FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS IN SCIENCE TEACHING AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THETEACHING OF SCIENCE IN OHIO'S PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS (VOLUMES I AND II)

776 Pages·34.578 MB·English

by  DAVIS, WARREN MAYWOOD

FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS IN SCIENCE TEACHING AND THEIR APPLICATION
TO THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE IN OHIO'S PUBLIC SECONDARY'
SCHOOIS
DISSERTATION
P resented in P a rtia l F u lfillm en t o f the Requirem ents
for the Degree Doctor o f Philosophy in the
Graduate School o f The Ohio S ta te
U n iversity
Volume I
By
WARREN MAYWOOD DAVIS, B. A ., A. M.
The Ohio S ta te U n iversity
1952
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I w ish to acknowledge with thanks the assistan ce which has been
given by so many people in the preparation o f th is d isserta tio n and
in the study which led to i t . While i t is not p ossib le to name a ll
of those who helped, the contributions o f several have been so
great as to require p articu lar m ention.
To Mr. R. M. G arrison, D irector o f Elementary and Secondary Edu­
cation of the Ohio S tate Department o f Education and to h is s ta ff
including Mr. L. L. Louthian, Mr. Glenn Rich, Mr. W alter Garland,
and Mrs. Moma Larrick, sp e cia l thanks are due for the assistan ce
given in opening the records o f the Department and fo r even more
d irect help.
The advice given by Dr. P h ilip Johnson and Dr. Edgar Martin
o f the United S tates O ffice o f Education was invaluable. Without
the expert counsel o f these two men, both versed in obtaining
inform ation by the use of mass media, the preparation and
circu lation of the questionnaires which were used would have been
much more d iffic u lt and le s s p ro fita b le.
I t is im possible to forget the understanding and kindness o f
Dr. Laura Z irbes, who did so much toward keeping the study value-
centered and who was always ready to help even though i t meant
sa crificin g tim e which she needed badly fo r other work. The advice
given by Dr. Earl Anderson during the ea rlier stages o f the in v e sti­
gation is g ra tefu lly remembered. To Dr. Harold B. A lberty there
i i
921*726
is extended a sp ecia l feelin g of gratitude fo r his carefu l an alysis
o f the problem and for h is assistan ce in strengthening the fin a l
report* He gave much help and gave i t when i t was most needed.
W ithout the assistan ce aid guidance of Dr. G. P. Cahoon,
th is study would not have been p o ssib le. The en tire p oin t of
view o f th e report has been a ffected by the years spent w ith him.
He has seen more clea rly than have most people the need for teachers
who are competent and e ffe c tiv e . This inquiry into teacher e ffe c tiv e ­
ness has been an outgrowth o f my association w ith him.
F in a lly , to my w ife, who has aided and a ssisted at every step
of the way, there is presented a h ea rtfelt "thank you."
W. M. D.
i i i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 1
II METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES . . . .
EMPLOYED............................................................................................. 11
III RELATED STUDIES AND A REVIEW O F ..................................
THE LITERATURE................................................................................ 21
IV FACTORS RELATED TO THE EFFECTIVENESS. . . .
OF A LEARNING SITUATION IN SECONDARY . . . .
SCIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
V THE TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE OF SCIENCE . . .
TEACHERS IN OHIO’S PUBLIC SECONDARY . . . .
SCHOOLS............................................................................................ . 171
VI PHYSICAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE . . . .
SCIENCES WERE TAUGHT IN OHIO'S SCHOOLS . . . 258
VII AREAS OF TEACHING AND TEACHING LOAD OF . . .
THE SCIENCE TEACHERS IN OHIO'S PUBLIC . . .
SECONDARY SCHOOLS . ................................................................
V III PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES OF . . .
OHIO'S SCIENCE TEACHERS ................................................ U5U
IX TEACHING METHODS USED BY OHIO'S SCIENCE. .
TEACHERS— THEIR EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES . .
FOR THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE...........................................................£17
X EFFECTIVENESS OF A SAMPLING OF OHIO'S SCIENCE .
TEACHERS AS JUDGED BY PERSONAL INVESTIGATION . 577
XI INTERPRETATION OF THE FACTORS O F ..................................
EFFECTIVENESS AS APPLIED TO SECONDARY- . . .
SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHING......................................................................600
XII CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................6?8
APPENDIX....................................................................... 689
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................... 700
AUTOBIOGRAPHY ......................................................................719
iv
LIST OP TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I NUMBER OF QUESTIONNAIRES
SUBMITTED.................................................................................. 97
II RESPONSE TO FACTOR 1......................................................... 99
III RESPONSE TO FACTOR I I .................................................... 103
IV RESPONSE TO FACTOR III.................................................... 105
V RESPONSE TO FACTOR I V .................................................... 110
VI RESPONSE TO FACTOR V......................................................... 115
VII RESPONSE TO FACTOR V I ......................................... 11 v
VIII RESPONSE TO FACTOR V II................................................... 12.2
IX RESPONSE TO FACTOR V I I I .............................................. 125
X RESPONSE TO FACTOR IX. . 128
XI RESPONSE TO FACTOR X................................................... . 131
XII RESPONSE TO FACTOR X I .................................................... 134
XIII RESPONSE TO FACTOR XII.................................................... 139
XIV RESPONSE TO FACTOR X I I I ............................................. 142
XV RESPONSE TO FACTOR X I V ............................................. 146
XVI RESPONSE TO FACTOR XV...................................................... 151
XVII RESPONSE TO FACTOR XVI.................................................... 154
XVIII RESPONSE TO FACTOR X V II......................................... . 15?
