Fertility, Living Arrangements, Care and Mobility: Understanding Population Trends and Processes - Volume 1

254 Pages·2009·2.36 MB·English

by  Dylan Kneale

Fertility, Living Arrangements, Care and Mobility
Understanding Population Trends and Processes
Volume 1
SeriesEditor
J.Stillwell
In western Europe and other developed parts of the world, there are some very
significantdemographicprocessestaking place at the individual,household,com-
munity and national scales including the ageing of the population, the delay in
childbearing,the rise in childlessness, the increase in divorce,the fall in marriage
rates, the increase in cohabitation,the increase in mixed marriages, the change in
householdstructures,theriseinstep-parenting,andtheappearanceofnewstreams
of migration taking place both within and between countries. The relationships
betweendemographicchange,internationalmigration,labourand housing market
dynamics,careprovisionandintergenerationalattitudesarecomplextounderstand
andyetitisvitaltoquantifythetrendsandtounderstandtheprocesses.Similarly,it
iscriticaltoappreciatewhatthepolicyconsequencesareforthetrendsandprocesses
thathavebecomeapparent.Thisserieshasitsrootsinunderstandingandanalyzing
thesetrendsandprocesses.
Thisserieswillbeofinteresttoawiderangeofindividualswithinterestsindemo-
graphicandsocialchange,includingdemographers,populationgeographers,soci-
ologists,economists,politicalscientists,epidemiologistsandhealthresearchersand
wellaspractitionersandcommentatorsacrossthesocialsciences.
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8113
Fertility, Living Arrangements,
Care and Mobility
Understanding Population Trends
and Processes - Volume 1
Editedby
JohnStillwell
UniversityofLeeds,UK
ErnestinaCoast
LondonSchoolofEconomics,UK
and
DylanKneale
InstituteofEducation,UniversityofLondon,UK
123
Editors
ProfessorJohnStillwell Dr.ErnestinaCoast
UniversityofLeeds LondonSchoolofEconomics
SchoolofGeography Dept.SocialPolicy
Fac.EarthandEnvironment HougtonSt.
WoodhouseLane London
Leeds UnitedKingdomWC2A2AE
UnitedKingdomLS29JT [email protected]
[email protected]
DylanKneale
UniversityofLondon
Inst.Education
20BedfordWay
London
UnitedKingdomWC1H0AL
[email protected]
ISSN 8113
ISBN 978-1-4020-9681-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9682-2
DOI10.1007/978-1-4020-9682-2
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008942396
(cid:2)c SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2009
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwritten
permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurpose
ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Foreword
One of the great undertapped sources of social science research has been the
plethora of data from wonderful surveys and censuses, available for secondary
analysis through the Economic and Social Data Service or elsewhere, which do
notreceivetherichandthoroughanalysistheydeserve.
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has attempted to address
this in two ways: througha sustained programmeof methodsdevelopmentled by
theNationalCentreforResearchMethodsandbydevelopingthecapacityofsocial
scientiststoundertakethesecondaryanalysisoflargedatasets.Thisbookcontainsa
seriesofessaysfromsomeoftheresearchersontheverysuccessful‘Understanding
PopulationTrendsandProcesses’(UPTAP)scheme.
These essays are on linked themes of fertility, living arrangements, care and
mobilitywhicharecentraltooneofESRC’skeypriorities.AsUKsocietybecomes
ever more diverse, understanding the seismic changes occurring in the UK pop-
ulation has become increasingly more important and the need to develop policy
responseshasbecomemoreurgent.Thisexcellentbookprovidessomeexcitingand
thoughtfulinsightsintosomeimportantareasofbothresearchandpolicyformation.
FinallyIwouldliketothankJohnStillwell,whohasdirectedtheprogrammewith
alacrity and drivefor all his work, notonly in the programmebut, with Ernestina
Coastand DylanKneale, on the productionof this excellentvolume,the first ofa
seriesonUnderstandingPopulationTrendsandProcesses.
Swindon IanDiamond
September2008
v
Preface
The world is changing rapidly and population dynamics are a hugely important
dimension of global transformation. Demographic restructuring is one of the big
challengesofthetwenty-firstcentury.Notonlydothecomponentsandcomplexion
ofpopulationchangeprovideafascinatingarenafortheresearchcommunity,they
presentquestionsofcriticalimportanceforpractitionersandpolicymakers.
Thisbookisthefirst ina serieson‘UnderstandingPopulationTrendsandPro-
cesses’,allofwhicharebasedonresearchcontributionstoourknowledgeofdiffer-
entaspectsofpopulationstructureanddistribution,allofwhichinvolvetheanalysis
ofsecondarydatafromcensuses,surveysoradministrativerecords,andallofwhich
reportresultsforBritain(andelsewhereinEuropeinsomecases).
This volume brings together a series of studies that focus particularly on the
householdandtherolesofadultsandchildren.Particularattentionispaidtostudies
of bearing and raising children, of living together or alone, of caring for those
in need, and of moving home or changing school – hence the four cross-cutting
themesthatconstitutethesubtitleofthebook–fertility,livingarrangements,care
andmobility.
Leeds,UK JohnStillwell
London,UK ErnestinaCoast
London,UK DylanKneale
September2008
vii
Acknowledgements
AlltheresearchreportedinthisvolumehasbeenfundedbytheUKEconomicand
SocialResearch Council(ESRC) aspartof the ‘UnderstandingPopulationTrends
and Processes’ (UPTAP) programme. John Stillwell, the programme director, is
gratefulforthesupporthehasreceivedfromstaffattheESRC,particularlyJeremy
Neathy,MikeBright,JoDuffy,JenniferEdwardsandHeathBampton.
The editors would like to thank the contributors for providing draft chapters
on time and respondingto editorialcomments so promptly.Thanks also to David
Appleyard in the Graphics Unit at the School of Geography,University of Leeds
whohasdoneagreatjobinredrawingallthefiguresinaconsistentstyle.
ix
Contents
1 Fertility,LivingArrangements,CareandMobility ................. 1
DylanKneale, ErnestinaCoastandJohnStillwell
2 DelayedChildbearingandChildlessness .......................... 23
RoonaSimpson
3 Women’sEducationandChildbearing:AGrowingDivide .......... 41
SarahSmithandAnitaRatcliffe
4 The Timing of Motherhood, Mothers’ Employment and Child
Outcomes...................................................... 59
KirstineHansen, DeniseHawkesandHeatherJoshi
5 EarlyParenthood:DefinitionandPredictioninTwoBritishCohorts . 81
DylanKneale
6 CurrentlyCohabiting:RelationshipAttitudes,Expectationsand
Outcomes......................................................105
ErnestinaCoast
7 LivingArrangements,HealthandWell-Being......................127
HarrietYoungand EmilyGrundy
8 StepparentingandMentalHealth ................................151
Peteke Feijten, Paul Boyle, Zhiqiang Feng, Vernon Gayle
and ElspethGraham
9 GrandparentsandtheCareofTheirGrandchildren................171
AlisonSmithKoslowski
xi
xii Contents
10 InternalMigrationandInter-householdRelationships..............191
OliverDuke-Williams
11 ExploringDimensionsofSchoolChangeDuringPrimaryEducation
inEngland.....................................................211
JoanWilson
Index .............................................................239