Table Of ContentHuhua Cao · Jeremy Paltiel Editors
Facing China as
a New Global
Superpower
Domestic and International Dynamics
from a Multidisciplinary Angle
Facing China as a New Global Superpower
Huhua Cao Jeremy Paltiel
(cid:129)
Editors
Facing China as a New
Global Superpower
Domestic and International Dynamics
from a Multidisciplinary Angle
123
Editors
Huhua Cao Jeremy Paltiel
University of Ottawa Carleton University
Ottawa Ottawa
Canada Canada
ISBN978-981-287-822-9 ISBN978-981-287-823-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-823-6
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Contents
1 Introduction: Sustainability of Sino-Canadian Partnership. . . . . . 1
Huhua Cao
Part I Changing State-Society Relations and Policy Reforms
2 Corporatist Representation Via People’s Congress: An Aspect
on the State–Society Relationship in Contemporary China . . . . . . 13
Jing Qian
3 Non-Governmental Organizations in Contemporary China:
Development of Community-Based Social Service
Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Leslie Shieh
4 A Chinese Approach to Land Rights: How Bo’s Chongqing
Model Exposed an Economic Reform Program in Crisis. . . . . . . . 67
Kamyar Razavi
Part II Canada-China Relations and Chinese Diaspora in Canada
5 Canada’s Foreign Policy Toward the People’s Republic
of China: Continuity and Change Since 1949. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Eric Lefrançois
6 The Death Penalty in China and Its Impact on Sino-Canadian
Criminal Justice Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Minxing Zhao
7 The Evolution of Canada’s Policy Towards Human Rights
in China Since 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Charles-Louis Labrecque
v
vi Contents
8 Changing Practices and Shifting Perceptions:
Chinese Immigrants “Integrating” into the Engineering
Profession in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Hongxia Shan
Part III China’s Outward Thrust: Hard Facts, Soft Power
9 Building Shanghai as an International City:
Exchange of Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Matthew Skogstad-Stubbs
10 Access, Assurance and Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Adam MacDonald
11 Orbits of Influence: The Sino-Indian Waltz in South/Southeast
Asian New Regionalism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Ajay Parasram
12 Plurality in China’s South–South Cooperation:
The Case of Rice Projects in Mali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Matthew Gaudreau
Part IV Literary Reflections on Chinese Identities in a Globalized
Context
13 Thinking through Space: Toronto’s Chinatowns in Chinese
Canadian Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Jennifer Junwa Lau
14 A Vision of Modernity: Menglong Poetry from 1978–1983 . . . . . . 253
Min Yang
Part V Conclusion
15 Conclusion: Adapting to a World with China at Its Centre:
Reflecting on the Present to Better Engage Our Common
Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Jeremy Paltiel
Appendix: Major Events in Sino-Canadian Relations Since 1970. . . . . 275
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Huhua Cao is a full professor in the University of
Ottawa’s Department of Geography specializing in
urbangeography,withtheuseofgeostatisticalmethods
and geographic information systems (GIS). In recent
years, Dr. Cao’s research has focused on engaging
urban indigenous and ethnic minority people in urban
contextsusinge-participationmethods.Hehasdirected
numerous international research projects that have
received funding from the Social Sciences and
HumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada(SSHRC),the
Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA), Human Resources and Skills Development Canada
(HRSDC), the International Development of Research Centre (IDRC), and the
European Union and the Government of China. Professor Cao has also written
numerous articles and books related to urban and regional development while
collaboratingwithacademicsthroughouttheworld.TheSino-Canadianrelationship
is another research interest of Professor Cao. In 2011, he published The China
Challenge: Sino-Canadian relations inthe twenty-first century with formerSenator
ViviennePoy.ChinaChallengewasselectedasoneofthe20mostimportantbooks
in foreign policy in 2011 by Embassy Newspaper.
vii
viii EditorsandContributors
Jeremy Paltiel is professor of political science at
Carleton University in Ottawa and was visiting profes-
sor at the Department of International Relations at
Tsinghua University in Beijing in 2009.