XIX NUMBER, SEX, AND DISTRIBUTION OF OHIO'S
SECONDARY TEACHERS ............................................................ 173
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
TABLE PAGE
XX DEGREES OFFERED BY TEACHERS IE
OHIO'S COUNTY SCHOOLS ...................... 175
XXI _ DEGEEES OFFERED BY TEACHERS IN
EXEMPTED VILLAGE SCHOOLS............................... 176
XXII DEGREES OFFERED BY TEACHERS IN
OHIO'S CITY SCHOOLS ........................... 177
XXIII DATE OF MOST RECENT DEGREE OFFERED BY
TEACHERSCF OHIO'S COUNTY SCHOOLS.......... 179
XXIV PERCENT OF TEACHERS IN OHIO'S COUNTIES
WHO TAUGHT ONE OR MORE CLASSES OF
SCIENCE WHO OFFERED THEIR HIGHEST
DEGREE IN CERTAIN YEAR.................................. 180
XXV DATE OF MOST RECENT DEGREE OFFERED
BY TEACHERS OF OHIO'S EXEMPTED VILLAGE
SCHOOLS......................................................................... 181
XXVI PERCENT OF TEACHERS IN OHIO'S EXi-
EMPTED VILLAGE SCHOOLS, OFFERING
THEIR HIGHEST DEGREE IN CERTAIN YEARS . . 182
XXVII DATE OF MOST RECENT DEGREE OFFERED
BY TEACHERS OF OHIO'S CITY SCHOOLS . . . . 183
XXVIII PERCENT OF TEACHERS IN OHIO'S CITY
PUBLIC SCHOOLS WHO TAUGHT ONE OR MORE
CLASSES OF SCIENCE OFFERING THEIR
HIGHEST DEGREE IN CERTAIN YEARS.......... 18^
XXIX NUMBER OF YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE
OF TEACHERS IN OHIO'S COUNTY SCHOOLS. . . 189
XXX PERCENTS OF MEN AND OF WOMEN TEACHERS
IN OHIO'S COUNTY SCHOOLS HAVING TAUGHT
VARIOUS NUMBER. OF YEARS............................... 190
XXXI NUMBER OF YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE
OF TEACHERS IN OHIO'S EXEMPTED
VILLAGE SCHOOLS.................................................... 191
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
TABLE PAGE
XLI PERCENT OF MEN AND OF WOMEN SCIENCE
TEACHERS IN THE VARIOUS TYPES OF
SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF OHIO WHO HAD
-OBTAINED AT LEAST A MASTER1S DEGREE . . . 202
XLI I RECENCY OF TRAINING OF MEDIAN
SCIENCE TEACHERS IN THE VARIOUS
CLASSES OF OHIO'S SECONDARY SCHOOLS
AS JUDGED BY DATE OF MOST RECENT
DEGREE......................................................................................... 204
XLI 11 RANKING OF VARIOUS GROUPS OF OHIO'S
SECONDARY SCIENCE TEACHERS ACCORD*.
ING TO THE PERCENTAGE OF TEACHERS
AMONG THEM WHO HAD NO DEGREE AWARDED
SINCE 1920................................................................................. 205
XLIV NUMBER OF YEARS TAUGHT BY MEDIAN
TEACHERS OF SCIENCE IN THE THREE
TYPES OF OHIO SECONDARY SCHOOLS............................ 20?
XLV TOTAL NUMBER OF SEMESTER HOURS OF
CREDIT IN ALL TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC
SUBJECTS OFFERED BY OHIO'S COUNTY
HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS WHO TAUGHT
AT LEAST ONE CLASS OF SCIENCE........................... 209
XLVI NUMBER OF SEMESTER HOURS OF SCIENCE
LISTED BY 1470 COUNTY TEACHERS OF
OHIO IN THE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE
TEACHING.................................................................................... 211
XLVII SEMESTER HOURS OF CREDIT IN BIO­
LOGICAL SCIENCES OFFERED BY OHIO'S
COUNTY HIGHSCHOOL TEACHERS WHOSE
MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING WAS
BIOLOGY. ..................................................... . 213
XLVIII SEMESTER HOURS OF CHEMISTRY OFFERED
BY OHIO'S COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING
WAS CHEMISTRY..................................................................... 214
v iii
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
TABLE PAG-E
XLVIX SEMESTER HOURS OF PHYSICS OFFERED
BY OHIO'S COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL
TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE
TEACHING WAS PHYSICS................................................. 215
L SEMESTER HOURS OF PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION OFFERED BY OHIO'S COUNTY
HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS WHO TAUGHT
ONE OR MORE CLASSES OF SCIENCE...................... 217
LI SEMESTER HOURS OF CREDIT IN ALL TYPES
OF SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS OFFERED BY
OHIO'S EXEMPTED VILLAGE TEACHERS WHO
TAUGHT AT LEAST ONE CLASS OP SCIENCE . . 213
LI I NUMBER OF SEMESTER HOURS OF SCIENCE
LISTED BY 207 EXEMPTED VILLAGE
TEACHERS OF OHIO IN THEIR MAJOR
AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING...................................... 219
LIII SEMESTER HOURS OF BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES OFFERED BY EXEMPTED VILLAGE
TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE
TEACHING WAS IN BIOLOGY......................................... 220
LIV SEMESTER HOURS OF CHEMISTRY OFFERED
BY OHIO'S EXEMPTED VILLAGE TEACHERS
WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING
WAS CHEMISTRY.................................................................... 221
LV SEMESTER HOURS OF PHYSICS OFFERED BY
OHIO'S EXEMPTED VILLAGE TEACHERS
WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING
WAS PHYSICS......................................................................... 2?i
LVI SEMESTER HOURS OF PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION CREDIT OFFERED BY 20?
