Table Of ContentSustainable Development and Biodiversity 23
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
Shrivardhan Dheeman Editors
Field Crops:
Sustainable
Management
by PGPR
Sustainable Development and Biodiversity
Volume 23
Series Editor
Kishan Gopal Ramawat
Botany Department, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
(cid:129)
Shrivardhan Dheeman
Editors
Field Crops: Sustainable
Management by PGPR
123
Editors
DineshKumar Maheshwari Shrivardhan Dheeman
Department ofBotany andMicrobiology Department ofBotany andMicrobiology
Gurukul KangriUniversity Gurukul KangriUniversity
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ISSN 2352-474X ISSN 2352-4758 (electronic)
Sustainable Development andBiodiversity
ISBN978-3-030-30925-1 ISBN978-3-030-30926-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30926-8
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Preface
The sustainable management of field crops is a concern to cultivate them eco-
nomically and eco-safe ways so as to reduce the abusive use of harmful agro-
chemical not only creating a ‘soil-security’ but also posing several health-related
issuesinthehumanrace.Although,muchprogresshasbeenmadeinunderstanding
a technology-oriented sustainable agro-ecosystem, it is essential to involve the
frontiers of knowledge of PGPR’s roles to fill the gap between ever increasing
population and crop productivity.
In the recent scenario, field crops are geared up to feed the phenomenally
increasing population has largely become chemical based and input intensive. The
plateauing crop yields and falling inputs response have severely reduced the sus-
tainabilityofthecropecosystem.Inaddition,thereisagrowingawarenesstoshift
from chemical to organic agriculture.Thiswillpartiallyreduce thepressureonthe
chemicals demand to increase the credibility and sustainability to raise field crops
healthy.
Thepresentbookisanendeavortoprovidevoluminousinformationontheroleof
PGPR in sustainable management of field crop production and enhancement of
productivity. The main focus lies on different portrayals meant to establish signifi-
cance of PGPR in minerals, nutrition and their assimilation, alleviation of abiotic
stress of drought and salinity, influence of info-chemicals, in sustainable manage-
mentoffieldcrops.Thisnotonlyendswiththesecropsbutalsoexpandshorizonsto
theothervegetablespecies suchastomato, pepper, melon,radish,lettuce, etc. The
plant–microbesrelationshipsinsoil-ecologicalsystemandtheiraccuratebenefitsin
concerntoraisethequestiononthesafetyoffoodproductionbecomeimperativeto
adaptbiologicalfertilizationstrategythatmayminimizetheuseofchemicalinputs.
Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) becomes an effective solution to the
problem of mercury toxicity from the contaminated agricultural lands. These
beneficial PGPR impose drought tolerance by the production of exopolysaccha-
rides, phytohormone, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase,
volatilecompoundsandbyup-ordownregulationofstress-responsivegenesandby
altering root morphology during water scarcity. PGPR have abilities to induce
v
vi Preface
defense against insect herbivore. Some beneficial microbes also induce systemic
resistance (ISR) against microbial pathogenic viruses, parasites, and herbivorous
insects and some display direct insect pathogenicity.
Thisbookwillbevaluablenotonly forthescientificcommunitybutalso tothe
teachers,researchers,andstudentsstudyinggraduationandpostgraduationinvarious
streamsofAgriculture,Horticulture,Biotechnology,Microbiology,Phytopathology,
Agronomy,andEnvironmentalSciences.
We desire to acknowledge all the subject specialists, contributors, who were
quite cooperative to spare their cooperation and patience to make this book a
successful endeavor. Thanks are due to our research team members, who gener-
ouslyassistedinthecompilationandcompletionofthistask.Weextendoursincere
thanks to Dr. (Mrs.) R. Valeria and her colleagues for their valuable support to
facilitate completion of this project. Support from MHRD-UGC BSR fellowship
(DKM) is duly acknowledged.
