Exploring Criminal Justice in Canada

823 Pages·2020·53.006 MB·English

by  Rick Ruddell

SECOND EDITION
EXPLORING CRIMINAL JUSTICE
IN CANADA
RICK RUDDELL
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Title: Exploring criminal justice in Canada / Rick Ruddell.
Names: Ruddell, Rick, 1961- author.
Description: Second edition.
Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190165367 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190165596 | ISBN
9780199033751 (softcover) | ISBN 9780199039173 (loose leaf) | ISBN 9780199033768 (EPUB)
Subjects: LCSH: Criminal justice, Administration of—Canada—Textbooks. | LCSH: Criminology
—Canada—Textbooks. | LCGFT: Textbooks.
Classification: LCC HV9960.C2 R84 2020 | DDC 364.971—dc23
Cover image: © iStock/ChristopheLedent
Cover design: Sherill Chapman
Interior design: Laurie McGregor
Brief Contents
From the Publisher
Preface and Acknowledgements
PART I | Foundations
An Introduction to Crime and Justice
Crime in Canada
PART II | Controlling and Policing Crime
Controlling Crime
Police Organization and Structure
Police Activities, Operations, and Challenges
PART III | The Law and The Courts
Criminal Law
Criminal Courts and Court Personnel
Sentencing
PART IV | Corrections
Provincial Corrections: Probation and Short-
term Incarceration
Federal Corrections
PART V Youth Justice
Youth Justice in Canada
PART VI Looking Forward
Looking Forward: Criminal Justice in the
Twenty-First Century
Glossary
References
Index
ONLINE CHAPTER Victimization
Contents
From the Publisher
Preface and Acknowledgements
PART I | Foundations
An Introduction to Crime and Justice
Learning Outline
Case Study
Introduction
Crime and Law
Public (Criminal) and Private Law
The Criminal Code of Canada
Federal, Provincial, and Municipal Legislation
Classifying Crime
The Structure of the Criminal Justice System
Police
Courts
Corrections
Common Elements in the Criminal Justice System
Discretion
Filtering
Goals of the Criminal Justice System
Preventing Crime
Protecting the Public
Supporting the Victims of Crime, Their Families, and Witnesses
Holding Offenders Responsible
Helping Prisoners Return to the Community
Crime Control and Due Process Models
Crime Control Model
Due Process Model
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Internet Site
Cases Cited
Crime in Canada
Learning Outline
Case Study
Introduction
Five Types of Crime
Crimes against the Person
Property Crimes
Crimes of the Powerful
Organized Crime and Gangs
Antisocial Behaviour
Measuring Crime
Crime Rates from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
Canada’s Crime Severity Index
Victimization Surveys
Limitations of Victimization Data
Limitations of Police-Reported Crime Statistics
Self-Reported Crime
Regulating Traffic: Should Bad Driving Be a Crime?
Understanding Crime Distribution
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Internet Site
Cases Cited
PART II | Controlling and Policing Crime
Controlling Crime
Learning Outline
Case Study
Introduction
Crime Control Philosophies
“Tough on Crime” Practices: Retribution, Deterrence, and
Incapacitation
Reforming Offenders: Restitution, Rehabilitation, and Restorative
Justice
Conflict Perspective
Public Opinion, the Media, and Punishment
Criminal Justice and the Indigenous Peoples of Canada
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Internet Site
Case Cited
Police Organization and Structure
Learning Outline
Case Study
Introduction
The Evolution of Canadian Policing
Pre-Modern Era (Prior to 1820)
Political Era (1820 to 1940)
Professional Era (1940 to 1980)
Community Policing Era (1980 to the Present)
Police Structure in Canada
Police Consolidation
Policing: An Expensive Proposition
Police Strength
Rural Policing
Role of the Police in Canada
Crime Prevention
Law Enforcement
Maintaining the Public Peace
Emergency Response
Assistance to Victims of Crime
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
Case Cited
Police Activities, Operations, and Challenges
Learning Outline
Case Study
Introduction
Police Allocation
Police Chain of Command and Police Officer Ranks