Table Of ContentNeuromethods 134
Roy V. Sillitoe Editor
Extracellular
Recording
Approaches
N
euromethods
Series Editor
Wolfgang Walz
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7657
Extracellular Recording
Approaches
Edited by
Roy V. Sillitoe
Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX, USA
Editor
Roy V. Sillitoe
Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, TX, USA
ISSN 0893-2336 ISSN 1940-6045 (electronic)
Neuromethods
ISBN 978-1-4939-7548-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-7549-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7549-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017960840
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Preface to the Series
Experimental life sciences have two basic foundations: concepts and tools. The Neuromethods
series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system
and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has
been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under
investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also
includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and
their development. Thus it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the
techniques and their potential future development. The Neuromethods publishing program
strikes a balance between recent and exciting developments like those concerning new
animal models of disease, imaging, in vivo methods, and more established techniques,
including, for example, immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological technologies.
New trainees in neurosciences still need a sound footing in these older methods in order to
apply a critical approach to their results.
Under the guidance of its founders, Alan Boulton and Glen Baker, the Neuromethods
series has been a success since its first volume published through Humana Press in 1985.
The series continues to flourish through many changes over the years. It is now published
under the umbrella of Springer Protocols. While methods involving brain research have
changed a lot since the series started, the publishing environment and technology have
changed even more radically. Neuromethods has the distinct layout and style of the Springer
Protocols program, designed specifically for readability and ease of reference in a laboratory
setting.
The careful application of methods is potentially the most important step in the process
of scientific inquiry. In the past, new methodologies led the way in developing new d isciplines
in the biological and medical sciences. For example, physiology emerged out of anatomy in
the nineteenth century by harnessing new methods based on the newly d iscovered phenom-
enon of electricity. Nowadays, the relationships between disciplines and methods are more
complex. Methods are now widely shared between disciplines and research areas. New devel-
opments in electronic publishing make it possible for scientists that encounter new methods
to quickly find sources of information electronically. The design of individual volumes and
chapters in this series takes this new access technology into account. Springer Protocols
makes it possible to download single protocols separately. In addition, Springer makes its
print-on-demand technology available globally. A print copy can therefore be acquired
quickly and for a competitive price anywhere in the world.
Saskatoon, SK Wolfgang Walz
v
Preface
There are now many methods available for studying brain function. Among these are various
approaches for recording neurons in vivo. The signals may be collected from populations of
neurons using electrode arrays, tetrodes, or single electrodes to collect either local field
potentials (LFPs) or action potentials from single cells. These various approaches have been
fine-tuned in different species for studying specific behaviors. For example, motor behav-
iors are heavily studied in mice and rats, but recent work on looming behavior has benefited
greatly from studies in locusts, in which brain activity can be examined with precision dur-
ing execution of the behavior. Moreover, the use of conditional genetics in vertebrates and
invertebrates and optogenetics approaches in rodents has increased the power of manipu-
lating neurons and circuits. These different strategies enable researchers to define the causal
relationships between neuronal properties in targeted brain areas to distinct behavioral
consequences in health and disease.
The chapters in this volume of Neuromethods have brought together experts in the
field to discuss extracellular recording techniques with two specific goals in mind. The first is
to provide a reasonably detailed outline of the methods, including critical steps for success,
advantages of the method, and shortcomings to consider with pointers for how to resolve
them. The second is to provide an example application where their specific approach has
proven particularly useful, and this may include a discussion of how basic biology has been
pushed forward or how translational research and clinical diagnoses or treatments have
benefitted from the approaches.
The contributing author list encompasses a unique balance of investigators from different
areas of neuroscience who study different regions of the brain, using different model systems.
The models include mouse, rat, zebrafish, fly, worm, and even locust. We have also included
one chapter describing the use of extracellular recordings in studies of human cognition. The
techniques range from single-unit recordings to tetrodes, multi-electrode arrays, and imaging
systems. Importantly, we have also included a chapter on recording in perinatal and early devel-
oping rodents, highlighting the key advances that studies of critical periods, which shape brain
function, have made. Overall, several major sectors of the systems neuroscience field are repre-
sented by including brain regions involved in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions.
In summary, this volume will be an invaluable resource because at the heart of the
collection is classic extracellular recording, but the authors describe improvements and
additions, as well as more modern and novel tools such as optogenetics and multi-channel
recording. I have selectively chosen authors who are at the cutting edge of their respective
fields. Our wish was to provide readers with the most up-to-date and original applications
of the outlined techniques. I am delighted to say that I believe we achieved those goals.
