Experimental Acupuncturology

212 Pages·2018·4.7 MB·English

by  Jaung-Geng Lin

Experimental
Acupuncturology
Jaung-Geng Lin
Editor
123
Experimental Acupuncturology
Jaung-Geng Lin
Editor
Experimental
Acupuncturology
Editor
Jaung-Geng Lin
China Medical University
Taichung
Taiwan
ISBN 978-981-13-0970-0 ISBN 978-981-13-0971-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0971-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018955934
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Foreword
I am honored to provide a foreword to this book, Experimental Acupuncturology. I
congratulate Professor Jaung-Geng Lin and his team of experts on successfully
completing this compilation of scientific evidence corroborating the clinical effects
of acupuncture in various physiological and psychological conditions.
Formal recognition by the WHO and UNESCO as to the use and efficacy of acu-
puncture science in modern medicine has encouraged significant investment into the
research and development of acupuncture science among top-ranking health science
research institutions in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, France, and the USA.
This book features the use of acupuncture as a scientifically verifiable treatment
for significant health-related issues including analgesia, drug addiction, depression,
cognitive deficits, chronic itch, peripheral nerve regeneration, stroke, diabetes mel-
litus, sleep regulation, and gastrointestinal function. In this book, authors of chapters
describe the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture in each
condition, verifying the millennium-long and subjective experience. Discussions of
preclinical experimental results in this book offer indisputable evidence as to how
acupuncture modulates various aspects of the mammalian system, often leading to
dramatic, measurable, and sustained improvements in disease-r elated symptoms.
This book provides a new direction and guidance as to how the medical community
can proceed with acupuncturology in modern prevention and precision medicine.
The editor of this book, Professor Lin, is the first Taiwanese scholar to ever
receive a PhD in Acupuncture Science. In 1980, he received the Highest Golden
Burnoose Award from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Since then, he has received
countless worldwide awards. His long-standing work in the clinic and laboratory
has accrued abundant long-term experience in acupuncturology over many years.
This wealth of experience places Dr. Lin in a unique position to effectively support
the current and future medicinal community, both now and in the future. Indeed,
since 2012, Dr. Lin has been recognized as an expert by the WHO and UNESCO;
both organizations continue to seek his expertise and advice on acupuncture.
With yet more scientific evidence awaiting publications, I look forward to read-
ing more chapters in future.
Taichung, Taiwan Chancellor Wen-Hwa Lee
v
Editor’s Preface
I am a medical doctor and also a Chinese medical doctor. I have always been pas-
sionate about general surgery, internal medicine, and Chinese medicine. My interest
in acupuncture practice led me to work initially in Taipei Veterans General Hospital,
where I was assigned to practice and provide medical service in Saudi Arabia from
1979 to 1980. Over my 40 years of practice, I have used acupuncture to successfully
treat pain, anxiety, and insomnia and other disorders. Over that time, many world-
wide national leaders and famous people have been treated with my acupuncture
treatment.
From my understanding, the classic literature describes the effects of acupunc-
ture according to personal experience only. The mechanisms underlying acupunc-
ture effects have not yet been elucidated. Modern medicine needs animal studies to
explore these mechanisms.
To answer this need, I encouraged my team of acupuncture research associates
from China Medical University, National Taiwan University, and Da-Yeh University
to contribute their clinical experience for this book. Their selected topics cover a
brief history of acupuncture, how acupuncture affects analgesia, addiction, depres-
sion, itch, peripheral nerve regeneration, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defi-
cits, and sleep disorders. In an effort to make this book even more useful, I also
invited contributions from Professor Jen-Hwey Chiu at National Yang-Ming
University, Professor Litscher Gerhard at the Medical University of Graz in Austria,
and Professor Xinyan Gao at the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China. These experts have added chapters covering details on moxibustion,
laser acupuncture, and the effects of acupuncture in gastrointestinal function. This
book has been proofread by Ms. Iona MacDonald, and I would like to extend my
special appreciation and thanks to her.
This book aims to provide new direction and guidance on how the medical com-
munity can proceed with acupuncturology in the modern era of preventive and pre-
cision medicine. I hope that this book will prove to be an important reference for
researchers devoted to the study of acupuncture and that it will serve as a textbook
of experimental acupuncturology for medical students and clinicians.
Taichung, Taiwan Jaung-Geng Lin
vii
Contents
1 A Brief History of Acupuncture: From Traditional
Acupuncturology to Experimental Acupuncturology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chin-Yi Cheng and Jaung-Geng Lin
2 Acupuncture Analgesia for Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Yi-Wen Lin and Jaung-Geng Lin
3 Electroacupuncture for the Treatment of Morphine
and Cocaine Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Yi-Hung Chen and Jaung-Geng Lin
4 Acupuncture Treatment in Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Kuan-Pin Su, Li-Wei Chou, Mao-Feng Sun,
and Jaung-Geng Lin
5 Acupuncture and Itch: Basic Research Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Yi-Hung Chen and Jaung-Geng Lin
6 Effects of Acupuncture on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration . . . . . . . . . 81
Yueh-Sheng Chen, Cherng-Jyh Ke, Ching-Yun Chen,
and Jaung-Geng Lin
