Table Of Content

TREATISEO FP ETROLGEEUMO LOGY HANDBOOK OFP ETROLGEEUMO LOGY EXPLORIFNOGR OILA NDG AST RAPS EDITEDB Y EDWARDA .B EAUMONT NORMANH .F OSTER TREATISE EDlliORS: EDWARD A.B EAU MONr NoRMAN H.F OSTER G TREATISOEF P ETROLEUMG EOLOGY AAP TheA mericAasns ociatoifPo ent roleGuemo logists gratefualclkyn owledagnedas p preciates thel eadersahnidps uppoorftt he AAPG Foundatiiontn h ed evelopmoefnt th e TreatisoefP etroleGuemo logy G's AAP DISTINGUISHED PUBLICATION OFT HE MILLENNIUM EXPLORING FOR AND OIL GAS TRAPs EDWARD A. BEAUMONT NoRMAN H. FosTER Editors TREATISE OFP ETROLEUMG EOLOGY IIANDBOOK OFP ETROLEUMG EOLOGY TREATISE EDITORS: NoRMAN H. FosTER AND EDWARD A. BEAUMONT Publishebdy TheA mericaAns sociatioofn PetroleGuemo logists U.S.A7 4101 Tulsa,O klahoma, Copyrigh1t9©9 9b y TheA merican AssoocfiPa ettiroonl eGuemo logists AllR ightRse served Printiendt heU .S.A. ISBN:0 -89181-602-X AAPGg rantpse rmissfioorans ingle phootfoa cnoi ptye mf romt hipsu blicaftoiproe nr sonuasle A.u thorization forad ditiocnoapli oefsi temfsr omt hipsu blicaftoiproe nr sonoaril n ternauls ei sg rantbeydAA PG provided thatth eb asef eeo f$ 3.5p0e rc opayn d$ .5p0e rp agei sp aiddi recttolt yh eC opyrigChlte aranCceen te2r2,2 RosewooDdr ivDea,n verMsa,s sachuse0t1t29s3( phon9e7:8 7150-840F0e)e.sa res ubjetcotc hangAen.y f ormo f electroonrd iicg itsacla nnionrgo thedri gittarla nsformaotfpi oornt ioonfs tphuibsl icaitnitocono mputer-read­ ablaen d/or transmfiotrtmfa obprl eer sonoarcl o rporuasteer equirsepse cipaelr missfiroonm a,n di ss ubjetcot feec hargbeys,t heA APG. AssociatEidoint oNre:i Fl. H urley ScienDcier ectJoarc:kG allagher PublicatMiaonnasg erK:en netMh. W olgemuth ManaginEgd itoPru,b licatAinonnesH :. Thomas ProjeEcdti torKsa:t hrynEe.P ilMei,c haeBll echner ProductiPoant:sAn yn DockR,u stJyo hnsoJna,n eBtr ister THE AMERICANA SSOCIATIOONF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS( AAPGD)O ES NOT ENDORSE OR RECOMMEND ANY PRODUCTSO R SERVICEST HATM AY BE CITED,U SED OR DISCUSSED INA APGP UBLICAITONS OR INP RESENTATIOSN AT EVENTSA SSOCIATED WITH THE AAPG. Thisa ndo theArA PG publicatairoena sv ailafrbolme: TheAA PG Bookstore Geological Society HoPuusbel ishing P.O.B ox9 79 Unit7 ,B rassmiElnlt erprCiesnet re TulsOaK, 74110-0979 BrassmiLlaln eB,a thU,. K. Telepho1n-e9:1 8- 584-o2r15 -5850 0-364-AAPG (BUAS1A3)J N Fax1:- 918-560-o2r16 -5820 809-8-22(7U4S A) Tel+ 44-1225-445046 .aapg.org Fax+ 44-1225-442836 www www.geolsocu.ko rg. AustralMiianne raFlo undation AffiliatEeads t-WePsrte sPsr ivaLtted . AMF Bookshop G-1/1A6n sarRio ad DaryaG anj 63C onynghaSmt reet New Delhi1 100 02 GlensiSdoeu,t Ahu stra5l0i6a5 India Australia Tel+ 9111 3279113 Tel+.6 1-8-8-3074944 Fax+ 91113 260538 Fax+ 61-8-8379-4634 e-maialff:i [email protected] www.amf.com.au/amf Table of Contents Treatise of Petroleum Geology Advisory Board AAPG Foundation Treatise of Petroleum Geolog.y . F. u. n. .d . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX Preface to the Handbook of Petroleum Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XII Dedicatio. n. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XxI1nv DeevloapP ihlsnioogpo Ehfxly pao trion 1 Edward A. Beaumont, Norman Foster, Richard R. Vincelette, MarZan H. W Downey, and James D. Robertson The art and science of exploring for oil and gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 4 Characteristics of oil finders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Leading and managing explor. ationists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 Applying the scientific method to petroleum exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 Analog exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32 Part I TrpasT,r paT ype,sa ntdh Pee otlreuSmyts me CalssiofEfipx colratatiTiorponasn 2 Richard R. Vincelette, Edward A. Beaumont, and Norman Foster H. Classification philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 4 How to use the classificati. on scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 Details of the trap classification scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 PelterSuoyms tems 3 Leslie B. Magoon and Edward A. Beaumont Defining a petroleum system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 4 . Examples of two petroleum systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Applying the petroleum system conce. pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24 PartI I CritEilceamltes on ft hPee tlreouPmr voince 4 SeednitmBaarAsynil any sis John M. Armentrout Basin framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 5 Depocenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 22 Depositional sequences . . 4- 30 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • Depositional systems tracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 45 Minibasins and petroleum sys. tems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 78 Summary and exploration strategy, deepwa.t.er .s.a.nd.s. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . 4-107 . Table of Contents • v Table of Contents, continued 5 FormFaldtPu irioensa snIudAtr ppsecl aition PatrI I (cnontiued) Edward A. Beaumont and Forrest Fiedler Pressure regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 -4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using pressures to detect hydrocarbon presence . . . . . . .5 -.1 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . Predicting abnormal pressures . . . . . . . . . . . 