Fans and Ventilation: A practical guide

457 Pages·2005·25.39 MB·English

by  William Cory

Fans & Ventilation
A Practical Guide
The practical reference book and guide to fans, ventilation and
ancillary equipment with a comprehensive buyers' guide to
worldwide manufacturers and suppliers
W T W (Bill) Cory
First published 2005
The information contained in this publication has been derived from many sources and is believed to be accurate at the time of
publication. Opinions expressed are those of the author and any recommendations contained herein do not necessarily represent the only
methods or procedures appropriate for the situations discussed, but are rather intended to present consensus opinions and practices of
the fan and air movement industry which may be helpful or of interest to those who design, test, install, operate or maintain fan systems.
The publishers therefore disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy of the information contained in this
publication and further disclaim any liability for the use or misuse of this information. The publishers do not guarantee, certify or assure
the performance of any fan/air movement system designed, tested, installed, operated or maintained on the basis of the information
contained within this publication.
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher or the author for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas in the material herein.
ISBN 0-08044626-4
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
(cid:14)9 Roles & Associates Ltd
Published by Elsevier in association with Roles & Associates Ltd
a',ss nciates
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Foreword
The word "fan" covers a wide variety of machines, from small table fans recognised by
everybody to huge industrial fans consuming hundreds or thousands of kilowatts. Fans are very
important to many industries since, for almost all human activities, there is a need to move or
replace air.
The most obvious and well-known use of fans is in ventilation for comfort, which also includes air
conditioning. However this is only a small part of fan applications. A list of such applications is
extensive covering for example: mining, nuclear facilities, wood and paper production, textiles,
computer rooms etc. For each there is a need to consider various aspects such as: correct
design for specific requirements, best possible energy efficiency of the whole system,
environmental influences (noise and vibration), personnel safety and global life-cycle costs.
A practical reference book about fans and ventilation is a welcome aid to all users who want to
know practical information about fan design, selection and application and how these factors
affect performance. The fact that Fans & Ventilation is written by Bill Cory ensures it is of high
quality, and contains a substantial amount of practical and up to date information in this fast
moving field of technology.
Bill Cory is currently Chairman of the Eurovent Working Group 1 "Fans" for many years. He was
also President of AMCA from 2002 to 2003 and the most active member of ISO Technical
Committee 117 "Industrial Fans". The list of the documents and Standards he has prepared, or
participated in the preparation of, is impressive.
We have no hesitation in recommending Fans & Ventilation.
Sule Becirspahic
Director of Operations
Eurovent/Cecomaf
FANS & VENTILATION III
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of my wife
Eleanor Margaret Cory, n~e McHale
She was born on 23 January 1933, we married on 26 July 1958 and she died on 8 November 2004.
Eleanor, not by any means a Dumbo (she passed her School Certificate when this meant something),
sacrificed her career for mine. She gave me two lovely daughters and
was a constant source of encouragement, advice and support.
To use modern parlance- I loved her to bits! Perhaps I should have told her this more often.
About the author
W T W (Bill) Cory, DEng, MSc, CEng, FIMechE, MCIBSE, MIAgrE FRSH, MIIAV
W T W (to his enemies!) or"Biil" (to his friends!) Cory first brought a light to his mother's eye on 4
October 1934. A bouncing 9lb. 5oz., he has been a heavyweight from that time on! The product
of a boat builder's son and a farmer's daughter, he is unsure if it is salt or soil that he has had in
his mouth ever since. He hopes it is one of the two!
Bill's career spans more than 50 years in the ventilation and fan manufacturing industries. He
started his working life with Sturtevant Engineering Company Ltd and then continued with
several companies, assuming positions of increasing responsibility. He joined Keith Blackman
Ltd in 1976, becoming Technical Director in 1979. In 1984, when Woods of Colchester Ltd
absorbed Keith Blackman Ltd, he was appointed Technical Director of the combined company
and was responsible for the whole engineering staff. He retired from the Board of Woods in 1999
at the age of 65, but was retained by the company as a consultant. Members of staff say that
they now see a lot more of him than previously! In 2001 Woods became a part of the Fl~ikt
Woods Group.
Bill received his early technical education at Manchester College of Science and Technology
and Northampton College of Advanced Technology, and the National College of Heating,
Ventilation, Refrigeration and Fan Engineering. He gained a Master of Science degree in
acoustics by distance learning from Heriot-Watt University in 1990 and in 1992 was admitted by
London South Bank University, as its first Doctor of Engineering.
Bill Cory still serves on various AMCA and BSI committees dealing with ventilation and fans. He
also leads the UK delegation to the corresponding ISO and CEN committees. He is a past
member of the Council of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and past chairman of its
Eastern Region as well as a past chairman of its Fluid Machinery Committee.
Bill is chairman of a number of technical committees and serves on the boards of various
colleges and is a past president of Colchester Engineering Society. He has long been active in
AMCA, HEVAC and FMA affairs and is a past chairman of FETA's Technical Management
Committee. He was a director of AMCA from 1996 - 2004 and its President in 2002 - 2003 -- the