7 The Effect of Acupuncture on Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Chin-Yi Cheng and Jaung-Geng Lin
8 Experimental Study of Electroacupuncture Therapy in Diabetes
Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Shih-Liang Chang, Yu-Chen Lee, and Jaung-Geng Lin
9 Experimental Models for Mechanistic Studies of Moxibustion . . . . . 143
Jen-Hwey Chiu
10 Acupuncture Elicits Neuroprotective Effect by Ameliorating
Cognitive Deficits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Hsin-Ping Liu and Jaung-Geng Lin
11 Acupuncture on Sleep Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Fang-Chia Chang, Pei-Lu Yi, and Jaung-Geng Lin
ix
x Contents
12 High-Tech Acupuncture Research: Laser Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Gerhard Litscher
13 Acupuncture Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function by
Selection of Homotopic and Heterotopic Acupoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Kun Liu, Shu-Ya Wang, Xiang Cui, Xiao-Xue Li,
Shu Han, Xun He, Xin-Yan Gao, and Bing Zhu
A Brief History of Acupuncture: 1
From Traditional Acupuncturology
to Experimental Acupuncturology
Chin-Yi Cheng and Jaung-Geng Lin
Abstract
The practice of acupuncture guided by the meridian theory is first mentioned in
the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine. The basic theories and tech-
niques of acupuncture were established in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first
book to combine the theories and practices of acupuncture was the Systemic
Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, written by Huangfu Mi. In the Song
Dynasty, Wang Wei-Yi designed two life-size male bronze statues, which are
recognized as the earliest bronze acupuncture models to be used for teaching
purposes. During the Ming Dynasty, The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and
Moxibustion by Yang Ji-Zhou had a huge influence on the development of mod-
ern acupuncture. In the early twentieth century, the development of acupuncture
fell into neglect. However, much research subsequently explored acupuncture
using modern scientific techniques and methods. From the 1950s to the 1980s,
acupuncture gained new life through exploration of traditional theories and
modern research. Scientific techniques explored the essence of meridians, acu-
puncture analgesia and anesthesia, the characteristics of de qi, and the phenom-
enon of propagated sensations along channels. At the same time, the launch of
academic conferences greatly advanced the quality of experimental acupunctur-
ology studies. The period from 1980 until now marks an important stage of
development in experimental acupuncturology. Since the introduction of acu-
puncture in other countries including Japan, Korea, France, and the U.S.A.,
C.-Y. Cheng
School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan
Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
J.-G. Lin (*)
School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 1
J.-G. Lin (ed.), Experimental Acupuncturology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0971-7_1
2 C.-Y. Cheng and J.-G. Lin
acupuncture has become more popular, developed rapidly, and has undergone
systematic research.
Accumulating evidence reveals the benefits of acupuncture in treating various
pathological conditions including pain, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, neuro-
psychological disorders, drug addictions, itchy skin conditions, immune disor-
ders, and diabetes. Further analysis into the mechanisms of acupuncture is
needed to determine future clinical applications for acupuncture.
Keywords
Acupuncture · Meridian · Acupuncture analgesia · Experimental
acupuncturology
1.1 Historical Events of Traditional Acupuncturology
According to the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, which was written
over 2000 years ago, acupuncture comprises an important part of traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM) and has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, under guidance of
the meridian theory (Zhou and Benharash 2014a; White and Ernst 2004). The
meridian theory believes that the qi (vital energy) and blood flow continuously
through the meridians, which connect with corresponding organs. Acupuncture
stimulation corrects the imbalance of qi-blood-yin-yang in the meridians and the
target organs, and activates the regulatory functions to restore a healthier balance,
thereby relieving suffering from disorders (Kong et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2014). In
the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous medical doctor Zhang Zhong-Jing used acu-
puncture and moxibustion methods under Nanjing guidance to treat various dis-
eases, as described in his book Treatise on Febrile Disease (Zhang and Li 1999).
During this period, the basic theories and fundamental techniques of acupuncture
and moxibustion were established, but the precise location of acupuncture points
remained unclear. Later, the renowned medical doctor Huangfu Mi wrote the
Systemic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (256–282 A.D.), consisting of 12
volumes with 128 chapters and describing 349 acupoints (Zhang and Li 1999; Jiang
1985). This book details each of the organic meridians, the exact location of acu-
points, gives detailed indications and methods of manipulation, and is recognized as
being the first book to combine the theories and practices of acupuncture and moxi-
bustion. It is also one of the most influential works available on acupuncture and
moxibustion (Zhang et al. 2013). In the Tang Dynasty, the famous physician Sun
Si-Miao compiled Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies (Bei Ji
Qian Jin Yao Fang), in which a great deal of clinical experience in acupuncture
treatment was recorded (Huang and Huang 2001). Subsequently, acupuncture was
established over time as a special branch of medicine and continued to be developed
and practiced, eventually becoming one of the most common types of therapy used
in China (White and Ernst 2004). In the Song Dynasty, the famous acupuncturist
Wang Wei-Yi was ordered by the government to revise the acupuncture classics,