EXEMPTED VILLAGE TEACHERS OF
SCIENCE.................................................................................... 222
LVI I SEMESTER HOURS IN ALL TYPES OF
SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS OFFERED BY
864 OHIO CITY SCIENCE TEACHERS
IN THE PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS...................... 223
ix
LIST OP TABLES (continued)
TABLE PAGE
LVI 11 SEMESTER HOURS OP SCIENCE- LISTED
BY 864 OHIO CITY TEACHERS OP
SCIENCE IN THE AREA OP THEIR MAJOR
SCIENCE TEACHING EPPORT ........................................... 224
LIX SEMESTER HOURS OP BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE OFFERED BY OHIO'S CITY
TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA OP
SCIENCE TEACHING WAS IN BIOLOGY . . . . . 225
LX SEMESTER HOURS OP CHEMISTRY
OPPERED BY OHIO'S CITY HIGH
SCHOOL TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA
OP SCIENCE TEACHING WAS IN
CHEMISTRY........................................................... 226
LXI SEMESTER HOURS OP PHYSICS OPPERED
BY OHIO'S CITY HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
WHOSE MAJOR AREA OP SCIENCE TEACHING
WAS IN THE AREA OP PHYSICS................................... 22?
LXII SEMESTER HOURS OP PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION OPPERED BY 864 CITY HIGH
SCHOOL TEACHERS OP SCIENCE IN OHIO. . „ . 223
LXI II TOTAL NUMBER SEMESTER HOURS OP CREDIT
IN ALL TYPES OP SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS
OFFERED BY 25*1-1 TEACHERS IN OHIO'S
HIGH SCHOOLS WHO TAUGHT ONE OR
MORE CLASSES IN SCIENCE * ................................. 229
LXIV SEMESTER HOURS OP SCIENCE CREDIT,
LISTED BY 2541 OHIO TEACHERS OF
SECONDARY SCIENCE IN THE MAJOR
AREA OP .THEIR SCIENCE TEACHING
EPPORT........................................................................................ 230
LXV SEMESTER HOURS OP BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES OPPERED BY 693 OHIO HIGH
SCHOOL TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA
OP SCIENCE TEACHING WAS IN BIOLOGY . . . 231
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
TABLE PAGE
LXVI SEMESTER HOURS IE CHEMISTRY
OFFERED BY 26b OHIO HIGH SCHOOL
TEACHERS WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF
SCIENCE TEACHING WAS IN CHEMISTRY . . . = 232
LXVTI SEMESTER HOURS OF PHYSICS OFFERED
BY 312 OHIO HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
WHOSE MAJOR AREA OF SCIENCE TEACHING
WAS IN PHYSIOS ...................................................................
233
LXVIII SEMESTER HOURS OF PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION CREDITS OFFERED BY
25^1 HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS OF
OHIO WHO TAUGHT ONE OR MORE
CLASSES OF SCIENCE ......................................................... 23
A-
LXIX NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
TEACHING ONE OR MOEE CLASSES OF
SCIENCE WHO PRESENTED COLLEGE
TRAINING IN ONLY ONE SUBJECT MATTER
BRANCH OF SCIENCE.............................................................. 236
LXX SEMESTER HOURS OF ALL TYPES OF
SCIENCE OFFERED BY 802 OHIO COUNTY
HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS, EACH OF WHOM
TAUGHT AT LEAST ONE CLASS OF GENERAL
SCIENCE ...................................................................................... 23S
IXXI SEMESTER HOURS OF UNDIFFERENTIATED
SCIENCE OFFERED BY TEACHERS OF
GENERAL SCIENCE IN OHIO*S COUNTY
HIGH SCHOOLS* • » » • • * 239
LXXII SEMESTER HOURS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
OFFERED BY THE COUNTY TEACHERS OF
GENERAL SCIENCE LISTED IN TABLE L III. . . 2L0
LXXIII SEMESTER HOURS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
OFFERED BY THE COUNTY TEACHERS OF
GENERAL SCIENCE LISTED IN TABLE L III. . . 2^2