With that, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to each and every author that con-
tributed to what I think is a fantastic and unique collection of chapters. I truly appreciate
all the hard work that you put into your chapters, and I know that our readers will share my
enthusiasm for your masterfully crafted material.
Houston, TX, USA Roy V. Sillitoe
vii
Contents
Preface to the Series � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �v
Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �vii
Contributors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xi
1 In Vivo Loose-Patch-Juxtacellular Labeling of Cerebellar Neurons in Mice....... 1
Amanda M. Brown, Joshua J. White, Joy Zhou, Taylor Jefferson, Tao Lin,
and Roy V. Sillitoe
2 Targeted Electrophysiological Recordings In Vivo in the Mouse Cerebellum...... 19
Bin Wu and Martijn Schonewille
3 Single-Unit Extracellular Recording from the Cerebellum During
Eyeblink Conditioning in Head-Fixed Mice .............................. 39
Shane A. Heiney, Shogo Ohmae, Olivia A. Kim, and Javier F. Medina
4 Multielectrode Arrays for Recording Complex Spike Activity.................. 73
Eric J. Lang
5 Large-Scale Tetrode Recording in the Rodent Hippocampus ................. 87
Xiang Mou and Daoyun Ji
6 A Guide to In Vivo Optogenetic Applications for Cerebellar Studies............ 109
Oscar H. J. Eelkman Rooda and Freek E. Hoebeek
7 A Combinatorial Approach to Circuit Mapping in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb ..... 129
Gary Liu, Jessica Swanson, Brandon Pekarek, Sugi Panneerselvam,
Kevin Ung, Burak Tepe, Longwen Huang, and Benjamin R. Arenkiel
8 In Vivo Recordings at the Caenorhabditis elegans Neuromuscular Junction....... 143
Shangbang Gao and Zhitao Hu
9 Electroantennograms (EAGs) and Electroretinograms (ERGs)
in the Genetic Dissection of Synaptic Function in Drosophila melanogaster ....... 157
Balaji Krishnan and Yogesh P. Wairkar
10 Combined Two-Photon Calcium Imaging and Single-Ommatidium
Visual Stimulation to Study Fine-Scale Retinotopy in Insects.................. 185
Ying Zhu and Fabrizio Gabbiani
11 Extracellular Loose-Patch Recording of Purkinje Cell Activity in Awake
Zebrafish and Emergence of Functional Cerebellar Circuit ................... 207
Jui-Yi Hsieh and Diane M. Papazian
12 Recording Extracellular Activity in the Developing Cerebellum
of Behaving Rats................................................... 225
Greta Sokoloff and Mark S. Blumberg
13 In Vivo Recordings of Network Activity Using Local Field Potentials
and Single Units in Movement and Network Pathophysiology ................ 249
Richard Courtemanche and Maxime Lévesque
ix
x Contents
14 Surgical and Electrophysiological Techniques for Single-Neuron Recordings
in Human Epilepsy Patients .......................................... 267
Juri Minxha, Adam N. Mamelak, and Ueli Rutishauser
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Contributors
Benjamin R. aRenkiel • Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Neuroscience,
Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan
Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
maRk S. BlumBeRg • Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, IA, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA;
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
amanda m. BRown • Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor
College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas
Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
RichaRd couRtemanche • Department of Exercise Science & FRQS Groupe de
Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale/CSBN, Concordia University, Montreal,
QC, Canada
oScaR h.j. eelkman Rooda • Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
ShangBang gao • Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, China
FaBRizio gaBBiani • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
Shane a. heiney • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
FReek e. hoeBeek • Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
jui-yi hSieh • Circuit Therapeutics, Inc�, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of
Physiology and the Interdepartmental Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative
Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
zhitao hu • Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia
longwen huang • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and
Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston,
TX, USA
tayloR jeFFeRSon • Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor
College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas
Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
daoyun ji • Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Neuroscience, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
olivia a. kim • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
Balaji kRiShnan • Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative
Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
eRic j. lang • Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
xi
xii Contributors
maxime léveSque • Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological
Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
tao lin • Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of
Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s
Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
gaRy liu • Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan
Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
adam n. mamelak • Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
javieR F. medina • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
juRi minxha • Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
xiang mou • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Neuroscience, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Shogo ohmae • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
Sugi PanneeRSelvam • Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s
Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
diane m. PaPazian • Department of Physiology and the Interdepartmental Program in
Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
BRandon PekaRek • Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s
Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
ueli RutiShauSeR • Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
maRtijn Schonewille • Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Roy v. Sillitoe • Department of Pathology & Immunology and Neuroscience, Program
in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan
Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
gReta SokoloFF • Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, IA, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
jeSSica SwanSon • Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s
Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
BuRak tePe • Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and
Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston,
TX, USA
kevin ung • Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and
Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston,
TX, USA
