Fate And Prediction Of Environmental Chemicals In Soils, Plants, And Aquatic Systems

302 Pages·2018·13.69 MB·English

by  Mansour

Fate and Prediction
Environmental Chemicals
in
Soils, Plants, and
Aquatic Systems

Fate and Prediction
of
Environmental Chemicals
in
Soils, Plants, and
Aqua tic Sy t ems
S
Edited by
Mohammed Mansour
Boca Raton London New York
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First published 1993 by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fate and prediction of environmental chemicals in soils, plants, and
aquatic systems / edited by Mohammed Mansour.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87371-616-7 (acid-free paper)
1. Pesticides--Environmental aspects. 2. Soil pollution.
3. Water, Underground--Pollution. 4. Plants, Effect of pesticides
on. I. Mansour, Mohammed.
TD879.P37F38 1993
628.5’2—dc20 92-42304
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 92042304
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ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89290-0 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07200-7 (ebk)
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We gave these proceedings the title "Study and Prediction of Pesticides Be-
haviour in Soils, Plants, and Aquatic Systems" because we want to show our
efforts in identifying, interpreting, and predicting environmental impact of dif-
ferent substance classes.
The workshop attempted to review concepts and ideas regarding environmental
development and to examine the distribution and effects of these substance classes
in different environmental compartments. Therefore the meeting aimed to link
knowledge of chemistry with the environmental problems to be solved by chem-
ical methods. Any pollution control action today must take into consideration
not only the soil contamination and water problems but also air pollution. These
proceedings are intended to provide guidance to scientists and researchers as
well as people involved in regulatory action, monitoring work, and estimating
the hazard of chemical substances in ecosystems. It is hoped that these topics
will catalyze further research on the persistence, toxicity, distribution, accu-
mulation, metabolization, and transformation of pesticides and other environ-
mental chemicals of similar structures and properties. This third workshop at-
tracted participants from different countries and the discussions were intense.
The participants had differing backgrounds and skills, all of them relevant to
aspects of the meeting topics.
As organizer of the workshop I wish to take this opportunity to express my
thanks to GSF-Forschungszentrumf ur Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH Munched
Neuherberg and to the CongreS-Dienst for the invaluable assistance rendered in
the preparatory work for the meeting as well as their cordial hospitality and
assistance during the event in Neuherberg.
I would like to express my personal gratitude to the many scientists of different
countries who attended the workshop and contributed to its success with their
presentations, posters, and discussions. Finally, I hope that all the information
in these procedings will stimulate further research in such an exciting field.
Mohammed Mansour
Mohammed Mansour, Ph.D., is a research chemist at
the Center for Environment and Health [G.S.F.] Neuher-
berg-Munich, Germany. Dr. Mansour was born in 1942
in Casablanca, Morocco. He received a degree in Chem-
istry (1973) and Ph.D. in the field of Organic Chemistry
and Pharmacology (1975), both from the University of
Bonn. He spent a few months at the University of La
Sapienza in Rome in the Department of Chemistry as a
guest Professor. He is the author or co-author of more than
130 publications. He serves on the Editorial Advisory
Boards of Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. His research interests are the fate
and transport of organic compounds in soil and water. Current areas include the
development of techniques concerning the photo process formation of pesticides
on soil surfaces. He has organized and chaired or directed a series of ecotoxi-
cological symposia since 1986. He conducted International Cooperation and he
received the 1986 International award for research in the field of environmental
protection from the Technical University of Lublin in Poland.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Transport and Transformation of Pesticides in Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Irene Scheunert
Chapter 2
Prediction of Uptake of Some Aromatics and Pesticides
by Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Gyula Szabd, S. Lesley Prosser, and Robert A. Bulman
Chapter 3
Accelerated Degradation of Soil Insecticides: Comparison of
Field Performance and Laboratory Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
D. L. Suett and A. A. Jukes
Chapter 4
Adsorption of 2,4-D on Organoclays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Maria C. Hermosin and Juan Cornejo
Chapter 5
Competitive Adsorption of 2,4-D and Phosphate in Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
L. Madrid, E. Morillo, and E. Diaz-Barrientos
Chapter 6
Adsorption of Two Weak Acids on Goethite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
J. C. Dur, R. K. Khandal, and M. Terce
Chapter 7
Adsorption of Maleic Hydrazide on Mineral Surfaces.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Maria C. Hermosin, Isabel Roldan, and Juan Cornejo
Chapter 8
The Euro-Soil Concept as a Basis for Chemicals Testing and
Pesticide Research.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Gerald Kuhnt
Chapter 9
Effect of Polymers on Adsorption of Flumequine on
Kaolinite.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
R. K. Khandal, J. C. Dur, and M. Terce
Chapter 10
Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides: Field Experiments
in Shallow and Deeper Groundwater.. ...................................1 01
U. Miiller-Wegener, R. Schmidt, C. Ehrig, B. Ahlsdorf, and G. Milde
Chapter 11
Potential of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the Study of
Interactions of Pesticides with Natural Organic Matter .................1 1 1
N. Senesi and i7 M. Miano
Chapter 12
Retention of Atrazine by Humic Substances of Different
Natures .................................................................... 123
A. Piccolo and G. Celano
Chapter 13
The Binding of Pesticide Residues to Natural Organic Matter,
Their Movement, and Their Bioavailability.. ............................ 133
Francis Andreux, Irene Scheunert, Philippe Adrian, and Michel Schiavon
Chapter 14
Conversion of Lindane to HCH Isomers and HCB in the
Agricultural Field Conditions.. ........................................... l49
Stefan M. Waliszewski
Chapter 15
Ecological Test Procedures for Organic Xenobiotics in
Terrestrial Systems.. ...................................................... 159
I. Scheunert, U. Dorfler, P. Schneider, R. Schroll, and A. Zsolnay
Chapter 16
Role of Microbial Competition on Activity of 2,4-D Degrading
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans Strain Introduced into Fumigated
Soil. ........................................................................ 169
Gunalan, M.-P. Charnay, and J.-C. Fournier
Chapter 17
Thermodynamic Properties of Halogenated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins,
Dibenzofurans, and Pesticides ........................................... .l77
B. F. Rordolf, B. Nickler, and C. M. J. Lamaze
Chapter 18
New Results and Considerations on the Bioconcentration of
the Superlipophilic Persistent Chemicals Octachlorodibenzo-p-
Dioxin (OCDD) and Mirex in Aquatic Organisms.. ..................... l85
Harald J. Geyer and Derek C. G. Muir
Chapter 19
Behavior of Soil Microflora in Pesticide Degradation ...................1 99
J.-C. Fournier, C. Catroux, M.-P. Charnay, and Gunalan
Chapter 20
Modeling the Uptake of Organic Compounds into Plants .............. .209
S. Trapp
Chapter 21
Influence of Soil-Water Ratio on Adsorption-Desorption
Kinetics of Isoxaben in Soil.. .............................................2 21
P. Jamet and Dominique Roche
Chapter 22
Toxicity and Metabolism of Cypermethrin in Earthworms ............. 235
R. Viswanathan and Zhen-Hui Zhou
Chapter 23
Determination of the Rate Constant k,,(Air) Using Freon 113
as an Inert Solvent.. ...................................................... 241
W. Klopffer and E.-G. Kohl
Chapter 24
Abiotic Degradation Pathways of Selected Pesticides in the
Presence of Oxygen Species in Aqueous Solutions.. ..................... 253
A. Mamouni, M. Mansour, and P. Schmitt
Contributors ................................................................ 275
Index ...................................................................... -279