Fascism Past and Present, West and East - An International Debate on Concepts and Cases in the Comparative Study of the Extreme Right

521 Pages·2014·7.089 MB·English

by  Roger Griffin et al.

SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET POLITICS AND SOCIETY
Edited by Dr. Andreas Umland

Roger Griffin, Werner Loh and
Andreas Umland, Eds.
Fascism Past and Present,
West and East
An International Debate on Concepts and Cases
in the Comparative Study of the Extreme Right

With an afterword by Walter Laqueur

ibidem
Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society (SPPS)
ISSN 1614-3515
General Editor: Andreas Umland, Editorial Assistant: Olena Sivuda, Drahomanov Peda-
Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, umland@ stanfordalumni.org gogical University of Kyiv, [email protected]
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE*
DOME STIC & COMPARA TIVE POLITICS F OREIGN POLICY & INT ERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Prof. Ellen Bos, Andrassy University of Budapest Dr. Peter Duncan, University College London
Dr. Ingmar Bredies, FH Bund, Brihl Dr. Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University
Dr. Andrey Kazantsev, 1/G/MO (U) MID RF, Moscow Prof. Gerhard Mangott, University of Innsbruck
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Prof. Richard Sakwa, University of Kent at Canterbury Dr. Lisbeth Tarlow, Harvard University, Cambridge
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Dr. Harald Wydra, University of Cambridge Dr. William Zimmerman, University of Michigan
SOCIETY, CLASS & ETHNICITY HISTORY, CULTURE & THOUGHT
Col. David Glantz, “Journal of Slavic Military Studies” Dr. Catherine Andreyev, University of Oxford
Dr. Marléne Laruelle, George Washington University Prof. Mark Bassin, Sdédertérn University
Dr. Stephen Shulman, Southern Illinois University Prof. Karsten Briiggemann, Tallinn University
Prof. Stefan Troebst, University of Leipzig Dr. Alexander Etkind, University of Cambridge
POLITICAL ECONOMY & PUBLIC POLICY Dr. Gasan Gusejnov, Moscow State University
Prof. em. Marshall Goldman, Wellesley College, Mass. Prof. em. Walter Laqueur, Georgetown University
Dr. Andreas Goldthau, Central European University Prof. Leonid Luks, Catholic University of Eichstaett
Dr. Robert Kravchuk, University of North Carolina Dr. Olga Malinova, Russian Academy of Sciences
Dr. David Lane, University of Cambridge Dr. Andrei Rogatchevski, University of Glasgow
Dr. Carol Leonard, University of Oxford Dr. Mark Tauger, West Virginia University
Dr. Maria Popova, McGill University, Montreal Dr. Stefan Wiederkehr, BBAW, Berlin
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Dr. John Barber, University of Cambridge Prof. Valery Mikhailenko, 7he Urals State University
Prof. Timm Beichelt, European University Viadrina Prof. Emil Pain, Higher School of Economics, Moscow
Dr. Katrin Boeckh, University of Munich Dr. Oleg Podvintsev, Russian Academy of Sciences
Prof. em. Archie Brown, University of Oxford Prof. Olga Popova, St. Petersburg State University
Dr. Vyacheslav Bryukhovetsky, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Dr. Alex Pravda, University of Oxford
Prof. Timothy Colton, Harvard University, Cambridge Dr. Erik van Ree, University of Amsterdam
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Prof. Mark von Hagen, Arizona State University Prof. Olexander Shnyrkov, Shevchenko University, Kyiv
Dr. Guido Hausmann, University of Freiburg i.Br. Prof. Hans-Henning Schréder, SWP, Berlin
Prof. Dale Herspring, Kansas State University Prof. Yuri Shapoval, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
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Prof. Mikhail Ilyin, A44GJMO (U) MID RF, Moscow Dr. Lisa Sundstrom, University of British Columbia
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Dr. Iris Kempe, “Caucasus Analytical Digest’’ Dr. Markus Wehner, “Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung”’
Prof. Herbert Kiipper, /nstitut fir Ostrecht Regensburg Dr. Andrew Wilson, University College London
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* While the Editorial Committee and Advisory Board support the General Editor in the choice and improvement of manuscripts
for publication, responsibility for remaining errors and misinterpretations in the series’ volumes lies with the books’ authors.
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Roger Griffin, Werner Loh and Andreas Umland (Eds.)
FASCISM PAST AND PRESENT,
WEST AND EAST
An International Debate on Concepts and Cases
in the Comparative Study of the Extreme Right
With an afterword by Walter Laqueur
ibidem-Verlag
Stuttgart
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Cover picture: The flag (in colours reminiscent of the Nazi banner) of Russia’s National-
