feasiblity of offshore wind substructures in arctic environments addendum

253 Pages·2015·9.46 MB·English

by  Steven Maier

MSc. Thesis
Delft University of Technology
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences

FEASIBLITY OF OFFSHORE WIND SUBSTRUCTURES IN
ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS

ADDENDUM – LITERATURE STUDY

Steven Maier
August 2015

Delft University of Technology
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences
Stevinweg 1
2628 CN Delft
The Netherlands
[phone]
Author: Steven Maier

Email: [email protected]
Tel: [phone]
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ADDENDUM
LITERATURE STUDY

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PREFACE
As part of the thesis work an extensive literature study was performed regarding all facets
related to offshore wind and arctic engineering. The results of the literature study are used
to form a foundation for the performed case study. This addendum provides an overview of
all literature that was examined as part of the scope of work for the thesis report.

This addendum contains all references regarding the relevant scientific articles, research
papers, thesis reports, design standards, books and the curriculum of the TU Delft. The
addendum is intended to provide a full background overview regarding related subject to the
thesis report. In addition, the references contained within the thesis report relate to the
overviews presented in this addendum. Not all literature examined during the literature study
has been used or referenced to in writing of the thesis report. However, since the data had
already been generated during the literature study, these unused references are still
contained within this addendum for further reference.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 1 – Articles on the Arctic Environment ........................................................................... 7
1.1 Overview of Summarised Articles ................................................................................. 7
1.2 Overview of Non-Summarised Articles ......................................................................... 8
Chapter 2 – Articles on Ice Mechanics ........................................................................................ 12
2.1 Overview of Summarised Articles ............................................................................... 12
2.2 Overview of Non-Summarised Articles ....................................................................... 13
Chapter 3 – Articles on Offshore Arctic Engineering .................................................................. 16
3.1 Overview of Summarised Articles ............................................................................... 16
3.2 Overview of Non-Summarised Articles ....................................................................... 17
Chapter 4 – Articles on Offshore Wind Engineering ................................................................... 19
4.1 Overview of summarised articles ................................................................................ 19
4.2 Overview of Non-summarised articles ........................................................................ 20
Chapter 5 – Research Reports and Thesis Reports ..................................................................... 22
5.1 Overview Research Reports – Arctic Environment ..................................................... 22
5.2 Overview Research Reports – Ice Mechanics ............................................................. 23
5.3 Overview Research Reports – Arctic Engineering ....................................................... 23
5.4 Overview Research Reports – Offshore Wind Engineering ......................................... 24
5.5 Overview Research Reports – Non-Summarised ........................................................ 25
Chapter 6 – Overview of Design Standards ................................................................................. 26
Chapter 7 – Overview of Books ................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 8 – Overview of TUD Curriculum ................................................................................... 28
Chapter 9 – Overview of Web-Based and Image References ..................................................... 29
Appendix A – Summary of Articles Related to Arctic Environment ............................................ 32
Appendix B – Summary of Articles Related to Ice Mechanics .................................................... 76
Appendix C – Summary of Articles Related to Offshore Arctic Engineering ............................. 126
Appendix D – Summary of Articles Related to Offshore WIND Engineering ............................ 173
Appendix E – Summary of Research and Thesis Reports .......................................................... 214
Appendix F – Summary of Design Standards ............................................................................ 241
Appendix G – Summary of Books .............................................................................................. 247
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CHAPTER 1 – ARTICLES ON THE ARCTIC
ENVIRONMENT
This chapter contains the overview of the scientific articles or research papers with relevant
information about the Arctic Environment. The articles are focused on the environmental
aspects of mainly the Barents and Baltic Seas. The Barents Sea was chosen as a reference
area during the literature study, and the Baltic Sea was determined to be more suitable for
the scope of the thesis.

