Fats and oils in human nutrition : report of a joint expert consultation : Rome, 19-26 October 1993

160 Pages·1994·5.3 MB·English

by  FAO. Ger

Fatsand oils FOODAFNADO
in human nutrition NUTRPIATPIEORN
Reportofajointexpertconsultation
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Fatsandoils FOODAFNADO
NUTRITION
1 in human nutrition PAPER
57
Reportofajointexpertconsultation
Organizedbythe
FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations
andthe
WorldHealthOrganization
Rome,19-26October1993
WORLD
HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
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OArgrgiacnuilztautrieon
otUNfhnaeittieodns
Rome,1994
lal
,
Reprinted1998
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Participants xi
Reviewersandcontributors XV
Chapter1 1
Introduction
Generalconclusionsandrecommendations
oftheconsultation
Chapter2 9
Compositionofdietaryfat
Chapter3 11
Aspectsoffatdigestionandmetabolism
Chapter4 25
Globaltrendsintheavailability
ofediblefatsandoils
Chapter5 33
Processingandrefiningedibleoils
Chapter6 45
Selectedusesoffatsandoilsinfood
Chapter7 49
Lipidsinearlydevelopment
Chapter8 57
Health,obesityandenergyvaluesofdietaryfat
Chapter9 65
Coronaryheartdiseaseandlipoproteins
Chapter10 73
Isomericfattyacids
This One
4Q6C-5FO-NHB7
Chapter11 81
Canceranddietaryfat
Chapter12 89
Dietaryfatandimmuneresponse
Chapter13 95
Dietaryfat,hypertensionandstroke
Chapter14 99
Non-glycerideconstituentsoffats
Chapter15 103
Nutritionlabelling
Annex 107
Bibliography U2
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V
Tables
2*1 Somedietaryfattyacids 11
4*1 Availabilityoffatsandfatenergyratio 26
byeconomicgroup(1961-1990)
4*2 Totalfatsavailablepercaput/dayand 26
meanfatenergyratioin165countries
(1988-1990)
4*3 Contributionoffatsandoilsbyfoodsgroupsin1990 20
1*1 Averagefattyacidvaluesofmaturehumanmilkin 52
EuropeandAfrica
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Figures
2J. Diagramoffattyacids IQ
2.2 Structureofcisandironsdoublebonds 12
2.3 Diagramofacylglycerides 12
2.4 Diagramofphospholipids 13
2.5 Diagramoftocopherolandtocotrienol 13
2*6 Diagramofq-caroteneandB-carotene 14
2.7 Cholesterolandseveralplantsterols 15
2J1 Chemicalstructurefororyzanol(24-methylene- 16
cycloartanolesterofferulicacid)
3.1 Theinfluenceofdietaryfatonlipoprotein 13
metabolism
33 Sequenceofconversionsofunsaturated 2Q
fattyacids
13 Theeicosanoidcascade 23
43 Availabilityoffatspercaput/dayindeveloped 22
anddevelopingcountries(1961-1990)
43 Fatavailablebyincomeperpersonin134countries 28
(1989)
43 Fatenergyratioinrural,suburbanandmetropolitan 29
areasof5Brazilianregions
4.4 Changeinvegetableoilavailabilityindeveloped 31
anddevelopingregions
53 Formationofvariousartefactsinsoybeanoil 32
underextremeconditionsofheattreatment
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vii
5.2 Transfattyacidformationduringhightemperature 38
deodorisationofvariousoils
5.3 Reductionoftocopherol(A)andsterol(B)content 41
ofsoybeanoilduringbleachingandsevereheat
treatment(time=2hours)
9.1 Effectsofindividualdietaryfattyacids 68
onserumtotalandlipoproteincholesterol
10.1 InfluenceoftransfattyacidsonLDLandHDL 77
cholesterollevels
11.1 Relativechangesinfatintakeandageadjusted 84
mortalityfrombreastandcoloncancerinJapan
11.2 Relativeriskofcolonandbreastcancerbyanimal 84
fatintake
11.3 Dietaryfatinrelationtocanceratspecificsites 87
12.1 Roleofeicosanoidsinregulationofimmunological 90
andinflammatoryprocesses
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Acknowledgements
FAOandWHOexpresstheirgratitudeforthecontributionsoftheexperts
whoparticipatedinthisconsultation. Anumberoftheparticipatingexperts
pbarseipsarfeodrtdhreafttexptaopfertshewchhiacpht,erasftoefrtdhiisscruespsoirotn.aFndAOamaennddmWeHntO,aflsoormweidshthteo
thankthemanyotherexpertswhocontributedpapers,andreviewedand
modifiedthedraftpaperspriortotheconsultation. Specialappreciationis
offeredtoDrMarkHegsted, whoservedasChairmanoftheExpert
Consultationandprovidedguidanceinthepreparationofthereport. The
effortsofDrJoyceBeare-Rogers,whoundertookthelargetaskofassisting
thetwoorganizationsin preparing fortheconsultation,compilingand
reviewingdraft papers, and developing the final report are gratefully
acknowledged.
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i
FAO/WHOexpertconsultationonfatsandoilsinhumannutrition X
Participants
K.T.Achaya G.Bray
282HundredFeetRoad PenningtonBiomedicalResearchCenter
Indiranagar,Bangalore560038 DepartmentofMedicine
India LouisianaStateUniversity
6400PerkinsRoad
BatonRouge,LA70808-4124
USA
MohamedSalehHamedAl-Jasir*
NutritionDepartment
MinistryofHealth
Riyadh K.K.Carroll
SaudiArabia CenterforHumanNutrition
•(Unabletoattend) DepartmentofBiochemistry
UniversityofWesternOntario
London,OntarioN6A5C1
Canada
AbigailAndah
FP.oOo.dBRoesxeaMrc2h0Institute
MinistryPostOfficeBranch M.A.Crawford
Accra InstituteofBrainChemistryandHuman
Ghana Nutrition
QueenElizabethHospitalforChildren
HackneyRoad
LondonE28PS
JoyceBeare-Rogers UnitedKingdom
41OkanaganDrive
Nepean,Ontario,K2H7E9
Canada
RicardoUauyDagach
InstituteofNutritionandFoodTechnology
UniversityofChile,
MarkA.Bieber Casilla15138
BestFoodsTechnicalCenter Santiago11
150PierceSt. Chile
CallBox6710
Somerset,NJ08873-6710
USA
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