Bolshevik Party, co-founded by Aleksandr Dugin in 1993.The publications and activities of the
NBP, especially during its early phase in1994-1998, touch upon many of the issues discussed
in this volume such as the relationship between classic and neo-fascism, new strategies of
the postwar extreme right, and the nature of Dugin’s ideology.
ISSN: 1614-3515
ISBN-13: 978-3-8382-5674-0
© ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press
Stuttgart, Germany 2014
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FASCISM PAST & PRESENT, WEST & EAST 5
Contents
Contributors 13
Acknowledgements 17
Instructions for the Reader 18
Abbreviations 19
Foreword by the Series Editor 21
Main Article/Hauptartikel
Fascism’s new faces (and new facelessness)
in the ,,post-fascist™ epoch
Roger Griffin 29
i Critique/Kritik 1
Of fascism and idealising abstractions: Are all cats grey?
David Baker 69
Fascism and neo-fascism: Ideology and ,,groupuscularity“
Jeffrey M. Bale 78
A critical response to Roger Griffin’s ,,Fascism’s new faces“
Tamir Bar-On 87
Griffin’s new consensus: A bit too minimal?
94
Alexander De Grand
Palingenesis and the rebirth of the study of fascism
Martin Durham 99
6 GRIFFIN, LOH & UMLAND (EDS.)
The nature of fascism: or essentialism by another name?
Roger Eatwell 104
Fascism and illiberalism
Peter Fritzsche 110
Roger Griffin, social science, ,,fascism,“ and the ,,extreme right ee
A. James Gregor 115
» Wiedergeburt“ — ein nationalistisches Geschichtsbild
Klaus Holz und Jan Weyand 123
Der Blick tiber den Kanal
Siegfried Jager und Alfred Schobert 130
Too many ,,fascisms*?
Aristotle A. Kallis 136
Der Faschismus als ,,Rache“ der Gegenmoderne
Melitta Konopka 141
Ernst Nolte oder Max Weber: Braucht die Wissenschaft
einen (Gott-) Vater?
Bdrbel Meurer 148
Recognising the enemy
Philip Morgan 156
Faschismus — eine palingenetische Form von
populistischem Ultra-Nationalismus?
Ernst Nolte 161
Generic fascism and the historians
Kevin Passmore 168
FASCISM PAST & PRESENT, WEST & EAST 7
Commentary on Roger Griffin’s ,,Fascism’s new faces“
Stanley G. Payne 175
Der faschistische Proteus: Eine fortschrittliche Aufklarung aus
England tiber das Wesen eines vielgesichtigen Phanomens
Friedrich Pohlmann 179
Vom Schleimpilz zum Wurzelstock
Karin Priester 188
Faschismus — praxeologisch: Ein Kommentar zu Roger Griffin
Sven Reichardt 196
Understanding fascism as historically specific
David D. Roberts 202
Neue Formen, neue Themen, alte Kernideologie?
Albert Scherr 207
What is meant by ,,revolutionary“ fascism?
Robert J. Soucy 212
Fascism again: In search of the right conceptualization
of generic fascism
Mario Sznajder 219
Konzeptionelle Grundfragen vergleichender Rechtsextremismus-
forschung: Der Beitrag der Faschismustheorie Roger Griffins
Andreas Umland 224
Locating fascism in time and space
Leonard Weinberg 233
Schimmelpilze machen Kadse, aber keine Faschismustheorie
Wolfgang Wippermann 239
8 GRIFFIN, LOH & UMLAND (EDS.)
Hil Response/Replik 1
Da capo, con meno brio: Towards a more useful
conceptualization of generic fascism
Roger Griffin 243
FIGURES
Organigram of top echelons and power-centres of
the NSDAP in 1936 282
Organigram of French extreme right wing party and
groupuscular organizations in 1992 283
Critique/Kritik 2
Generic fascism: An off-road vehicle mired in the
conceptual mud; or speeding down the highway
towards a greater understanding of Nazism?
David Baker 285
(Still) more on fascist and neo-fascist ideology
and ,,groupuscularity“
Jeffrey M. Bale 292
Roger Griffin and the conceptualisation of fascism
Martin Durham 300
Chiaruscuro or fascismo grigio? A response to Roger Griffin’s
Da capo, con meno brio...
Roger Eatwell 304
Once again on Roger Griffin and the study of ,,fascism“
A. James Gregor 311
Faschistische Semantik und Organisationsstruktur
Klaus Holz und Jan Weyand 319
FASCISM PAST & PRESENT, WEST & EAST 9
On ,,rebirth,“ ,,consensus,” swords and other (academic) weapons
Aristotle A. Kallis 326
Der rechte Neopopulismus als neues Gesicht des Faschismus
Melitta Konopka 331
Reicht der ,,alte“ Faschismusbegriff oder
brauchen wir einen ,,neuen“?
Badrbel Meurer 339
Ein letzter Riickblick auf einige Fragen der ,,Faschismus-Diskussion“
Ernst Nolte 347
The essence of fascism
Kevin Passmore 352
Zweitkritik eines doppelt amputierten Faschismusbegriffs
Friedrich Pohlmann 360
Antwort auf die Replik von Roger Griffin
Karin Priester 364
Die Praxis des Faschismus — kontextualisiert und historisiert
Sven Reichardt 371
Roger Griffin, Ernst Nolte, and the historical place of fascism
David D. Roberts 376
» Lhose Metaphors Again!“ Rhizom, Schleimpilz,
Parasiten und die Arbeit am Text
Alfred Schobert und Siegfried Jager 381
Lack of response
Robert J. Soucy 389