Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

421 Pages·2015·50.56 MB·English

by  Terry W. Campbell

F O U R T H
E D I T I O N
Exotic Animal
Hematology
and Cytology
Terry W. Campbell

Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology
(cid:2)
FOURTH EDITION

Exotic Animal
Hematology and
Cytology
(cid:2)
FOURTH EDITION
TERRY W. CAMPBELL,
DVM, PhD
Associate Professor of Zoological Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Colorado State University
Thiseditionfirstpublished2015
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Campbell,TerryW.,1949–author.
[Avianandexoticanimalhematologyandcytology]
Exoticanimalhematologyandcytology/TerryW.Campbell.–Fourthedition.
p.;cm.
PrecededbyAvianandexoticanimalhematologyandcytology/TerryW.CampbellandChristineK.Ellis.3rded.
1995.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-61127-2(cloth)
1. Exotic animals–Diseases. 2. Exotic animals–Diseases–Treatment. 3. Veterinary hematology. 4. Veterinary
cytology. I.Title.
[DNLM: 1. Animal Diseases–diagnosis. 2. Animals, Domestic–physiology. 3. Cytodiagnosis–veterinary.
4.HematologicTests–veterinary. 5.Pets–physiology. SF997.5.E95]
SF997.5.E95C362015
636.089′607561–dc23
2014031695
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailable
inelectronicbooks.
Setin11/12ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2015
CONTENTS
Preface, xi
Acknowledgments, xiii
ScientificNamesUsedinText, xv
SECTIONI EVALUATIONOFPERIPHERALBLOODFILMSANDHEMICCYTOLOGY
1. PeripheralBloodofMammals, 3
NormalHemicCells, 3
Erythrocytes, 3
Leukocytes, 4
Platelets, 8
EvaluationofMammalianErythrocytes, 16
InflammatoryLeukograminMammals, 25
NeutrophiliaofExcitementandStressinMammals, 28
EosinophiliaandEosinopeniainMammals, 30
ThrombocytopeniaandThrombocytosisinMammals, 32
References, 33
2. PeripheralBloodofBirds, 37
EvaluationofAvianErythrocytes, 37
AnemiainBirds, 40
Hypochromasia, 44
AvianErythrocytosis, 44
EvaluationofAvianLeukocytes, 44
InflammatoryLeukograminBirds, 51
HeterophiliaofExcitementandStressinBirds, 54
LeukopeniainBirds, 55
Heteropenia, 56
Lymphopenia, 56
MonocytosisinBirds, 56
EosinophiliaandEosinopeniainBirds, 57
Thrombocytopenia, 58
Thrombocytosis, 58
NormalVariationsintheHemogramofBirds, 58
References, 60
3. PeripheralBloodofReptiles, 67
EvaluationofReptilianErythrocytesandAnemia, 67
InclusionBodyDisease, 71
LeukocytesandInflammatoryinReptiles, 71
Heterophils, 72
v
vi
CONTENTS
Eosinophils, 73
Basophils, 73
Lymphocytes, 73
Monocytes, 73
ReferenceValues, 75
Inflammation, 77
ConsiderationsintheInterpretationoftheReptilianHemogram, 79
Leukemia, 79
EosinophiliainReptiles, 79
BasophiliainReptiles, 79
LymphocytosisandLymphopeniainReptiles, 82
MonocytosisinReptiles, 84
ReptileThrombocytes, 85
References, 85
4. PeripheralBloodofAmphibians, 89
EvaluationofAmphibianErythrocytes, 89
EvaluationofAmphibianLeukocytes, 90
EvaluationofAmphibianThrombocytes, 93
References, 94
5. PeripheralBloodofFish, 97
EvaluationofFishErythrocytes, 97
EvaluationofFishLeukocytes, 101
LeukocytesofCommonlyStudiedTeleostFish, 108
EvaluationofFishThrombocytesandHemostasis, 111
References, 112
6. BloodParasites, 115
AvianBloodParasites, 115
ReptileBloodParasites, 122
AmphibianBloodParasites, 125
FishBloodParasites, 125
References, 127
