Experimental Perspectives on Presuppositions

266 Pages·2015·4.153 MB·English

by  Florian Schwarz (eds.)

STUDIES INTHEORETICAL PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Volume 45
ManagingEditors
LynFrazier,Dept.ofLinguistics,UniversityofMassachusettsatAmherst,MA,U.S.A
ThomasRoeper,Dept.ofLinguistics,UniversityofMassachusettsatAmherst,MA,U.S.A
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ManfredKrifka,HumboldtUniversity,Berlin,Germany
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YukioOtsu,KeioUniversity,Tokyo,Japan
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The goal of this series is to bring evidence from many psychological domains to
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Florian Schwarz
Editor
Experimental Perspectives
on Presuppositions
2123
Editor
FlorianSchwarz
Dept.ofLinguistics
UniversityofPennsylvania
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
USA
ISSN1873-0043
ISBN978-3-319-07979-0 ISBN978-3-319-07980-6(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-07980-6
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Contents
Introduction: Presuppositions in Context—Theoretical Issues
andExperimentalPerspectives ..................................... 1
FlorianSchwarz
Presupposition Processing andAccommodation: An Experiment
onwieder(‘again’)andConsequencesforOtherTriggers .............. 39
SonjaTiemann,MareikeKirsten,SigridBeck,IngoHertrichand
BettinaRolke
Resolving Temporary Referential Ambiguity Using
PresupposedContent .............................................. 67
JacopoRomoli,ManizehKhan,YasutadaSudoandJesseSnedeker
Presuppositionsvs.AssertedContentinOnlineProcessing ............. 89
FlorianSchwarz
PresuppositionSatisfaction,LocalityandDiscourseConstituency....... 109
ChristinaS.Kim
A Cross-Linguistic Study of the Non-at-issueness of Exhaustive
Inferences ........................................................ 135
EmilieDestruel,DanielVelleman,EdgarOnea,DylanBumford,
JingyangXueandDavidBeaver
A Cross-Linguistic Study on Information Backgrounding
andPresuppositionProjection ...................................... 157
PatríciaAmaralandChrisCummins
WeakandStrongTriggers.......................................... 173
JacquesJayez,ValeriaMongelli,AnneReboul
andJean-BaptistevanderHenst
v
vi Contents
SymmetryandIncrementalityinConditionals........................ 195
FlorianSchwarz
An Experimental Comparison Between Presuppositions
andIndirectScalarImplicatures.................................... 215
JacopoRomoliandFlorianSchwarz
Three-Year-Olds’UnderstandingofKnowandThink .................. 241
RachelDudley,NahoOrita,ValentineHacquardandJeffreyLidz
Contributors
PatríciaAmaral DepartmentofRomanceLanguages,UniversityofNorthCarolina
atChapelHill,ChapelHill,NC,USA
David Beaver Department of Linguistics, University of Texas atAustin, Austin,
USA
Sigrid Beck Descriptive and Theoretical Linguistics, University of Tuebingen,
Tuebingen,Germany
Dylan Bumford Department of Linguistics, NewYork University, NewYork, NY,
USA
ChrisCummins DepartmentofLinguisticsandEnglishLanguage,TheUniversity
ofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UK
EmilieDestruel DepartmentofFrenchandItalian&FLARE,UniversityofIowa,
IowaCity,USA
RachelDudley UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,USA
ValentineHacquard UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,USA
Jean-BaptistevanderHenst L2C2,CNRS,Lyon,France
IngoHertrich IngoHertrich,HertieInstituteforClinicalBrainResearch,Univer-
sityofTuebingen,Tuebingen,Germany
JacquesJayez ENSdeLyonandL2C2,CNRS,Lyon,France
ManizehKhan DepartmentofPsychology,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,USA
ChristinaS.Kim UniversityofKent,Canterbury,UK
Mareike Kirsten Collaborative Research Centre 833, University of Tuebingen,
Tuebingen,Germany
JeffreyLidz UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,USA
vii
viii Contributors
Valeria Mongelli Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière Research Center,
InstitutNationaldelaSantéetdelaRechercheMédicale,Paris,France
EdgarOnea CourantResearchCentre“Textstructures”,UniversityofGóttingen,
NikolausbergerWeg23,Góttingen,Germany
NahoOrita UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,USA
AnneReboul L2C2,CNRS,Lyon,France
Bettina Rolke Evolutionary Cognition, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen,
Germany
Jacopo Romoli School of Communication, University of Ulster, Jordanstown
Campus,Newtownabbey,UK
DepartmentofCognitiveScience,MacquarieUniversity,Sydney,Australia
FlorianSchwarz DepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadel-
phia,PA,USA
JesseSnedeker DepartmentofPsychology,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,USA
YasutadaSudo Linguistics,UCL,London,UnitedKingdom
LinguisticsandPhilosophydepartment,MIT,Cambridge,USA
Sonja Tiemann Collaborative Research Centre 833, University of Tuebingen,
Tuebingen,Germany
Daniel Velleman DepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,
USA
JingyangXue CourantResearchCentre“Textstructures”,UniversityofGóttingen,
NikolausbergerWeg23,Góttingen,Germany
Introduction: Presuppositions in Context—
Theoretical Issues and Experimental
Perspectives
FlorianSchwarz
Abstract Acentralissueinsemanticsandpragmaticsistounderstandhowvarious
differentaspectsofmeaningcontributetotheoverallconveyedmeaningofanutter-
ance.Assertedcontent,implicatures,andpresuppositionsarecommonlyassumedto
differintermsoftheirsource,theirstatus,andtheirinteractionwiththecontextinthe
theoreticalliterature.Thischapterstartswithabriefintroductionofthistheoretical
background, andthenreviewstheexperimentalliteratureonrelatedphenomenain
somedetail,withafocusonpresuppositions.Inthecourseofthis,thecontributions
tothepresentvolumearesituatedinthecontextofpreviouswork.Theconclusion
providesanoutlookonfuturedirections.
Keywords Presuppositions·Processing·Implicatures·Experimentalpragmatics·
Triggering · Presupposition projection · Acquis · Accommodation · Meaning in
context
1 Introduction
Thestudyofnaturallanguagemeaningwithinformallinguisticshasitsrootsinphi-
losophyoflanguageandlogic,andthistraditionseestruth-conditionsatthecenter
of the study of semantics.As Heim and Kratzer (1998) put it in the first sentence
of their influential textbook: ‘To know the meaning of a sentence is to know its
truth conditions.’One of the central concerns of current semantic research then is
tocharacterizenaturallanguagephenomenaintruth-conditionalterms.Whilemost
theorists might agree that truth-conditions are the core of linguistic meaning, it is
alsoclear—andwidelyaccepted—thattherearefurtheraspectsoftheoverallcon-
veyed meaning of a sentence uttered in a context that go beyond what I will refer
to as the conventionally encoded (or literal) at-issue content. The latter is directly
contributed by the lexical entries of the expressions involved and constitutes the
centralmessagethespeakerwishestoconvey(seealsoRoberts’s(1996)notionof
F.Schwarz((cid:2))
DepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofPennsylvania,619WilliamsHall,
255S.36thStreet,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA
e-mail:fl[email protected]
F.Schwarz(ed.),ExperimentalPerspectivesonPresuppositions, 1
StudiesinTheoreticalPsycholinguistics45,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-07980-6_1,
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015