Fifty Key Sociologists: The Formative Theorists

237 Pages·2006·0.91 MB·English

by  John Scott

FIFTY KEY SOCIOLOGISTS:
THE FORMATIVE THEORISTS
Fifty Key Sociologists: The Formative Theorists covers the life, work,
ideas and impact of some of the most important thinkers within this
discipline.Thisvolume concentrateson thosehistoricalfigureswhose
main writings were based in the nineteenth and early twentieth cen-
tury. A-Z entries make this bookeasy to navigate and figures covered
include:
(cid:1) Jane Addams
(cid:1) Theodor Adorno
(cid:1) Gyorgy Luka´cs
(cid:1) Pitirim Sorokin
(cid:1) Max Weber
Interested readers will find the ideas of theorists who were writing
predominantly in the second half of the twentieth century discussed
in Fifty Key Sociologists: The Contemporary Theorists.
John Scott is a Professorof Sociologyat the Universityof Essex. His
most recent books include Sociology: The Key Concepts (2006), Power
(Polity Press, 2001), Social Theory: Central Issues in Sociology (Sage,
2006) and, with James Fulcher, Sociology, (third edition 2007).
Also available from Routledge
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John Scott
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FIFTY KEY
SOCIOLOGISTS:
THE FORMATIVE
THEORISTS
Edited by John Scott
Firstpublished2007
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CONTENTS
Notes on contributors vii
Introduction xv
Jane Addams 3
Theodor Adorno 8
Charles Booth 14
Helen Bosanquet 17
Auguste Comte 21
Charles Cooley 26
Oliver Cox 31
W. E. B. DuBois 34
Emile Durkheim 40
Edward Evans-Pritchard 47
Sigmund Freud 50
Antonio Gramsci 54
Ludwig Gumplowicz 58
Maurice Halbwachs 61
Leonard Hobhouse 64
Fre´de´ric Le Play 68
Gyorgy Luka´cs 72
Bronislaw Malinowski 77
Karl Mannheim 81
Herbert Marcuse 86
T. H. Marshall 91
Harriet Martineau 94
Karl Marx 99
Marcel Mauss 110
George Herbert Mead 113
Lewis Morgan 118
Gaetano Mosca 121
Gunnar Myrdal 124
Vilfredo Pareto 128
v
CONTENTS
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown 131
Seebohm Rowntree 135
Ferdinand de Saussure 139
Max Scheler 143
Alfred Schutz 146
Georg Simmel 151
Albion Small 156
Werner Sombart 159
Pitirim Sorokin 162
Herbert Spencer 166
William Sumner 171
Gabriel Tarde 174
Alexis de Tocqueville 177
Ferdinand To¨nnies 183
Edward Tylor 186
Thorstein Veblen 188
Lester Ward 192
Lloyd Warner 196
Beatrice Webb 199
Max Weber 203
Florian Znaniecki 209
Index 214
vi
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Michael Asch is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Anthro-
pology at the University of Alberta and a Professor in the Depart-
ment of Anthropology at the University of Victoria. His research on
relations between First Nations people and Canada has appeared in
Kinship and the Drum Dance in a Northern Dene Community (University
of Alberta Press, 1988), Home and Native Land: Aboriginal Rights and
the Canadian Constitution (Methuen, 1984) and Aboriginal and Treaty
Rights in Canada (editor, Universityof British Columbia Press, 1998).
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
Richard Bellamy is Director, School of Public Policy, University
College London, Academic Director, European Consortium of Poli-
tical Research (ECPR), and co-editor, Critical Review of International
Social and Political Philosophy. His main books include Modern Italian
Social Theory: Ideology and Politics from Pareto to the Present (Stanford
University Press, 1987), Liberalism and Modern Society: An Historical
Argument (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992) and Liberalism
and Pluralism: Towards a Politics of Compromise (Routledge, 1999). He
is the editor of The Cambridge History of Twentieth Century Political
Thought (with Terence Ball, Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Robin Blackburn is Professor of Sociology at the University of
Essex, having studied and taught at theLSE and Oxfordin the1960s.
He has been a memberof the editorial committee of New Left Review
since 1962 and was editor from 1981 to 1999. He has been consult-
ing editor of Verso since 1970. Research interests include compara-
tive investigations of slavery and of contemporary financial
institutions. His publications include The Making of New World Slav-
ery: From the Baroque to the Modern (Verso, 1997), The Overthrow of
Colonial Slavery (Verso, 1988) and Banking on Death. Or, Investing in
Life: The History and Future of Pensions (Verso, 2002).
vii
NOTESONCONTRIBUTORS
Martin Bulmer is Professor of Sociology at the University of
Surrey and Director of the ESRC Social Survey Question Bank.
He also edits Ethnic and Racial Studies, the international journal
