Table Of Content\Zô 13
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION
John Kenneth Patterson
by
Experiments with fertilizer rates, grass-
entitled
legume mixtures and seedbed preparations on permanent
pasture areas in southern Indiana.
COMPLIES WITH THE UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON GRADUATION THESES
AND IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
^ “-Pbpfessor IN Chahqe or Thesis
Heap of School, or Department
May 8________ i9 50
TO THE LIBRARIAN:-----
THIS THESIS IS NOT TO BE REGARDED AS CONFIDENTIAL
PROFESSOR DT/O]
GRAD. SCHOOL FORM O—3-40—1M
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZER RATES, GRASS-LEGUME
MIXTURES AND SEEDBED PREPARATIONS ON PERMANENT
PASTURE AREAS IN SOUTHERN INDIANA
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
Purdue University
by
John Kenneth Patterson
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Philosophy
June, 1950
ProQuest Number: 27714149
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Th© author wishes to express his appreciation for the
assistance obtained from Dr# A# J. Ohlrogge and Dr* G* 0*
Mott who helped plan and conduct this study* He wishes to
thank Mr# R# E. Moody and associates in the Analytical
Laboratory, Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station, L# N*
Wise, T# A* Dykes, K* J# Morrison, and James Martin who
aided in gathering of the data presented in this thesis*
The author also wishes to thank his wife, Jeannette, for
her help in typing during preparation of this paper*
The writer is also indebted to Professor S* R* Miles,
Dr. G # D# Scarseth and Dr* G* N* Hoffer for their assistance
in the interpretation of the results*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ......... ........ «..................... 1
INTRODUCTION ....... 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................... 3
The Influence of Fertilization upon Yield ........ 3
Species Recommended ...... 9
Seedbed Preparation ..... 12
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE .............................. li|-
Soil Upon Which Tests Were Conducted ..... • 15
Preparation of the Plots for Seeding ..... 19
Winter Heaving Data .................... 22
WEATHER DATA ............. 2^
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION........................ 28
Fertilizer Rate Studies ........... •••• 28
Major and Minor Fertilizer Element Study at
French Lick ........ .........
Species Comparison ...... ........... gO
Seedbed Preparation Studies ....... 57
Winter Heaving Injury of Birdsfoot Trefoil .. . . . .. 61{.
RESULTS OF FORAGE ANALYSIS ........................ 70
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................ 79
LITERATURE CITED ................. 85
APPENDIX.................. 91
VITA ............................ 128
LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES
List; of Tables
Table
1* Analysis of ttie Soils Upon Wbicii tbe
Experiments Were Conducted ............ 18
2« Comparison of Yield Response to Soil Fertility
As Measured by Cliemi cal Analysis ........ 32
Comparison of Yield Response to Soil Fertility
3o
As Measured by Chemical Analysis ....... 32
Response to Minor Elements ............ i|_7
4-»
5e Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Major and Minor Fertilizer Elements
(French Lick) .......... ...........
.
6 Yield in Percent of Ladino-0rchard Grass
Production ................ 52
1. Yield of Ladino-Orchard Compared to That of
Alfalfa- Bromegras s-Timothy on the
Fertilizer Rate Plots ......... 54-
8» Effect of Fertility and Seedbed Preparation
Upon Winter Heaving of Birdsfoot Trefoil *. 66
9* Average Mineral Content of Alfalfa-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixtures 72
.
