Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

471 Pages·1977·25.602 MB·English

by  H. D. Schlumberger (auth.), Dr. Leonard Eleazar Glynn, Professor Dr. Horst Dieter Schlumberger (eds.)

Bayer-Symposium VI
Experimental Models
of Chronic
Inflammatory Diseases
Edited by
L. E. Glynn· H. D. Schlumberger
With 142 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1977
Dr. LEONARD ELEAZAR GLYNN
The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
Bute Gardens, Hammersmith, London W6 7DW, Great Britain
Professor Dr. HORST DIETER SCHLUMBERGER
Bayer Pharma-Forschungszentrum, Institut fUr Immunologie
und Onkologie
Aprather Weg, 5600 Wuppertal 1, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Bayer-Symposium VI
held at Grosse Ledder near Cologne, Germany, May 20-22, 1976
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66575-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66573-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-66573-8
Library of Congress Cataloging In PublIcatIOn Data. Bayer-SymposIUm, 6th, Grosse Ledder,
1976. Experimental models of chromc inflammatory diseases.!. InflammatIOn-Congresses.
2. InflammatIOn-EtIOlogy-Congresses. 3 Dlseases-Ammals models-Congresses. 4. Rheumatism
EtIOlogy-Congresses. I. Glynn, Leonard Eleazar. II. Schlumberger, Horst Dieter, 1933-
[DNLM: 1. Diseases models, Ammal-Congresses. 2. Lupus erythematosus, Systemic
Congresses. 3. Rheumatism-Congresses. 4. ArthrItis-Congresses. 5. Immune complex
dIsease-Congresses. W3 BA266 1976e/WE344 B357 1976e] RBI31.B39 1976
616.047 76-30736.
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Preface
With the introduction of antibiotics acute inflammatory disease
has ceased to be the dominant problem in general medical practice
and its place is now increasingly occupied by chronic inflamma
tory disease of which the rheumatic diseases constitute the most
important group. lwo aspects of these diseases need to be consid
ered, their aetiology and their pathogenesis. In some respects
the latter is more important since even when the aetiology is
known, as for example the haemolytic streptococcus in rheumatic
fever, the mechanism by which the infecting agent accomplishes
the development of the lesions that characterise the disease are
still largely unknown. Still more so is this the case in rheuma
toid arthritis and other chronic inflammations where the aetio
logical agents are unknown.
In an attempt to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms involved, sev
eral attempts have been made to induce comparable lesions in ex
perimental animals, partly to test underlying hypotheses, and
partly to provide test situations for the trial of new therapeu
tic agents. In view of the deficiencies in the current drug treat
ment of chronic inflammatory disease there are many who feel
that this is largely due to the inadequacy of the models avail
able for test purposes. In other words, are any of the available
models sufficiently close to their natural counterparts in man
to justify their use either as indicators of pathogenic mechanisms
or as subjects for therapeutic trial?
With these questions in the foreground it was decided to devote
the Sixth Bayer-Symposium to a discussion of experimental models
of chronic inflammatory disease and this volume contains the
original contributions in full, together with a considerably
condensed version of the final session which was devoted entirely
to a free discussion of the major problems that emerged from the
more formal presentation.
It became evident during the course of the symposium that four
main phenomena are at present under consideration as underlying
the persistence of a chronic inflammatory state: 1. persistent
viral infection, 2. retention of enzyme-resistant bacterial resi
dues, 3. inappropriate activation of lymphocytes, 4. autoimmunity.
The present volume provides a discussion in depth of these four
major possibilities.
London - Wuppertal L.E. GLYNN - H.D. SCHLUMBERGER
Contents
Welcome
H.D. SCHLUMBERGER
Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Lesions
Chairman: D. C • DUMONDE •.•.•.•...••.....•...........•.•...• 3
Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Inflammation
D.C. DUMONDE, ELIZABETH H. JONES, R.H. KELLY, and
CAROLYN M. OATES. With 4 Figures ..•....••...•....•.•....•. 4
Persistence of Antigen in Experimental Allergic Mono
arthritis
H.E. JASIN and T.D. COOKE .•.....•••....•...•......•....••. 28
Experimental Suhcutaneous Granulomata Simulating R.A.
Nodules
L.E. GLYNN ....................................•........... 33
Studies on the Mitotic Responsiveness of "T" Cells After
Stimulation with Contact Sensitizing Agents.