published by Routledge. His main research interests are in the
methodology of quantitative and qualitative social research, the his-
toryofsociologyand ofsocialresearch,andthestudyofethnicityand
race.
Eamonn Carrabine is Senior Lecturer in the Department of
Sociology at the University of Essex. His teaching and research
interests lie in the fields of criminology and cultural studies. His
books include Crime in Modern Britain (with Pamela Cox, Maggy Lee
and Nigel South, Oxford University Press, 2002), Criminology: A
Sociological Introduction (with Paul Iganski, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer
and Nigel South, Routledge, 2004) and Power, Discourse and Resis-
tance: AGenealogy of the Strangeways Prison Riot (Ashgate, 2004). He is
currently working on a book on Crime and the Media: Interrogating
Representations of Transgression in Popular Culture.
David Chalcraft is Professor of Classical Sociology, University of
Derby, and Visiting Fellow at Lancaster University. He has published
widely in the area of Weber studies and is the editor of The Protestant
Ethic Debate: Weber’s Replies to His Critics, 1907–1910 (with Austin
Harrington, Liverpool University Press, 2001). He is co-founder of
the international journal Max Weber Studies and editor of the mono-
graph series ‘Rethinking Classical Sociology’ (Ashgate Press).
James J. Chriss is currently Associate Professor of Sociology at
Cleveland State University. His main areas of interest are sociological
theory, crime and delinquency, the sociology of police and medical
sociology. His forthcoming book Social Control: History and Current
Controversies will be published by Polity Press.
Mary Jo Deegan is Professor of Sociology and Women’s Studies at
the Universityof Nebraska, Lincoln. She is authorof Jane Addamsand
the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918 (Transaction, 1988), Race,
Hull-House, and the University of Chicago: A New Conscience against
Ancient Evils (Praeger, 2002) and The New Woman of Color: The Col-
lected Writings ofFannie BarrierWilliams,1893–1918 (editor, Northern
IllinoisUniversityPress,2002),andsheeditedtherecentlydiscovered
edition of George Herbert Mead’s Essays in Sociology (Transaction,
2001).
viii
NOTESONCONTRIBUTORS
Karl Figlio is Director and Professor in the Centre for Psycho-
analytic Studies at the University of Essex and a practising psycho-
analytic psychotherapist. He is interested in the engagement of
clinically based psychoanalytic thinking and methods with socio-
logical thinking and methods. His publications include Psychoanalysis,
Science and Masculinity (Whurr Publishers, 2000).
Marcel Fournier is Professor of Sociology at Universite´ de Mon-
tre´al, Canada, and held the Killam Fellowship and Pathy Chair at
Princeton University from 2001 to 2003. He is the author of Culti-
vating Differences (with D. White, University of Chicago Press, l992),
Quebec Society (Prentice Hall, l996), Emile Durkheim, Lettres a` Marcel
Mauss (Presses Universitaires de France, 1998) and Marcel Mauss: A
Biography (Princeton University Press, 2005).
Robert L. A. Hancock is a Doctoral student in the Department of
History at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. He specia-
lizes in the study of indigenous peoples.
Johs. Hjellbrekke is Associate Professor, Department of Sociology,
University of Bergen, Norway. His recent publications include
Innføring i Korrespondanseanalyse (Fagbokforl, 1999), ‘Educational
Mobility Trajectories and Mobility Barriers in the Norwegian Social
Space’ (with Olav Korsnes, International Journal of Contemporary
Sociology, 2004), ‘Social Capital Structures in Norwegian E´lites’ (with
Olav Korsnes, Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning, 2005) and ‘The Nor-
wegian Field of Power’ (with others, European Societies, in press).
Susan Hoecker-Drysdale is Professor Emerita, Sociology, Con-
cordia University, Montre´al, and Retired Visiting Professor, Sociol-
ogy, the Universityof Iowa. She has been Visiting Fellow, Institute of
Historical Research, University of London, and Visiting Fellow,
School of Advanced Study, University of London. Her publications
include Harriet Martineau: First Woman Sociologist (Berg, 1992), Harriet
Martineau: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives (co-edited with
Michael R. Hill, Routledge, 2001) and Harriet Martineau: Studies of
America 1831–68 (8 vols, Thoemmes, 2004). In 2005 she received
the Distinguished Scholarly Achievement Award of the Section on
the History of Sociology, the American Sociological Association.
John Hoffman is Emeritus Professor of Political Theory, University
ofLeicester.Heistheauthorofmanyworks,includingTheGramscian
ix