10 Average Mineral Content of Ladino Clover-
Orehard Grass Mixture Grown &t Bloomington. 73
il. Mineral Content of the Alf alf a-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixture at Bloomington •••........ 74
12 e Comparison of the Mineral Content of the
Alfalfa-Bromegrass-Timothy Mixtures at
Bloomington and Scottsburg (First Harvest). 78
LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES
List of Appendix Tables
Appendix
Table Page
1# Climatologie al Data for Indiana, 194-9 “
Rainfall .................. . . 91
2* Climatological Data for Indiana, 1949 -
Temperature ............ .. ...... 92
3* Climatological Data for Indiana, 194® •*•••••• 93
4# Summary of Fertility Rate Experiment Response
of Grass Legume Mixtures to Varying
Amounts of Fertilizer (Average of 4
Locations) ..... «........... 94
5* Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Amounts of Fertilizer - Bloomington 95
6* Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Amounts of Fertilizer - French Lick 9®
7* Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Amounts of Fertilizer - Vincennes, • 97
8* Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Amounts of Fertilizer - Scottsburg* 98
9# Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Major and Minor Fertilizer Elements ....... 99
10. Summary of 4 Locations .............. 101
11. Summary of 4- Locations ......... 102
12. Summary of Legume Stands at 3 Locations ...... 103
13* Legume Stands Obtained Under Different
Fertilizer Treatments — Bloomington ....... 104
14. Legume Stands Obtained Under Different
Fertilizer Treatments - Vincennes ..... 105
15* Legume Stands Obtained Under Different
Fertilizer Treatments - Scottsburg ........ 106
l6. Summary of Species Comparison Yields -
(Average of 3 Locations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
LISTS OF TABLES AHD FIGURES
List of Appendix Tables - Continued
Appendix
Table Page
17. Specie s Comparison «*• Bloomington 194-9 . * « 108
18 e, Species Comparison - Vincennes 1949 . * # . 109
19 e Species Comparison - Scottsburg 1949 .......» 110
20 « Summary of Seedbed Preparation Experiments,
1949 (Average of 3 Locations) ............ 111
21. Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Different Methods of Seedbed Preparation -
Bloomington . ............................. 112
22# Yield Response of Grass -Legume Mixtures to
Different Methods of Seedbed Preparation -
Vincennes .......................... 113
23. Yield Response of Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Different Methods of Seedbed Preparation -
Scottsburg ......................... 114
24. Stands of Seeded Legumes Obtained by Different
Methods of Seedbed Preparation (Average of
3 Locations ) . . ...................... 115
25. Stands of Seeded Legumes Obtained by Different
Methods of Seedbed Preparation Average of
3 Replications - Bloomington 1949 •••••••• ll6
26# Stands of Seeded Legumes Obtained by Different
Methods of Seedbed Preparation Average of
3 Replications - Vincennes 1949 ......... # 116
27. Stands of Seeded Legumes Obtained by Different
Methods of Seedbed Preparation Average of
3 Replications - Scottsburg 1949 •«••••••• ll6
28# The Effect of Fertility and Method of Seedbed
Preparation on Winter Heaving of Birdsfoot
Trefoil - Blooming ton ................ ... . 117
29. The Effect of Fertility and Method of Seedbed
Preparation on Winter Heaving of Birdsfoot
Trefoil - Scottsburg . ............ 118
LISTS OP TABLES AND FIGURES
List of Appendix Tables - Continued
Append! x
Table Page
30* Species of Legumes and Grasses Used in
the Experiment .......... 119
31 * Composition of the Alf alf a-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixture - Bloomington . . ........ 120
32. Composition of the Alfalfa-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixture - French Lick......... 121
33• Composition of the Alfalfa-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixture - Vincennes ..... 122
31*. * Composition of the Alf alf a-Bromegrass-
Timothy Mixture - Scottsburg ......... 123
35# Composition of the Ladino Clover-Or chard
Grass Mixture - Bloomington * • ........ . . 12l|_
36* Summary of the Mineral Analysis of the
Forages at All Locations (Alfalfa-Brome-
grass-Timothy Mixtures) .................. 125
37* Comparison of the Cations in the Alf alf a-
Bromegras s-Timo thy Forage from the
Different Locations ................. 126
List of Figures
Figure
1* Response of the Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Rates of Fertilizer (Average of
l\. Locations) .......... 34.
2» Response of the Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Rates of Fertilizer (Bloomington). 35
3* Response of the Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Rates of Fertilizer (French Lick). 36
1*.# Response of the Grass-Legume Mixtures to
Varying Rates of Fertilizer (Vincennes)••• 37
