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OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi Facing Up to Scarcity OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi Facing Up to Scarcity The Logic and Limits of Nonconsequentialist Thought BARBARA H. FRIED 1 OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©inthisvolumeBarbaraH.Fried2020 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2020 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019951998 ISBN 978–0–19–884787–8 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,ElcografS.p.A. LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi For my boys OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii 1. Introduction:FacingUptoScarcity:TheLimitsof Nonconsequentialism 1 2. FacingUptoRisk 22 3. WhatDoesMatter?TheCaseforKillingtheTrolleyProblem (orLettingitDie) 40 4. CanScanlonianContractualismSaveUsfromAggregation? 58 5. TortiousHarms 84 6. CanContractualismBeSaved? 106 7. IsNozickaLibertarian? 129 8. Rawls,Risk,andtheMaximinPrinciple 149 9. TheUnwrittenTheoryofJustice:RawlsianLiberalismversus Libertarianism 155 10. Left-Libertarianism 176 11. WiltChamberlainRevisited:Nozick’sJusticeinTransferand theProblemofMarket-BasedDistribution 197 12. “IfYouDon’tLikeIt,LeaveIt”:TheProblemofExitinSocial ContractarianArguments 211 13. TheCaseforaProgressiveBenefitsTax 235 Bibliography 251 Index 263 OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,11/2/2020,SPi Preface Inthelate1990s,IpublishedabookontheintellectualhistoryoftheProgressive- eralawandeconomicsmovement.¹Themovement,whichsprangupinresponse totheriseoflaissez-faireconstitutionalismintheUSinthelate1880s,remained an important force in legal and economic thought through the late 1930s, when the Supreme Court, faced with Roosevelt’s threat to pack the Court, abruptly changedcourse. The great divide in legal, economic, and philosophical thought in those years was, as it is now, between those who believed that the primary obligation of the statewastoadvancetheaggregatewelfareofitscitizens,andthosewhobelieved thatindividualrightssignificantlyconstrainthestate’slegalormoralentitlement to do so. In the course of untangling the disagreements in a historical context, Ibecameinterestedintheargumentsintheirownright.Iwentontowriteseveral articlescritiquingtheinternallogicofcontemporarylibertarianism.Whiledoing so,IrecognizedthatmanyoftheproblemsIhadidentifiedinlibertarianismwere shared by left-leaning versions of nonconsequentialism that have dominated Anglo-Americanmoralandpoliticalphilosophysincethelate1960s.Atacertain point,Idecidedthatitwasinintellectualbadfaithnottosayso,justbecausethe policyconclusionsofthelatterwerepoliticallymorecongenialtomethanthoseof theformer.Overthenextseveralyears,Ipublishedanumberofarticlescritiquing thelogicofRawlsianism,Scanloniancontractualism,trolleyology,socialcontrac- tarianism,andthecorrectivejusticeliteratureintorts. Ten of the chapters in the book have previously been published in different forms.Iwelcometheopportunitytopublishthemtogether,alongwiththreenew chapters,becausethecentralideas thatanimatethemaretightlyinterconnected, andthewhole,Ibelieve,isgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Ihaveeditedallofthe previouslypublishedChapters,somesignificantly,toeliminateredundanciesand makeexplicittheconnectionsbetweendifferentChaptersanddifferentliteratures. In the two decades since the first of the articles included in the book was written,Ihavemovedmuchclosertofull-blownconsequentialismmyself,atleast withrespecttomattersofpublicpolicy.ThisisinpartbecauseIdon’tbelievethere isaplausiblealternativetoaddressmostofthecollectiveproblemsweface,andin partbecauseIfindthemoralimperativeofwelfarismmorecompellingthanmany ofthemoralimperativesdrivingnonconsequentialistthought.ButIdonotmean ¹ TheProgressiveAssaultonLaissezFaire(HarvardUniversityPress,1998).

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Author:	Barbara H. Fried
Publication Year:	2020
ISBN:	9780198847878
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