5.- 3.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.- 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capillarity and buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 -5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.- 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EvlaautgSi oncuRero cks 6 Carol A. Law Source rock basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.- 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating source rock richness . . . . . . . . . . . 6.- 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating source rock quality . . . . . . . . . . .6 -.1 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating source rock maturity . . . . . . . . . . .6 -.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relationships between maturity and hydrocarbon generation . . . . 6.- 33. . . . . MiagtroiPfoe nlt eruom 7 Martin D. Matthews Migration concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanisms of migration . . . . . . . . . . . .7 -.1 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in hydrocarbon composition during migration . . . . . .7 -.1 8. . . . . . . . Migration pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 -.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculating migration rate and charge volume 7-29 O-iOlialnO di l-RSooCcuokrr cree lations 8 Douglas A. Waples and Joseph A. Curiale Introduction to correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.- 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data used in correlations . . . . . . . . . . . .8 -.1 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Case histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.- 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PartIl l CritEilcmeaenlt osft hTear p PredRiecsteSirynvsgQot uiletarimay n Pdef rormance 9 Dan J. Hartmann and Edward A. Beaumont Reservoir system basics . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 -.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classifying pore systems . . . . . . . . . . . .9 -.1 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pore-fluid interaction . .... . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . . .... . .9 -26 Water saturation . . . . .... . .... . . ....... . . .. .. ........ . .... 9.-.44. . . Predicting reservoir system quality . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ..... .... . . .. . . . .9 -7 4 Examples of petrophysical evaluation . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 9-125 vi Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps • Table of Contents, continued 10E vlauaTtoaipnnF dga S uelatl PatrI ll (ctoinnued) Grant M. Skerlec Evaluating fault seal . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 -.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating top seal integrity . . . 104-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating intact top seal . . 10-64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11P rtenidPgir ceasteairnoDvdne sttiorofucn cu Almcautions Alton A. Brown Basics: destructive processes and age . . . . . . . . .1 1.-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spillage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 -6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leakage 11-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum destruction .. . . .11-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PatrI V PreditcingO ccthurerne coef O ialn Gda sTr pas 12I tneerntpSgire iDsamtiac Christopher L. Liner Seismic primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2.-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IdentifYing seismic events . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 -.1 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interpreting structure . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 -.1 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13I tneetrip3nr-SgDe iDsamtiac Geoffrey A. Darn Basics of interpreting 3-Dse ismic data . . . . . . . . 1.3 -4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stratigraphic interpretation techniques of 3-Dda ta . . . . . 1.3 -.1 6. . . . . . . . . . . Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.- 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visualization techniques for 3-Dda ta . . . . . . . . .1 3-.2 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14U sinnges ti MPinaerc gtolEexlupaomtr ion Edward A. Beaumont and S. Parker Gay, Jr. Magnetic basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4-.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interpreting magnetic data . . . .. . . . . . .. 14-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15A ppGlryaiivnPnige lt tyerE uoxlmpao trion David A. Chapin and Mark E. Ander Applying general gravity methods . . . . . . . . . 1.5 -4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying borehole gravity methods . . . . . . . . . 1.5 -1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A ppMlayngientlgolis tuc er Arnie Ostrander What is magnetotellurics (MT)? . . . . . . . . . .1 6.- 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What does an MT survey measure? .. . . . 16- 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How are MT data acquired? . . . . . . . . . . .1 6.