A.J.S. DAVIES, V.J. WALLIS, E. LEUCHARS, I. GERY, and
T. PALMER. With 2 Figures .•.•...•...•.•...•...•.•.....•..• 35
Rheumatoid-Type Lymph Node Changes in Animals Exhibiting
Immunoregulatory Defects
R.H. KELLY. With 6 Figures .•....•....•.•.•.•......•.••.... 41
Experimental Models and Systemic Lupus
Chairman: N. TALAL •••..........•.•.•....•....••...•..•..•. 51
Autoimmunity: A Problem of Disordered Immunologic Regulation
N. TALAL, J.R. ROUBINIAN, R. PAPOIAN, and R.J. PILLARISETTY 52
Chronic Infections of C-Type RNA Viruses
NATALIE M. TEICH and R.A. WEISS •............•......•..•..• 59
Evidence for a Virus in Canine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
R.M. LEWIS .•...•....•.•...•...•..................••.•..... 71
VIII
Viral Replication in Lymphocytes and the Pathogenesis
of Connective Tissue Diseases
A.M. DENMAN, D.J. APPLEFORD, R.C. IMRIE, M.J. KINSLEY,
B.K. PELTON, and T. SCHNITZER. With 8 Figures ••••..••••••• 77
Recent Approaches to Experimental Immune Complex Disease
and Allergic Vasculitis
Chairman: P. M. HENSON •••••••.•...••••.•.•.•.•..•..•..••.•• 93
Immune Complex Diseases: Cellular Mediators and the Patho
genesis of Inflammatory Tissue Injury Produced by Immune
Complexes
P.M. HENSON. With 1 Figure ••••....•.••...•.••.•..•..•..... 94
Antibody Affinity, Macrophage Function and Immunoregulation
in Murine Immune Complex Disease
M.W. STEWARD. With 4 Figures .................•.......••... 107
Features of Human Spontaneous Vasculitis Reproduced
Experimentally in Animals. Effects of Antiglobulins,
C-Reactive Protein and Fibrin
W.E. PARISH ...•...•........•.....•....................•... 117
Mechanisms Involved in Clinical Allergic Vasculitis
J. J. CREAM •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 S2
Significance of Anti-IgG Antibodies in Experimental
Arthritis
K. FEHR, M. VELVART, and A. BUNI. With 5 Figures .....•.... 164
Immune Complex Arthritis - In Man and Experimental Animals
G. LOEWI. With 2 Figures ............................•...•. 182
Arthritis During the Course of Experimental or Natural
Infection
Chairman: B. P. MARMION ••.•.•....•........••.••.•.....•.... 187
Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Virus Hypothesis
B.P. MARMION and J.M.K. MACKAY. With 3 Figures •.•.••...••• 188
Teno-Synovitis (Viral Arthritis) of Chickens
G• A . CULLEN ..•.........•...•......•.•...•....•.•.••••.•..• 2 1 2
Hemostasis, Fibrin Incorporation and Local Mesenchymal
Reaction in Erysipelothrix Infection as a Model for
Rheumatism Research
L.Cl. SCHULZ, H. EHARD, B. HERTRAMPF, W. DROMMER,
D. SEIDLER, and K.H. BUHM. With 18 Figures ••.....•..•...•• 215
Erysipelothrix Arthritis in Rabbits
L. E. GLYNN .................•..•....•.....•....••.•.....•.. 238
Mycoplasma Infection and Arthritis of Chickens
G. A . CULLEN ........•...•..•.•.........•.....••...•........ 2 40
IX
Experimental Models of streptococcal Arthritis: Pathoge
netic Role of Streptococcal Products and Prostaglandins
and Their Modification by Anti-Inflammatory Agents
I. GINSBURG, U. ZOR, and Y. FLOMAN. With 20 Figures .•...•• 256
Control Mechanisms in Inflammatory Responses
Chairman: R. VAN FURTH •.•......•.•...••.....•••..••....•.• 301
The Regulation of the Participation of Mononuclear Phago
cytes in Inflammatory Responses
R. VAN FURTH, D. VAN WAARDE, J. THOMPSON, and A.E. GASSMANN
With 10 Figures .••...•....•........•.....•.•.•...•.••.••.. 302
The Kinetics of Chronic Inflammatory Cellular Infiltrates
W.G. SPECTOR .••....•..•.••.•....•.•••.•.•...•..•..•..•..•. 327
Pathology of Lymphoid Tissue in Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Allied Diseases
B. SCHNITZER. With 16 Figures •....•...•.....•...•...•..•.. 331
Lymphocyte Infiltration and Proliferation of Stroma Cells
of Synovial Tissue in Rheumatoid Arthritis
H. G. FASSBENDER. With 6 Figures ....•.•..•..•......•..•..•. 349
Aspects of Synovial Biodegradation
D.P. PAGE-THOMAS. With 15 Figures .•.•.....•.•....•.•...•.. 353
An Effect of Joint Fluid on Blood Monocytes
G. LOEWI and J. REYNOLDS. With 1 Figure .•.....•.•••....•.• 366
Should We Stimulate or Suppress the Inflammatory Response?
Chairman: D.A. WILLOUGHBY ..•...•••....•..••••.•.••.••.•••. 369
Should We Suppress or Stimulate the Immune Response in
Inflammation?
