Table Of Content“Working memory is a central concept in contemporary cognitive psychol-
ogy, and this collection of articles by Alan Baddeley traces the evolution of
the construct from the seminal chapter by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 to
current notions of the central executive and the episodic buffer. Each group
of papers is preceded by an introduction written in Baddeleyís lucid and
informal style, nicely setting the articles in a personal scientific context. This
is an excellent selection of important papers, essential reading for students and
researchers in the area of memory and cognition.”
Fergus Craik, Senior Scientist, Rotman Research Institute,
Toronto, Canada
“In cognitive psychology, Alan Baddeley is considered as the father of working
memory, and his work has revolutionized nearly all fields of psychology,
establishing working memory as one of the leading concepts of psychology.
This book presents his most influential papers in a comprehensive collection,
but it goes far beyond a simple assemblage. The introductory description of
each section sheds a new light on the creation and the development of what
is now considered as the heart of human cognition, leading to a new and
enlightening understanding of Alan Baddeley’s work.”
Valérie Camos, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland
Exploring Working Memory
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves
present career- long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces –
extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major
theoretical and practical contributions.
Alan Baddeley has an international reputation as an eminent scholar and
pioneer in the field of human memory, and is principally known for the
theory of working memory, devised with Graham Hitch. This model con-
tinues to be valuable today in recognising the functions of short- term
memory. This volume includes a specially written introduction by Alan
Baddeley which gives an overview of the start of his career and his entry into
the field of Psychology. Throughout the book he also provides introductions
to the selection of works included and contextualises them in relation to
changes in the field during this time. Exploring Working Memory includes the
author’s most influential publications on topics including short-t erm memory,
the distinctions between short and long-t erm memory, the theory of working
memory, the phonological loop, the concept of the central executive, and the
episodic buffer. This exceptional selection concludes with an article giving a
broad overview of the author’s current views on working memory and its
relation to other theories in the field.
Through his outstanding work Alan Baddeley has become known as a world-
leading expert on human memory. Exploring Working Memory is a unique collec-
tion which will be of great interest to both students and researchers interested in
human memory from psychology backgrounds.
Alan Baddeley is Professor of Psychology at the University of York and one of
the world’s leading authorities on Human Memory. He is celebrated for devis-
ing the ground- breaking and highly influential working memory model with
Graham Hitch in the early 1970s, a model which still proves valuable today in
recognising the functions of short-t erm memory. He was awarded a CBE for his
contributions to the study of memory, is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the
British Academy, the Academy of Medical Sciences, and the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences. In 2012 he received the BPS Research Board’s Lifetime
Achievement Award and in 2016 the International Union of Psychological
Sciences Award for Major Advancement in Psychological Science.
World Library of Psychologists
The World Library of Psychologists series celebrates the important contributions
to psychology made by leading experts in their individual fields of study. Each
scholar has compiled a career- long collection of what they consider to be
their finest pieces: extracts from books, journals, articles, major theoretical
and practical contributions, and salient research findings.
For the first time ever the work of each contributor is presented in a single
volume so readers can follow the themes and progress of their work and
identify the contributions made to, and the development of, the fields
themselves.
Each book in the series features a specially written introduction by the
contributor giving an overview of their career, contextualising their selection
within the development of the field, and showing how their thinking
developed over time.
Discovering the Social Mind
Selected Works of Christopher D. Frith
Christopher D. Frith
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Consciousness
Selected Works of Max Velmans
Max Velmans
Thinking Developmentally from Constructivism to
Neuroconstructivism
Selected Works of Annette Karmiloff-S mith
Annette Karmiloff- Smith
Acquired Language Disorders in Adulthood and Childhood
Selected Works of Elaine Funnell
Edited by Nicola Pitchford and Andrew W. Ellis
Exploring Working Memory
Selected Works of Alan Baddeley
Alan Baddeley
Exploring Working Memory
Selected Works of Alan Baddeley
Alan Baddeley
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Alan Baddeley
The right of Alan Baddeley to be identified as author of this work has
been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Baddeley, Alan D., 1934– author.
Title: Exploring working memory : selected works of Alan Baddeley /
Alan Baddeley.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |
Series: World library of psychologists
Identifiers: LCCN 2017013070 (print) | LCCN 2017031883 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781315111261 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138066908 (hardback :
alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Short-term memory. | Memory.Classification: LCC
BF378.S54 (ebook) | LCC BF378.S54 .B326 2017 (print) | DDC
153.1/2–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017013070
ISBN: 978-1-138-06690-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-11126-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
Permissions acknowledgements x
Introduction 1
A. D. BADDELEY
PART I
How many kinds of memory? 3
1 Short- term memory for word sequences as a function
of acoustic, semantic and formal similarity 9
A. D. BADDELEY, 1966
2 Simultaneous acoustic and semantic coding in
short- term memory 15
A. D. BADDELEY AND J. R. ECOB, 1970
3 Amnesia and the distinction between long- and
short- term memory 18
A. D. BADDELEY AND E. K. WARRINGTON, 1970
PART II
A multicomponent model 39
4 Working memory 43
A. D. BADDELEY AND G. HITCH, 1974
5 The recency effect: implicit learning with
explicit retrieval? 80
A. D. BADDELEY AND G. HITCH, 1993
viii Contents
6 The concept of working memory: a view of its
current state and probable future development 99
A. D. BADDELEY, 1981
PART III
The phonological loop 107
7 Word length and the structure of short-t erm memory 109
A. D. BADDELEY, N. THOMSON AND
M. BUCHANAN, 1975
8 Exploring the articulatory loop 130
A. D. BADDELEY, V. J. LEWIS AND G. VALLAR, 1984
9 When long- term learning depends on short-t erm
storage 150
A. D. BADDELEY, C. PAPAGNO AND G. VALLAR, 1988
10 The phonological loop as a language learning device 164
A. D. BADDELEY, S. E. GATHERCOLE AND
C. PAPAGNO, 1998
PART IV
The visuo- spatial sketchpad 199
11 Reaction time and short- term visual memory 201
W. A. PHILLIPS AND A. D. BADDELEY, 1971
12 Spatial working memory 206
A. D. BADDELEY AND K. LIEBERMAN, 1980
13 Interference with visual short-t erm memory 224
R. H. LOGIE, G. M. ZUCCO AND
A. D. BADDELEY, 1990
PART V
The central executive 243
14 The central executive: a concept and some
misconceptions 247
A. D. BADDELEY, 1998
Contents ix
15 Exploring the central executive 253
A. D. BADDELEY, 1996
16 Dementia and working memory 280
A. D. BADDELEY, R. LOGIE, S. BRESSI,
S. DELLA SALA AND H. SPINNLER, 1986
PART VI
The episodic buffer 295
17 The episodic buffer: a new component of
working memory? 297
A. D. BADDELEY, 2000
18 Binding in visual working memory: the role of the
episodic buffer 312
A. D. BADDELEY, R. J. ALLEN AND G. J. HITCH, 2011
19 Working memory: theories, models, and controversies 332
A. D. BADDELEY, 2012
Index 370