He received his B.A. in East Asian Studies from the
University of Toronto in 1974, diploma in philosophy
from Peking University in 1976, and his M.A.
(1979) and Ph.D. (1984) in political science from the
University of California, Berkeley. He has published
widelyonChinaanditsforeignrelations. Thisincludes
articles on human rights and the Chinese culture, the
elite politics of the Chinese Communist Party, Civil–Military relations, and
Sino-Canadian relations. He coordinated the Chinese domestic background theme
oftheCanadianInternationalCouncil’sChinaWorkingGroupandauthoredtwoof
its papers: “Canada in China’s Grand Strategy” and “Structure and Process in
China’s Foreign Policy Making—implications for Canada.” More recently, he
published “Reimagining Canada’s Present and Future in the Shadow of China’s
Rise,” the concluding chapter in Huhua Cao and Vivienne Poy eds., The China
Challenge: Sino-Canadian relations in the twenty-first century. He is the author of
The Empire’s New Clothes: “Cultural Particularism and Universality in China’s
Rise to Global Status” (Palgrave, 2007), “Mencius and World Order Theories”
(2010), “China’s Regionalization Policies: Illiberal internationalism or
Neo-Mencian Benevolence?” (2009), and “Peaceful Rise? Soft Power? Human
RightsinChina’sNewMultilateralism”(2007).In2014,hewasawardedaSSHRC
Insightgrantintheamountof$425,000tostudyCanada’srelationswithChinaand
the Asia-Pacific.
Contributors
Matt Gaudreau is a doctoral candidate at the Balsillie School of International
Affairs, University of Waterloo, where he is a member of theGlobal Food Politics
Group.HisdissertationresearchfocusesontheengagementofactorsfromChinain
the world food system, particularly as they pertain to the highly concentrated seed
and processing sectors. Matthew is a Canada Graduate Scholar, Balsillie Fellow,
and has studied at Nanjing University, Peking University, and the Chinese
University of Hong Kong.
CharlesLabrecque isaprojectmanagerattheAsiaPacificFoundationofCanada
where he focuses on Canada’s foreign policy in Asia, specifically looking at how
Canadian provinces engage Asia. He received his B.A. and M.A. in international
studiesfromUniversityofMontreal,andheisafinishingPh.D.studentinpolitical
science at Laval University in Quebec City. Prior to joining the foundation,
Mr.LabrecquewasaresearchassociateatInstitutdeshautesétudesinternationales
EditorsandContributors ix
de Québec where he focused on security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. He has
published several articles, both in French and English, on Canada-Asia relations.
JenniferJ.Lau isaPh.D.candidateintheDepartmentofEastAsianStudiesatthe
UniversityofTorontocompletingherdissertationonChinesewritingaboutCanada
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. She studied English literature and East
AsianStudiesasanundergraduateattheUniversityofToronto(2009)andwenton
tocompleteherMaster’sdegreeresearchattheNationalTaiwanUniversityin2010
with the generous support of the Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate
Scholarship and Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement of the Social Sciences
andHumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada(SSHRC).AformerCanadianStudies
Graduate Fellow at University College at the University of Toronto (2014), her
fieldsofinterestincludeChineseDiasporas,ChineseTextualandPrintCulture,and
SpaceinTextandImage.Jenniferisalsopassionateaboutissuesoftranslationand
interpretation and aspires to share her excitement for stories with others in the
future.
Eric Lefrancois is a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the University of
Montréal. Mr. Lefrançois has extensively researched Canadian politics, Canadian
foreignpolicy,andSino-Canadianrelations.HisknowledgeofChinesehistoryalso
helped him research theimpact ofChina’stradition, culture, andphilosophy on its
international rise. Fluent in mandarin, M. Lefrançois also organized the one of the
first international exchange student program between Canadian and Chinese pri-
maryschools.M.LefrançoisisalsosenioradvisorattheResearchandKnowledge
Transfer Office of HEC Montréal.
