Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,17/5/2020,SPi
Family-Run Universities in Japan
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,17/5/2020,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,17/5/2020,SPi
Family-Run
Universities in Japan
Sources of Inbuilt Resilience
in the Face of Demographic
–
Pressure, 1992 2030
JEREMY BREADEN AND ROGER GOODMAN
1
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Acknowledgements
Although we only started writing this book in 2017, it is based on material
which we have separately been collecting on the Japanese private higher
education system since the early 2000s. At that time, Breaden was working
in a Japanese private higher educational institution which he went on to
describe in detail in his 2013 ethnography The Organisational Dynamics of
University Reform in Japan. Goodman spent the Japanese academic year
2003–4 undertaking anthropologicalfieldwork atan institutionwhichin this
bookiscalledMeikeiGakuinUniversity(MGU,forshort)whichhehasdrawn
onin anumberofpublicationsoverthepastdecade (forexample,Goodman
2009).HeisparticularlygratefultothePresident,whohadboththeconfidence
and the interest in academic scholarship to allow him to spend a year
researching freely in his university, as well as to the many members of staff
(academicandnon-academic)andstudentswhospenthoursexpressingtheir
viewsoftheinstitution.
MGU does exist as an institution and we have outlined faithfully what we
understand to be its key features, philosophy, and policies, as an exemplar
of a family-run university. Since we do only want to use it as an exemplar,
however, we have also disguised certain features as well as the name of the
institutionwhiledemonstratingits‘typicality’byreferencetootherfamily-run
universities in Japan. In the case of the latter, we have drawn mainly on
publicly available sources and hence we use the actual names of the institu-
tions.Whileelementsofouraccountoffamily-rununiversitiesinJapanmay
appearcritical,webelieveoverallthatouraccountisapositiveone—certainly
muchmorepositivethanthegeneralexternalview(inasmuchasthereisone)
ofsuchuniversitiesinJapan—andweexpressoursincerethankstoallthosein
suchinstitutionsacrossJapanwhohelpeduswiththisprojectwhilerespecting
thefactthatsomeofthemwouldprefernottobepubliclyacknowledged.
Thisisthesecondprojectonwhichwehaveworkedtogetherandwewould
like to thank the co-organizers of the 2011 Japan Studies Association of
Australia conference, Carolyn Stevens and Stacey Steele, who brought us
together to work on the first. At that conference we discovered a mutual
interestinthemediareportingoftheexperiencesofforeignstudentsinJapan
following the so-called ‘Triple Disaster’ of earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,17/5/2020,SPi
vi
meltdownof11March2011.Thepaperthatwesubsequentlypublished,under
thetitle‘TheDogThatDidn’tBark:3/11andInternationalStudentsinJapan’
(BreadenandGoodman2014),signalssomeoftheembryonicthinkingwhich
drovethecurrentproject.
Sincethisprojecthassometwentyyearsofgestation,itfollowsthatwehave
both incurred many debts along the way which it is good to be able to
acknowledge here while reinforcing the traditional disclaimer that we alone
are responsible for all the mistakes (both of fact and analysis) which we are
suremustremaininthistext.Amongthemanycolleagueswhohavehelpedus
witheither collecting oranalysingdata, we wouldliketo thankthe following
(in alphabetical order and Japanese names with surnames first except where
theindividualconcernedhasexpressedadifferentpreference).Sadlynotallof
them are still with us, but we hope that each of those that are will know the
part that they played in this project even if, in some cases, it was many years
ago: Amano Ikuo, Daryl Arakaki, Arimoto Akira, Robert Aspinall, Harumi
Befu, William K. Cummings, Leonardo Davoudi, Deguchi Akira, Ronald
Dore, Jeremy Eades, Ehara Takekazu, Fujita Hidenori, Fukui Yu, Hamana
Atsushi, Harano Yukiyasu, Hatakenaka Sachi, Hirakawa Makiko, Futao
Huang, Iiyoshi Atsuo, Imoto Yuki, Inaba Yushi, Ishida Hiroshi, Itō Daiichi,
Kaneko Keiko, Kaneko Motohisa, Kariya Takehiko, Kawano Mako,
Kawashima Tatsuo, Curtis Kelly, Terri Kim, Earl Kinmonth, Kitamura
Kazuyuki, Kitamura Wataru, Kiyonari Tadao, Kobayashi Tetsuya, Kuratani
Nao’omi, Maeda Sanae, Marina Lee-Cunin, Maruyama Fumihiro, Chris
McKenna, Brian McVeigh, Morozumi Akiko, Diane Musselwhite,
Nagashima Nobuhiro, Nakamura Tamio, Oba Jun, Ogata Fusako, Ohmori
Fujio,OtaHiroshi,GregoryPoole,StephenRyan,SaitoKiyoshi,SatoYuriko,
Paul Scott, Michael Shackleton, Paul Snowden, Sukigara Matsuaki, Tanioka
Ichiro, Tsuzaki Tetsuo, Ushiogi Morikazu, David Willis, Tom Wright,
Yamada Reiko, Yamamoto Shinichi, Yamamura Satoshi, Yamanoi Atsunori,
Yamashita Noboru, Yasuhara Yoshihito, Yoneyama Toshinao, Yonezawa
Akiyoshi, Yoshida Aya, Yoshikawa Eiichiro. We would particularly like to
thank Philip Altbach and colleagues who have allowed us to draw on their
project on family-owned/managed universities which went to press at the
sametimeasthisbook.
Several people have played key roles in turning this manuscript into a
publishableform.CarolynDodd,as wellas makingsuggestions basedon her
own knowledge of Japan, smoothed out any differences between British and
AustralianEnglishtosuchanextentthatneitherofuscanrememberanymore
whooriginallywrotewhichsections.HirokoLevybroughtakeeneyefordetail
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vii
to referencing and formatting. Colleagues at OUP—Jenny King, Christina
Fleischer, Ganesan Kanmani, Deva Thomas, and copy editor Phil Dines—
have,asever,allbeenapleasuretoworkwith.Finally,weareverygratefulto
Adam Swallow for encouraging us to publish this book in the Oxford
UniversityPress Business and ManagementSeries.All our previous workhas
been published in monograph series, edited volumes, or specialist journals
aimed at colleagues in our primary areas of academic specialism, Japanese
studies, educational studies, and social anthropology. While we, of course,
hope that this book will also prove of interest to those audiences—as well as
moregeneralaudiencesinJapanandelsewhere—wehavebeenkeentoengage
with the newly emerging interest in family businesses in the management
studies world. We hope that those colleagues will find this an interesting
contribution.
JeremyBreaden
RogerGoodman
January2020
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OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,17/5/2020,SPi
Contents
ListofFigures xi
ListofTables xiii
ANoteonSourcesandConventions xv
Introduction 1
1. The Predicted Implosion of Japan’s Private Higher Education
System 13
2. Japanese Private Universities in Comparative Perspective 35
3. A University Under Fire: A Short Ethnography of MGU
1992–2007 85
4. MGU 2008–18: The Law School and Other Reforms 125
5. The Resilience of Japan’s Private Universities 151
6. Private Universities as Family Business 189
Glossary 225
References 231
Index 255