D.A. WILLOUGHBY, C.J. DUNN, P.A. DIEPPE, and E.C. HUSKISSON
Wi th 3 Figures ......•.•........•.....•..•..........•.••..• 370
The Action of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Lymphocyte
Macrophage Axis
J. MORLEY, M.A. BRAY, and D. GORDON. With 3 Figures ..•.... 376
Problems in Analysing the Actions of Immunosuppressive
Agents in Immuno-Inflammatory Disease
M.C. BERENBAUM. With 4 Figures •....••.•.•.••.•...•..•...•. 391
Influence of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Connective Tissue
Metabolism
H. GREILING, A.M. GRESSNER, and H.W. STUHLSATZ
With 11 Figures •...•••.••.......•.•...•..•.......•..•....• 406
Final General Discussion and Resume
Chairman: L. E. GLYNN ........•............................. 421
Subject Index •.......•.....•.........................••... 443
List of Participants
BERENBAUM, M. C. St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School,
Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 lPG,
Great Britain
CREAM, J.J. Dept. of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hos
pital, Medical School, Fulham Palace Road,
London W6 8RF, Great Britain
CULLEN, G.A. Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of
Agriculture, Weybridge, Surrey, Great
Britain
DAVIES, A.J.S. Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer
Hospital, Chester Beatty Research Institute,
Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, Great Britain
DENMAN, A.M. Clinical Research Centre, Division of
Immunology, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
HA1 3UJ, Great Britain
DUMONDE, D.C. The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute
of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, Hammersmith,
London W6 7DW, Great Britain
FASSBENDER, H.G. Zentrum fUr Rheuma-Pathologie, Kleine
WindmUhlenstraBe 2 1/10, 6500 Mainz,
Fed. Rep. of Germany
FEHR, K. Universitats-Rheumaklinik, Gloria-StraBe 25,
CH 8006 ZUrich, Switzerland
VAN FURTH, R. Department of Infectious Diseases, Uni
versity Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
GINSBURG, I. Department Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental
Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah,
Medical Centre, POB 1171, Jerusalem, Israel
GLYNN, L.E. The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute
of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, Hammersmith
London W6 7DW, Great Britain
XII
GREILING, H. Klinisch-chem. Zentrallaboratorium der
Medizinischen Fakultat der Technischen
Hochschule, Goethe-StraBe 27-29,
5100 Aachen, Fed. Rep. of Germany
HENSON, P.M. Department of Immunopathology, Scripps
Clinic and Res. Foundation, 476 Prospect
Street, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
HEWLETT, G. Institut fUr Immunologie und Onkologie,
Bayer AG, Friedrich Ebert-Str. 217,
5600 Wuppertal 1, Fed. Rep. of Germany
JASIN, H.E. Rheumatic Diseases Unit, University of
Texas, Southwestern Medical School,
5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas,
TX 75235, USA
KELLY, R.H. Clinical Immunopathology Unit, Department
of Pathology, Scaife Hall, University of
Pittsburgh, Medical School, Pittsburgh,
PA 15261, USA
LEMMEL, E.M. Institut fUr Med. Mikrobiologie der
Universitat, Langenbeck-StraBe 1,
6500 Mainz, Fed. Rep. of Germany
LEWIS, R.M. Department of pathology, New York State
College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
LOEWI, G. Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park
Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
HAl 3UJ, Great Britain
MARMION, B.P. Department of Bacteriology, University
Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, Great Britain
MORLEY, J. Cardiothoracic Institute, Department of
Clinical Pharmacology, Fulham Road,
London SW3 6HP, Great Britain
OPITZ, H.G. Zentrum fUr klinische Grundlagenforschung
der Universitat, Park-StraBe 10/11,
7900 Ulm, Fed. Rep. of Germany
PAGE-THOMAS, D.P. Strangeways Research Laboratory,
Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CBl 4RN
Great Britain
PARISH, W.E. Environmental Safety Division, Unilever
Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook,
Bedford MK44 lLQ, Great Britain
XIII
PEARSON, C.M. University of California, Department of
Medicine, School of Medicine, The Center
for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles,
CA 90024, USA
SCHLUMBERGER, H.D. Institut fUr Immunologie und Onkologie,
Bayer AG, Friedrich-Ebert-StraBe 217,
5600 Wuppertal 1, Fed. Rep. of Germany·
SCHNITZER, B. The University of Michigan, Medical School,
Department of Pathology, Pathology Building,
1335 E.Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,
USA
SCHULZ, L. Cl. Institut fUr Pathologie der Tierarztlichen
Hochschule, Bischofsholer Damm 15,
3000 Hannover, Fed. Rep. of Germany
SPECTOR, W.G. Department of Histopathology, St. Bartholo
mew's Hospital, Medical College, West Smith
field, London EC1A 7BE, Great Britain
STEWARD, M.W. The Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute
of Rheumatology, Bute Gardens, Hammersmith,
London \V'6 7DW, Great Britain
TALAL, N. Veterans Administration Hospital, 4150
Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121,
USA
TEICH, N.M. Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories,
Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX,
Great Britain
WEISS, R.A. Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories,
Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX,
Great Britain
WILLOUGHBY, D.A. Rheumatology and Experimental Pathology
Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
Medical College, West Smithfield, London
EC1A 7BE, Great Britain