Table Of ContentFeline Diagnostic Imaging
Feline Diagnostic Imaging
Edited by
Merrilee Holland, DVM, MS, DACVR
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Auburn University
Auburn, AL, USA
Judith Hudson, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVR
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Auburn University
Auburn, AL, USA
This edition first published 2020
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material
from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Merrilee Holland and Judith Hudson to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in
accordance with law.
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions
of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and
should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient.
In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating
to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert
or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and
for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties,
including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or
extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or
product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors
endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with
the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be
suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this
work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be
liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Holland, Merrilee, editor. | Hudson, Judith A., 1949– editor.
Title: Feline diagnostic imaging / edited by Merrilee Holland, Judith
Hudson.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2020. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019055453 (print) | LCCN 2019055454 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781118840948 (hardback) | ISBN 9781118840832 (adobe pdf) |
ISBN 9781118840894 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Cat Diseases–diagnostic imaging | Cats–anatomy &
histology | Diagnostic Imaging–veterinary | Atlas
Classification: LCC SF985 (print) | LCC SF985 (ebook) | NLM SF 985 | DDC
636.8089/60754–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019055453
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019055454
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: Ultrasonography image of cat’s organ © Merrilee Holland; Radiological image of cat’s organ © Merrilee Holland; Cat in Blanket
© Judith Hudson; Cat Spine x-ray image © Martha M. Larson; Cat with big eyes © Merrilee Holland
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Stephen Waters, my life partner and friend.
In memory of my sister, Joy, and my parents Patricia and Bruce.
To all my current and departed cats which have enriched my entire life.
Merrilee Holland
To Bill Hudson, my husband and best friend.
And to Mike, Patricia, Colleen, Joey, and Daniel.
In memory of Wally.
Judith Hudson
vii
Contents
List of Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Section 1 Advanced Imaging Techniques 1
1 Digital Radiography 3
Robert Cole and Adrien-Maxence Hespel
2 Principles of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 13
Robert Cole and Adrien-Maxence Hespel
3 Ultrasound: Physical Principles of Ultrasound Imaging 27
Robert Cole and Adrien-Maxence Hespel
4 Nuclear Imaging 37
William Brawner
Section 2 Imaging the Neurologic System 47
5 Diagnostic Imaging of Diseases of the Skull 49
Shannon P. Holmes
6 Imaging the Feline Neurologic System 77
Shannon P. Holmes
7 Normal Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit 113
Eva M. Abarca
8 Diseases of the Eye 129
Eva M. Abarca
Section 3 Imaging the Thorax 151
9 Normal Radiographic Anatomy 153
Martha M. Larson
viii Contents
10 Normal Cardiovascular Imaging 161
Merrilee Holland
11 Advanced Imaging Modalities 179
Martha M. Larson
12 Congenital Heart Disease 193
Merrilee Holland
13 Acquired Heart Disease 205
Merrilee Holland
14 Feline Pulmonary Disease 253
Martha M. Larson
15 Thoracic Cavity 281
Martha M. Larson
16 Trachea 287
Martha M. Larson
17 Mediastinal Disease 293
Martha M. Larson
18 Pleura 305
Martha M. Larson
19 Diaphragm 315
Martha M. Larson
20 Thorax 323
Martha M. Larson
Section 4 Imaging the Abdomen 331
21 Normal Gastrointestinal Anatomy 333
Judith Hudson
22 Gastrointestinal Disease 347
Judith Hudson
23 Liver 381
Martha M. Larson
24 Pancreas 407
Merrilee Holland
25 Adrenal Gland 427
Merrilee Holland
Contents ix
26 Normal Urinary System 439
Judith Hudson
27 Urinary Disease 455
Judith Hudson
28 Reproduction 487
Judith Hudson and Aime Johnson
29 Hemolymphatic System 503
Judith Hudson
30 Peritoneal Cavity 529
Merrilee Holland
31 Body Wall 557
Merrilee Holland
Section 5 Imaging the Musculoskeletal System 579
32 Overview of the Musculoskeletal System 581
Robert Cole and Adrien-Maxence Hespel
Index 621
xi
List of Contributors
Eva M. Abarca, LV, MS, DACVO Shannon P. Holmes, DVM, MSc, DACVR
Head of Ophthalmology Animal Cross‐Sectional Imaging Specialists
Hospital Ars Veterinaria Athens, GA, USA
Barcelona, Spain
Judith A. Hudson, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVR
William Brawner, DVM, PhD, DACVR Professor Emeritus of Diagnostic Imaging
Professor Emeritus of Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn, AL, USA
Auburn, AL, USA
Aime Johnson, DVM, DACT
Robert Cole, DVM, DACVR Associate Professor of Theriogenology
Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn, AL, USA
Auburn, AL, USA
Martha M. Larson, DVM, MS, DACVR
Adrien-Maxence Hespel, DVM, MS, DACVR Professor of Radiology
Assistant Professor of Radiology Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tennessee Virginia Tech
Knoxville, TN, USA Blacksburg, VA, USA
Merrilee Holland, DVM, MS, DACVR
Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Auburn, AL, USA
xiii
Preface
Cats have reportedly overtaken the numbers of dogs to section reviews advanced imaging modalities currently
become the most popular pet in the United States and used in veterinary medicine with a basic review of the
Europe. We were able to partly indulge our love of cats when advantages and disadvantages of each. The remaining
were invited by Gary Norsworthy to write the feline imaging sections on neurologic, thoracic, abdominal, and musculo-
section for The Feline Patient. Our greatest problem was skeletal systems include radiographic, ultrasonographic,
deciding which images to include or, more importantly, and advanced imaging studies of common disorders in our
which images to exclude. There were so many great educa- feline patients. Some sections include chapters dedicated to
tional examples that we wanted to share. This book allows normal anatomy: the eye/orbit, thorax, cardiovascular, gas-
us to show some of those images as well as newer examples. trointestinal, and urinary systems. Cases were selected to
We have also been able to show examples of computed enhance understanding of normal anatomy and common
tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear scin- abnormalities. We are indebted to our contributors and
tigraphy in addition to radiography and ultrasonography. their many associates who provided quality content and
The goal of this book is to provide an overview of imaging images for this project.
findings in the normal and diseased feline patient. The first