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
Shrivardhan Dheeman
Contents
1 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Protagonists
of Ever-Sustained Agriculture: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari, Meenu Saraf and Shrivardhan Dheeman
2 Bacterial Mixtures, the Future Generation of Inoculants
for Sustainable Crop Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García, Antonino Baez,
Verónica Quintero-Hernández, Dalia Molina-Romero,
América Paulina Rivera-Urbalejo, Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas
and Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
3 Does PGPR and Mycorrhizae Enhance Nutrient Use Efficiency
and Efficacy in Relation to Crop Productivity?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Mahipal Choudhary, Vijay Singh Meena, Ram Prakash Yadav,
Manoj Parihar, Arunav Pattanayak, S. C. Panday, P. K. Mishra,
J. K. Bisht, M. R. Yadav, Mahaveer Nogia, S. K. Samal,
Prakash Chand Ghasal, Jairam Choudhary and Mukesh Choudhary
4 In Sustainable Agriculture: Assessment of Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria in Cucurbitaceous Vegetable Crops . . . . 69
Musa Seymen, Ertan Sait Kurtar, Atilla Dursun and Önder Türkmen
5 Harnessing Beneficial Bacillus in Productivity Improvement
of Food Security Crops of Himalayan Agro-Climatic Zones. . . . . . 105
Shrivardhan Dheeman, Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari,
Ramesh Chand Dubey, Sandeep Kumar, Nitin Baliyan
and Sandhya Dhiman
6 Utilization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Legume Root
Nodules for Plant Growth Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Winston Franz Ríos-Ruiz, Renzo Alfredo Valdez-Nuñez,
Eulogio J. Bedmar and Antonio Castellano-Hinojosa
vii
viii Contents
7 Plant–Microbes Relationships in Soil Ecological System
and Benefits Accruable to Food Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Lateef Bamidele Taiwo, Adedayo Omowumi Oyedele,
Bukola Victoria Ailenokhuoria and Oladapo Titus Okareh
8 The Role of Rhizobacterial Volatile Organic Compounds
in a Second Green Revolution—The Story so Far . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Darren Heenan-Daly, Siva L. S. Velivelli
and Barbara Doyle Prestwich
9 Potential of PGPR in Improvement of Environmental-Friendly
Vegetable Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Haluk Caglar Kaymak
10 Problem of Mercury Toxicity in Crop Plants: Can Plant Growth
Promoting Microbes (PGPM) Be an Effective Solution? . . . . . . . . . 253
Swapnil Sapre, Reena Deshmukh, Iti Gontia-Mishra
and Sharad Tiwari
11 Regulatory Role of Rhizobacteria to Induce Drought and Salt
Stress Tolerance in Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Humaira Yasmin, Asia Nosheen, Rabia Naz, Rumana Keyani
and Seemab Anjum
12 Growth and Yield of Field Crops Grown Under Drought Stress
Condition Is Influenced by the Application of PGPR . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Naeem Khan and Asghari Bano
13 Plant Growth Promotion and Suppression of Fungal Pathogens
in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Plant Growth-Promoting
Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Hassan Etesami
14 PlantGrowth-PromotingRhizobacteria-InducedDefenseAgainst
Insect Herbivores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Joseph Disi, Jocelyn Simmons and Simon Zebelo
15 Potential Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
(PGPR) on Enhancing Protection Against Viral Diseases . . . . . . . . 411
Ahmed R. Sofy, Mahmoud R. Sofy, Ahmed A. Hmed
and Noha K. El-Dougdoug
16 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Piyush Pandey
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 451
Contributors
Bukola Victoria Ailenokhuoria Institute of Agricultural Research and Training,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
Seemab Anjum COMSATS University Islamabad, Chak Shahazad, Islamabad,
Pakistan
Antonino Baez Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratorio de
Ecología Molecular Microbiana (LEMM), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias
Microbiológicas (CICM), Instituto de Ciencias (IC), Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Mexico
Nitin Baliyan Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakahnd, India
Asghari Bano Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt.,
Pakistan
Eulogio J. Bedmar Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems,
Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
J. K. Bisht ICAR–Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora,
Uttarakhand, India
Antonio Castellano-Hinojosa Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic
Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain;
Pharmacy Faculty, Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada,
Spain
Jairam Choudhary ICAR–Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research
Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
Mahipal Choudhary ICAR–Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora,
Uttarakhand, India
Mukesh Choudhary ICAR–ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research
Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
ix
