesr iAoldiD,c oese nm'atd,ae n
. 3 .
·INTROUDCTION·
imporitnatnetr vienbn ottifhoe nm inist tthhmeeao lrey- daonmdi nated
acadewmiyti hte sr uditioonft h(meaa nfdyei ws coeunrgsaegse d are
narroagtyeo,xl perimentaaln pdcs iyncehmoaa,na anlidyt gssri asc)e ful
rhetowrhiicoc,fh t deenl ivweirtehdec rriintgio qfmu aessc ultihneriyos.t
AilcDeo etsb nr'ouwgihdtve i siybt ioel mietrgfeenmti ntihseto retical
worokn fi lma,r ticulactoinncge apssttu hsmce ah l gea zaen "dw oman
as-imtaoggee"t whietnrha rratthievoaern ysd e mioitnaiw casyt hat
iss taiultlh oriDteaL taiuvreep.tu isshd eedb abteeyso tnhdre i gorous
bucti rcumswcorriokbn el da nguaangdtee xtubaeliintgy undertaken
byA nglo-Amfeermiicnains t psychoainnta hlrey9 8tosia,cn ds cholars
feminitshte ofiqrluymi cfkoluyan p dl aacte ctuhtet eidngogeff eminist
thougJhutsa.tsi9 m porttahnrto,tu hgeho rsiuzciahnp gp argeinvtea nss
"experisehneecn es,u"tr headtt hp eo tliiccaoln ceorfwn osm enc'usl
turparlo ducatniwdoo nm ens'tsu dpireosg rraemmsa ipneerdt itnoae nt
sometiimnessuf leamri nitsth e.ofi rlTymvh eer y otfAi iltclDeeo sen't
drawfnr oamp ieocfee p hemeafr eam,i nbiasntn er date2d9 ,O ctober
r9 7s -ipsr ovoc1a0I tti vjteoh.ice on nsc raenttdeh a eb strcaocuntrj,i ng
ah ero(iLneew Ciasr roolrpl e'rsh,a ps Aalniocatnehda)eg re stoufr e
unspeceibfiueeldnl,ti u rseaFflo.mr e t,h e salongtainc iopnaoetf e sd e
Laursem toissit'm porftoarnmtu laatbioofumentis n i"sTm[]:h cer itical
negatoifvi itttshy er yoa,n tdh aef firmaptoisvieto ifiv tipstoi ylt ics-is
both h[iisttsoc]ro incdailot fei xoins taennidct tesh eorectoincdailt ion
ofp ossi.b"iT1lh1ii tsy interdoeftp heenoadrneydan c ctei vism, history
anpdo tendteisaclra,i( bweosm emno'sv)e mreanttht ehraa nc ondition
ofs tasis.
In1 98d5eL aurehteirssm eolvfe adc,c ephteisrne gc olnnodg -term
acadepmoisci tSihojeno .i noetdhs eurgi e netrhiisn kseurcashsH ar
awaJya,m eCslf iofradn,d HaWyhdietinent hien terdisHciisptloirnya ry
ofC onsciopursongersaasttm h Uen iverosfCi atlyi foSranniCtara,u z.
DeL aurehtatisas u gahtUt C SCe vesri nwciet,ih n creafsrqieunegnlty,
signifiscooajurnntis n E uropTeec.h nloogoifeG send e,pr ublisah ed
fewy eaarfst tehrim so vei,si nforbmyeS da nCtrau zm'usl ticultural
femiininsqtua inradyc tivIints hmci.os l leacntidi nso unc ihn fluential
essays flrao1tme98 osta hneed a r1l9y9s a0 s" EccenSturbijce acntds "
"SexIunadflie freanncde LeRsebpiraetnsa etniwohni,c"h aipntp heea r
presveonltu dmeeL ,a ureitni sih,ne ri miatnadib nlsep iprrionsrgee ,
casftesm ihniisstto orfci uelst purroadlu crteifornad,me ebsaa treosu nd
sexudaiflfe retnhcaheta sde emeexdh ausatnegdde ,n erfaatre-sr each-
. 4 .