Some parts of the large collection of articles are summarized, and other parts are included
without performing an in-depth summary. An overview is presented of both the summarized
and the not-summarized articles and papers in the following paragraphs. Summaries of the
articles are included under Appendix A. Each article or paper is referenced and catalogued
to correspond with the list of references contained in the thesis report.
1.1 OVERVIEW OF SUMMARISED ARTICLES
1.01 Title: A study of the climatic system in the Barents Sea
Published by: B. Adlaridsuik & H. Loeng Bergen, NOR 1991
1.02 Title: Anisotropy of Moderate and Strong Wind in Baltic
Published by: T. Soomere & S. Keevallik Tallinn, EST 2001
1.03 Title: Atmospheric Forcing on the Barents Sea Winter Ice Extent
Published by: A. Sorteberg & B. Kvingedal Bergen, NOR 2006
1.04 Title: Barents Sea drift ice characteristics
Published by: T.Vinje & A.S. Kvambekk Oslo, NOR 1990
1.05 Title: Regional Reference: Barents Sea
Published by: Fugro Trondheim, NOR 2005
Features of the physical oceanographic conditions of the
1.06 Title:
Barents Sea
Published by: H. Loeng Bergen, NOR 1991
Identifying Critical Sources of Bridge Deterioration in Cold
1.07 Title:
Regions
Published by: Yail J. Kim & D. K. Yoon North Dakota, USA 2009
1.08 Title: Sea ice in the Baltic Sea
M. Granskog, H. Kaartokallio &
Published by: Rovaniemi, FIN 2006
H. Kuosa
Simulation of currents, ice melting, and vertical mixing in the
1.09 Title:
Barents Sea using a 3-D baroclinic mode
Published by: K. Stble-Hansen & D. Slagstad Trondheim, NOR 1991
1.10 Title: The Baltic Sea – Environment and Ecology
Published by: E. Furman & H. Salemaa Helsinki, FIN 2004
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Meteoric Ice contribution and influence of weather on landfast
1.11 Title:
ice growth in the Gulf of Finland
J.Uusikivi, M.A. Granskog &
Published by: Helsinki, FIN 2011
E.Sonninen
1.12 Title: Geophysics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea
Published by: T. Vihma & J. Haapala Helsinki, FIN 2009
Statisctical properties of sea ice surface topology in the Baltic
1.13 Title:
Sea
Published by: J. E. Lewis & M. Leppäranta Quebec, CAN 1992
1.14 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Season in the 20th Century
Published by: S. Jevrejeva & V. V. Drabkin Birkenhead, UK 2004
1.15 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Breaking Reports 2007-2010
Published by: Baltic Icebreaking Managment Helsinki, FIN 2010
Simulating the Baltic Sea ice season with a coupled ice-ocean
1.16 Title:
model
Published by: J. Haapala & M. Leppäranta Helsinki, FIN 1996
Ice Dynamics in the Bothnian Bay inferred from ADCP
1.17 Title:
measurements
Published by: G. Björk & C. Nohr Göteborg, SWE 2007
1.18 Title: Ice Ridges in the Coastal Area of Finland
Published by: E. Palosuo Helsinki, FIN 1971
1.19 Title: Physical Oceanography of Baltic Sea – Synthesis
Published by: K. Myrberg Klaipeda, LIT 2008
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea
1.20 Title:
ice in the Baltic Sea
Published by: A.Herman & J. Jedrasik Gdynia, PL 2011
1.21 Title: Design Ice Load Level in the Baltic Sea
Published by: S. Hänninen Espoo, FIN 2003

