Farm and factory: the Jesuits and the development of agrarian capitalism in colonial Quito, 1600-1767

477 Pages·1982·1.44 MB·English

by  Nicholas P. Cushner

Farm and Factory : The Jesuits and the
title: Development of Agrarian Capitalism in
Colonial Quito, 1600-1767
author: Cushner, Nicholas P.
publisher: State University of New York Press
isbn10 | asin: 0873955706
print isbn13: 9780873955706
ebook isbn13: 9780585065250
language: English
Agriculture--Economic aspects--Ecuador--
Quito Region--History, Quito Region
subject
(Ecuador)--Rural conditions, Jesuits--
Ecuador--Quito Region--History.
publication date: 1982
lcc: HD1890.Q5C87 1982eb
ddc: 338.1/09866/13
Agriculture--Economic aspects--Ecuador--
Quito Region--History, Quito Region
subject:
(Ecuador)--Rural conditions, Jesuits--
Ecuador--Quito Region--History.
Page i
Farm and Factory
Page ii
Major geographic features of colonial Quitob
Page iii
Farm and Factory
The Jesuits and the Development of Agrarian Capitalism
in Colonial Quito, 16001767
Nicholas P. Cushner
State University of New York Press
ALBANY
Page iv
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
© 1982 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner
whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
For information, address State University of New York
Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cushner, Nicholas P.
Farm and factory.
Includes index.
1. AgricultureEconomic aspectsEcuador-
Quito regionHistory. 2. Quito region (Ecuador)
Rural conditions. 3. JesuitsEcuadorQuito
regionHistory. I. Title.
HD1890.Q5C87 338.1'09866'13 81-13537
ISBN 0-87395-570-6 AACR2
ISBN 0-87395-571-4 (pbk.)
Page v
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
2. Aftermath of Conquest 19
The Apparatus of Control 21
Los Chillos 24
Land Grants in Chillos 26
Tributes, Encomenderos, and Demographics 28
The New Society 34
3. The Acquisition of Land: Chillos 41
The Beltrán Sale 43
The Estancia of Sangolquí 45
Layme 48
Wills and Inheritance 49
Litigation 53
Jesuit Lands in Chillos 56
Land Ownership and Patterns in Chillos around the Year 1700 60
4. Farms and Ranches 67
Land and Space 68
Structure of Farmsteads 69
Crop Enterprises 72
Livestock Enterprises 76
Other Enterprises 78
Enterprises outside of Chillos 80
Management 82
5. The Obraje Complex 89
Establishment 89
The Mill Complex 94
Inside the Mill 95
Labor 99
Salaries and Debts 103
Investment 105
Production, Costs, and Rate of Return 107
Distribution of Textiles 114
6. Rural Labor 117
Mita and Mitayos 117
The Gañán and Debt Peonage 123
Labor Costs 132
Slaves 135
Rural Society 138

Page vi
7. Finance and Capital Formation 145
Accounting Methods 145
Income: Mills, Ranches, and Colleges 153
Profits 161
Patterns of Reinvestment 165
The Business of Agriculture 169
8. Conclusion: Agrarian Capitalism and Quito 171
Appendixes
1. Sale of Two Estates in Pintag (1553)
2. Don Diego de Zúñiga Describes Land and Social Problems in
Quito (1574)
3. Curacas and Principales of Pintag Request That Land Boundaries
Be Certified (c 1580)
4. Permission Requested to Found Private Textile Mills (1604)
5. Last Will and Testament of Don Domingo Tituguana (1623)
6. Principales of Sangolquí Complain of Unjust Treatment from
Jesuit Estate Officials (1623)
7. Sale of Three Cuadras of Land to Ana Serrano (1634)
8. Fray Antonio Rodríguez on the Closing of Textile Mills and
Abuses Suffered by Indians (1681)
9. Jesuit Farms and Ranches in Quito (1767)
Glossary of Spanish Terms 193