-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Case histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16- Table of Contents vii • Table of Contents, continued 17A ppPllaeioendyt olog PatrI V (cnotinued) Robert L. Fleisher and Richard Lane H. Paleontaonldmo igcyr oosfsils 17-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampcleo llecatnidto rne atment 171-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stratigraanpdgh eiocg radpihsitcr ibouffotsisoinl s 172-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applications 17-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newd irections . 17-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18S ufraGceeo chEexlmpaoiotrfcnioa Prlel teruom Dietmar Schumacher Priinpcloefss ur afcgee ochemical ex.p l.o r.a ti.o n. . .1 8.-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designsiunrgf agceeo chemsiucravle y.s . . . . . . . 1.8 -.1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cashei siteors. . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8.- 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 VlauoGefe goailFlcoi weolrdk Denise M. Stone Whyc ondugceto logfiicealolrd kw?. . . . . . . . . 1.9 -4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Necersysc aonsidieornast 192-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Somet hougahbtosu gte ologfiidcewalolr k. . . . . . . .1 9.- 40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20E xlpofroiSrnt grru aTacrlpt su R.A. Nelson, T.L. Patton, and Serra S. Basistcr uctauprparlo ach . . 20-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structiunrtaelr pretteacthinoinaq nudte oso ls . 201-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Workofwlt ofi nda p rospect . 204-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prjocetp lanniTnhgeo :n e-minsutrtuec tpulrafayorl m anage.rs 20-60 . . . . . . . 21E xlpofroiSrntt rgia gTrrpaasp hic John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward Beaumont, A Louis J. Terlikoski, and Michael L. Hendricks Stratigrtarpabhpai sci cs . . . 21-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequensctera tigraphy . . 21-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometraincaally .sis 21-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faciaensa lysis . . 21-34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basina-nfdit lrlaa pn alysi.s . . . . . 21-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagenmeotdiicf icaotfs itornast igtrraapphsi c 21-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inxd e viii Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps • TREATISOEF P ETROLEUMG EOLOGY ADVISORBYO ARD Ward Abbott RicharEdb ens BradleBy.J ones 0. AbdulazAi.Az l -Laboun JoeSl. E mpie PeteGr. K ahn JohnJ .A moruso CharleTs.F eazel JohnE .K ilkenny* GeorgGe. A nderman WilliaLm. F isher H.Douglas Klemme JohnD .A rmstrong NormanH .F ost*e r AllaJn. K och GeorgBe. A squith JamesF .F riberg RadenP .K oesoemadinate Donald Axford RicharDd.F ritz HansH . Krause W. ColiBna rker LawrencWe. F unkhouserJ amesE .K reutzfeld IanR .B aron WilliaEm. G alloway N aresKhu mar TedL .B ear DonalLd. G autier SusanM .L andon EdwardA .B eaumont LeeC .G erhard KennetLh. L arner RoberRt. B erg JamesA .G ibbs RolMfa gneL arsen StevJe. B lanke Melvin Glerup RoberAt.oL eigh 0. RicharRd.B loomer ArthuRr. G reen JayL eonard JohnF .B ookouJtr,. DonalAd. G reenwood RaymondC .L eonard LouiCs. B ortz R. RR.o bbiGer ies HowardH .L ester DonalRd. B oyd RichardG riffin ChristopJh.eL re wis W. RoberLt. B renner RoberDt. G unn Donald Lewis W. WilliaDm. B rumbaugh AlfreEddou ardGou zman James LewisJ,r . 0. RaymondB uchanan MerrillH aas DetleLve ythaeuser W. DanieAl.B usch CecilH agen* RoberGt. L indblom V. NickC ameron J.BilHla iley Roy Lindseth 0. DaviGd. C ampbell MicheTl.H albouty John Lockridge P. J.BenC arse*y BernolMd.H anson AnthonJy. L omando DuncanM .C hisholm TodP .H arding JohnM .L ong H.V ictCohru rc*h DonalGd. H arris SusanA .L ongacre DonC lutterbuck PaulM .H arris JamesD .L owell J.GlennC ole FrankW .H arrisoJnr,. PeteTr. L ucas J.F rankC onrad DanJ .H artmann AndreSw. M ackenzie RoberJt.C ordell JohnD .H aun JackP. M artin RoberDt. C owdery HolliDs.H edberg* MichaeEl.M athy MarshaCl.lC rouchI,I I JamesA .H elwig VinceMnatt thewIsI,I WilliHa.m C urry,I II ThomasB .H endersoJnr,. PaulR .M ay DoriMs. C urt*i s NevilMl.eH enry JamesA .M cCaleb* GrahamR . Curtis FrancEi.sH eritier DeanA .M cGee* ClinAt. D arnall* PaulH ess PhiliJp.M cKenna PatriDcaku gherty LeeH iggins JerWe. M cKenny EdwardK .D avid MasonL .H ill RicharMd. M eek HerberGt. D avis DaviKd. H obday RoberEt. M egill GerarJd. D emaison DaviSd. H olland Robert Meier W. ParkAe. D ickey MyronK .H orn FredF .M eissner FredA .D ixJ,r . GaryD .H owell RoberKt. M errill CharleF.sD odge MichaeEl.H riskevich DaviLd. M ikesh EdwardD .D olly JosephD .H ullJ,r . MarcuMsi lling P. JamesC .D onaldson H.H erberHtu nt GeorgMei rkin BenD onegan NormanJ .H yne MichaeDl.M itchell Robert DHo.t* t J.J .C .I ngels RicharJd.M oiola JohnH .D ovteo n RusseWl.lJ ackson FrancisMcoor eno MariaWn. D owney MichaeSl.J ohnson GroveEr. M urray BernarMd. D urand DaviHd. J ohnston D.KeitMhu rray Advisory Board ix •

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Publication Year:1999
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Pages:1153
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