1.2 OVERVIEW OF NON-SUMMARISED ARTICLES
1.22 Title: A case study of a polar low development over the Barents Sea
Published by: E. Rasmussen Copenhagen, DK 1985
An enhanced sea-ice thermodynamic model applied to the Baltic
1.23 Title:
sea
Published by: L. Tedesco & M. Vichi Helsinki, FIN 2009
Assessment of Future Wave Climate on basis of Wind-Wave-
1.24 Title:
Correlations and Climate Change Scenarios
Published by: N. Dreler & C. Schlamkow Rostock, PL 2011
Baltic Sea Climate - 200 Years of data on air temperature, sea
1.25 Title:
level variation, ice cover, and atmospheric oscillation
Published by: A. Omstedt & C. Pettersen Göteborg, SWE 2004
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1.26 Title: SMHI – The Baltic Sea
Published by: M. Meier Norrköping, SWE 2012
1.27 Title: Hydrographic processes and changes in the Baltic Sea
Published by: J.S. Møler & I.S. Hansen Hørsholm, DK 1994
Ice thickness, growth and salinity in Van Mijenfjorden, Svalbard,
1.28 Title:
Norway
Published by: K.V. Høyland Svalbard, NOR 2009
1.29 Title: An ice drift model for the Baltic Sea
Published by: M. Leppäranta Helsinki, FIN 1981
Ice-Force measurements at the Gulf of Bothnia by the
1.30 Title:
instrumented Kemi-1 lighthouse
Published by: M. Määttänen Oulu, FIN 1977
1.31 Title: Ice Management Requirement in the Baltic Sea
Published by: M. Juva & K. Riska Sjöfartsverket, SWE 2002
Influence of the Arctic Oscillation and El Nino-Southern
1.32 Title:
Oscillation on ice conditions in the Baltic Sea
Published by: S. Jevrejeva & J.C. Moore Birkenhead, UK 2003
Investigation on the Impact of Seasonally Frozen Soil on Seismic
1.33 Title:
Response of Bridge Piers
L.M. Wotherspoon & S.
Published by: Auckland, NZ 2010
Sritharan
Investigations into the Physical and Chemical properties of Baltic
1.34 Title:
Sea Ice
Published by: M. Granskog Helsinki, FIN 2004
Long-term changes in the Baltic Sea Ice Regime in the Baltic
1.35 Title:
Sea near the Estonian Coast
Published by: J. Sooäär & J. Jaagus Tartu, EST 2007
Modeling the evolution of snow, snow ice and ice in the Baltic
1.36 Title:
Sea
Published by: T.M. Saloranta Helsinki, FIN 1999
Numerical Modeling of the Wave Climate in the Southern Baltic
1.37 Title:
Sea
Published by: S. Blomgren & M. Larson Lund, SWE 2001
1.38 Title: Nummerical Simulation of Sea Ice Drift in the Gulf of Bothnia
Published by: Z.H. Zhang & M. Leppäranta Helsinki, FIN 2009
Oceanographic studies of the Baltic Sea with emphasis on sea
1.39 Title:
ice and mixing processes
Published by: C. Nohr Göteborg, SWE 2009
1.40 Title: Evidence about climate changes and shifts in the Baltic Sea
Published by: Tarmo Soomere Tallinn, EST 2007
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1.41 Title: One hundred years of hydrographic measurements
Published by: S. Fonselius & J. Valerrama Västra Frölunda, SWE 2003
Simulations and Measurements of Mesoscale Flow Modifications
1.42 Title:
in the Baltic Sea Area
Published by: K. Törnblom & C. Johansson Uppsala, SWE 2002
1.43 Title: Singular Spectrum Analysis of Baltic Sea Ice
Published by: S. Jevrejeva & J.C. Moore Tallinn, EST 2001
1.44 Title: Statistics on Ice Loads measured in the Baltic
Published by: K.P. Suominen & M. Riska Helsinki, FIN 2009
Study on the Transition Zone between Fast Ice and Drifting Ice
1.45 Title:
in the Bothnian Bay
Published by: S. Sandven & M. Lundhaug Bergen, NOR 1999
Trends in Sea Ice conditions in the Baltic Sea and the
1.46 Title:
Relationship to large scale atmospheric circulation
Published by: J. Jaagus Tartu, EST 1983
Simulated sea level in past and future climates of
1.47 Title:
the Baltic Sea
Published by: M. Meier & B. Broman Norrköping, SWE 2006
Validation and correction of regionalized ERA-40 wind fields over
1.48 Title:
the Baltic Sea using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere model
A. Höglund, M. Meier, B.
Published by: Norrköping, SWE 2009
Broman & E. Kriezi
Long-term characteristics of simulated ice deformation in the
1.49 Title:
Baltic Sea (1962–2007)
Published by: U. Löptien & S. Mårtensson Norrköping, SWE 2013
Estimation of Local Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea for Offshore
1.50 Title:
Wind Turbine Design
Published by: M. Tikanmäki & J.Heinonen Espoo, FIN 2012
1.51 Title: OWEC Ice Loads in Landfast Ice Zone
Published by: M.Määttänen & K. Vähätaini Espoo, FIN 2013
1.52 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Breaking Report 2010-2011
Published by: Baltic Icebreaking Managment Helsinki, FIN 2011
1.53 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Breaking Report 2011-2012
Published by: Baltic Icebreaking Helsinki, FIN 2012
1.54 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Breaking Report 2012-2013
Published by: Baltic Icebreaking Helsinki, FIN 2013
1.55 Title: Baltic Sea Ice Breaking Report 2013-2014
Published by: Baltic Icebreaking Helsinki, FIN 2014
Submarine Holocene sedimentary disturbances in the Gulf of
1.56 Title:
Bothnia
Published by: A. Kotilainena & K.L. Hutri Espoo, FIN 2003
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