7. BoneMarrow/Hematopoiesis, 131
MammalianHematopoiesisandBoneMarrowEvaluation, 131
AvianHematopoiesisandBoneMarrowEvaluation, 138
AvianHematopoieticTissueOtherThanBoneMarrow, 145
ReptileHematopoiesisandBoneMarrowEvaluation, 145
AmphibianHematopoiesisandBoneMarrowEvaluation, 148
PiscineHematopoiesis, 149
References, 151
SECTIONII BLOODSAMPLEANDBONEMARROWCOLLECTION
8. BloodSampleCollectionandPreparationinSmallMammals, 157
SmallRodents:Mice(Musmusculus),Rats(Rattusnorvegicus),Gerbils(Meriones
unguiculatus),Hamsters(Mesocricetusauratus), 157
Rabbit(Oryctolaguscuniculus), 158
GuineaPig(Caviaporcellus)andChinchilla(Chinchillalanigera), 160
SugarGlider(Petaurusbreviceps), 160
Hedgehog(Atelerixalbiventris), 161
Ferret(Mustelaputoriusfuro), 161
vii
CONTENTS
OtherMethodsofBloodCollection, 162
BloodSamplePreparation, 163
References, 163
9. BloodSampleCollectionandPreparationinBirds, 165
Restraint, 165
BloodCollection, 165
References, 172
10. BloodSampleCollectionandPreparationinReptiles, 173
References, 178
11. BloodSampleCollectionandPreparationinAmphibians, 181
References, 182
12. BloodSampleCollectionandPreparationinFish, 183
References, 185
13. BoneMarrowCollectionandEvaluation, 187
Mammals, 187
Birds, 190
Reptiles, 194
References, 195
SECTIONIII HEMATOLOGICTECHNIQUES
14. HematologicTechniquesinLowerVertebrates, 199
EvaluationofErythrocytes, 199
EvaluationofLeukocytes, 202
EvaluationofThrombocytes, 204
References, 204
SECTIONIV CYTODIAGNOSIS
15. NormalMammalianCytology, 209
TheDigestiveTract, 209
TheRespiratoryTract, 212
TheSkin, 212
TheEye, 214
JointFluid, 214
LymphNodes, 215
Spleen, 216
Liver, 216
Kidney, 217
References, 217
16. NormalAvianCytology, 219
TheDigestiveTract, 219
RespiratoryTract, 220
TheSkin, 221
TheEye, 223
JointFluid, 224
LymphoidTissue, 225
viii
CONTENTS
Liver, 226
Kidney, 227
References, 227
17. NormalHerptile(ReptilesandAmphibian)Cytology, 229
TheDigestiveTract, 229
RespiratoryTract, 229
TheSkin, 232
References, 233
18. TheCytologyofInflammation, 235
Neutrophilic/HeterophilicInflammationofMammals, 235
HeterophilicInflammationofBirdsandReptiles, 237
SepticInflammation, 240
MixedCellInflammation, 240
MacrophagicInflammation, 240
EosinophilicInflammation, 243
InflammatoryLesionsoftheAlimentaryTract, 244
InflammationoftheRespiratoryTract, 247
InflammationoftheSkin, 252
InflammationofSynovialJoints, 253
InflammationofLymphoidTissue, 257
InflammationoftheLiver, 258
OphthalmicInflammation, 259
InflammationofFish, 262
References, 263
19. TheCytologyofHyperplasia/BenignNeoplasia, 267
Adipose, 267
HepaticLipidosis, 268
EpidermalCyst, 270
SebaceousCysts, 271
FeatherCysts, 271
Papillomas, 271
Papillomatosis, 272
Histiocytoma, 272
Chordomas, 273
Leiomyoma, 273
SquamousHyperplasia/Metaplasia, 273
LymphoidHyperplasia, 274
ThyroidHyperplasia, 274
References, 274
20. TheCytologyofMalignantNeoplasia, 277
GeneralCellularFeaturesofMalignantNeoplasia, 277
CytoplasmicFeaturesofMalignantNeoplasia, 277
NuclearFeaturesofMalignantNeoplasia, 278
StructuralFeaturesofMalignantNeoplasia, 280
CellularArrangements, 291
LowerVertebrates(Birds,Reptiles,andAmphibians), 292
NeoplasiaoftheGastrointestinalTract, 293
NeoplasiaoftheRespiratoryTract, 293
CutaneousNeoplasms, 294
OcularNeoplasia, 298
NeoplasmsofJointsandBone, 298