first non-North American to be so recognised. Recently he has become chairman of Eurovent
Technical Committee WG1-Fans.
Bill Cory has presented over 50 papers to various technical institutions including the Institution
of Mechanical Engineers, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, Institution of
Agricultural Engineers, Institution of Acoustics etc. He has given lectures to universities in
Cagliari, Cairo, Helsinki, Sheffield, South Bank and Southampton. The subjects covered
include fan performance measurement, fan acoustics, tunnel ventilation, condition monitoring,
crop drying, natural ventilation etc.
Personal acknowledgements
This book has been based on a career of 50 years in the air moving industry during which I have
benefited from the many friendships I have made.
Firstly I remember George Henry Gill of The Sturtevant Engineering Company who fired my
enthusiasm for fans and Joseph Dunning, its Works Manager, who made sure I applied myself
to becoming an engineer. I remember also William Osborne of the then National College of HVR
& Fan Engineering who started me on a belated academic career. I learnt much from him which
is incorporated in this book.
Of more recent years I have gained much from discussions with Prof Dr-lng Hans Witt on
explosion proof fans. I am also very grateful to Prof Richard Matthews of London South Bank
University with whom I have collaborated on the design of mixed flow fans and tunnel ventilation.
Dr Ron Mulholland, Chief Engineer of Howden group Technology is a dab hand with the
production of computer-generated illustrations which he has translated from my "back of a fag
packet", dodgy sketches!
I wish also to say a special thank you to Mr Paul Wenden, Product Marketing Director, Fl&kt
Woods Ltd for providing many of the illustrations and who has also permitted me to use much
material given in my papers to learned societies, and which were subsequently published by my
then employer Woods of Colchester (now Fl&kt Woods Ltd).
I thank Mr Steve Barker who produced many of the drawings for Chapters 1, 9 and 11, and a
special thank you to Mrs Pauline Warner, my excellent secretary for many years, who produced
the manuscript for some of the early chapters.
Finally, I would like to thank Ketty and Richard Tomes of Roles & Associates Ltd for their
magnificent work in transforming many of my awful hand-drawn illustrations and editing much of
my badly written manuscript and notes; creating, in my view, a work of art!
FANS & VENTILATION V
Leading edge technology
Engineering services
Application appraisal
Fluid dynamic evaluation
Training
Design services
Acoustic optimisation
Product improvement
System solutions
Efficient solutions
Continuous R&D
Technology leaders
Over 10,000 fans.
.=bmp apst
ebm-papst UK Ltd
Chelmsford Business Park
Chefmsford
Essex CM2 5F7
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: 01245 466336
Email: [email protected]
www.ebmpapst.co.uk
Using this book
Written specifically for fan users, Fans & Ventilation is intended to provide practical information
about the outline design selection and installation of fans and how these affect performance.
Fans & Ventilation is not intended to be a textbook on ventilation and air conditioning; rather it
seeks to address the problems that exist at the interface between fan manufacturers and users.
It is aimed at everyone who has technical problems as well as these wanting to know who
supplies what, and from where.
Fans & Ventilation can be used in a variety of ways depending on the information required. For
specific problems it is probably best used as a reference book. The detailed contents Section at
the front of the book combined with the Reference index, Chapter 25, at the end, will simplify
finding the appropriate topic. The introduction to the start of each Chapter will also provide
valuable guidance. The bibliography Section at the end of many Chapters also provides useful
references and suggestions for further reading.
As a textbook though, Fans & Ventilation may be read from cover to cover to obtain a com-
prehensive understanding of the subject. Of course, individual Chapters may be studied
separately.
Chapter 1 covers the history of fans and details the various generic fan types. The properties of
gases and gas flow are then discussed in the other early Chapters. The book then follows a
logical pattern with Chapters 4 to 10 covering topics such as: performance standards, ducting
systems, and flow regulation, constructional features, fan arrangements and bearings. Chapter
7 also provides useful information on fan materials and the stresses induced in the various parts
of a fan. These stresses can be subject to mathematical analysis and an introduction is given to
the methods used.
Chapters 11 to 13 are devoted to drives, couplings and prime movers. Noise and vibration are
considered extensively as well as quality assurance, installation, fan economics and finally fan
selection considerations, in Chapter 20, which are all clearly aimed at the user
Chapter 21 provides some fan applications illustrating the diversity of fan design and uses,
showing there are many uses for fans outside the traditional areas. It also endeavours to
demonstrate some of the sizing rules and features which should be included.
The Classification guide to manufacturers and suppliers, Chapter 24, is an invaluable and
important part of the book. It summarises the various fan types, covering their differing styles,
sizes and basic principles of operation. All definitions are in accordance with ISO 13349:1999
(BS 848-8:1999).
The guide has been categorised in a particular way to impose strict boundary limits on fan types
and the operating conditions available, with the specific aim of simplifying the choice of supplier
from the users' point of view.
The Classification guide includes most fan types, followed by ancillary products and services.
Trade names are comprehensively listed too. It is preceded by the names and addresses and
contact details of all companies appearing in the classification guide, These are listed
alphabetically by country.
It is however strongly recommended that direct contact with the relevant companies is made to
ensure that their details are clarified wherever necessary.
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