Adam P.MacDonald is an independent academic based in Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada. Receiving his masters in political science from the University of Victoria
in2010,AdamspecializesingeopoliticaldevelopmentsintheArcticandEastAsia.
He has been published in various Canadian and international journals and is a
regular contributor to the Asia Times, East Asia Forum, and Frontline Defence.
Adamis,also,afull-timeregularforcenavalofficerintheCanadianArmedForces
with over 10 years of experience in operations and training at both the operational
and tactical levels. Adam, also, is a member of the Nova Scotia Health Research
Ethics Board. Analyzing the study of China’s rise in IR theory, military develop-
mentsintheArctic,andtheongoingpoliticaltransitioninMyanmararehiscurrent
academic foci.
AjayParasram isadoctoralcandidateintheDepartmentofPoliticalScienceand
the Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University. He was a Social Science
andHumanitiesResearchCouncildoctoralfellow(2012–2014)andapostgraduate
research fellow of the Asia Pacific Foundation (APF) of Canada (2008–2009). His
dissertation, entitled “Becoming the Postcolonial State: territorializing Sri Lanka,”
examines the geographical, economic, institutional, and religious foundations
through which the Western-centric norm of state territoriality became naturalized
and displaced indigenous practices of political organization in colonial Ceylon
x EditorsandContributors
(Sri Lanka). After earning his M.A. in political science working on issues of
South/SoutheastAsianregionalintegration,Ajayworkedasapolicyresearcherfor
the Government of Canada emphasizing commercial transportation security. After
serving a 1-year fellowship at the APF, he joined the Canadians Abroad project,
conducing studies concerning Canadian citizenship and immigration policies
relating to Canadians living abroad in the West Indies and South Asia. Ajay is an
active contributor to independent and mainstream media on issues related to his
research broadly defined and is a founding board member of the Ottawa-based
not-for-profit One World Dialogue.
JingQian isaspecialadvisortothepresidentandaresearchfellowinresidenceat
the Asia Society Policy Institute. Jing’s research focuses on the political dynamics
and policy formulation processes of both China’s domestic affairs and foreign
relations, as well as regional institutionalization of the Asia Pacific Community.
Graduating with a Master of Laws with honors from Harvard Law School, Jing
served as a research fellow at Harvard Kennedy School since February 2014,
working on a major research project on the alternative futures of USA-China
relationship led by the Hon. Kevin Rudd. Jing writes and speaks on issues of
China’s state and society interactions via the legal institutions under the current
transitional periods; historical evolvement of China’s political and legal reforms;
China’sforeignpolicies,particularlytheUSA-Chinarelations;andtheAsiaPacific
Institutionalism. Jing is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China, and also
holds a LL.B. from China; a LL.M in Law and Society from the University of
VictoriaofCanadawriting onrepresentation, governance, andlegitimacy; andisa
Ph.D. candidate researching legality and power, with the case study of gap prob-
lems within the Chinese Legal System.
Kam Razavi is a critical scholar interested in the philosophical and technical
relationshipbetweencapitalaccumulationandnature.Heiscurrentlyworkingona
Ph.D. at Simon Fraser University. In 2010, he completed a two-year master’s
program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. His Master’s project focused on land
rights and urban–rural integration in Chongqing. In addition, to these academic
pursuits, Kam is a senior television news journalist with 15-year experience pro-
ducingnationalandinternational itemsforGlobalNews.Hespeaksfivelanguages
fluently, including Chinese and English. Kam lives in Burnaby, BC.
Hongxia Shan is anassistant professor inthe Department of Educational Studies,
University of British Columbia. She specializes in immigrant studies, work and
learning, foreign qualification recognition, qualitative research, and gender, race,
and class analysis. Her work has appeared in International Journal of Lifelong
Education, Comparative Education, Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult
Education, Journal of Workplace Learning, Work, Employment and Society,
International Journal of Health Promotion, etc.
Leslie Shieh holds a Ph.D. in urban planning from the Schoolof Community and
Regional Planning at University of British Columbia. The work presented in this
