Table Of ContentFIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series
Editor-in-Chief: Walter Greiner
Walter Greiner Editor
Exciting
Interdisciplinary
Physics
Quarks and Gluons
Atomic Nuclei
Relativity and Cosmology
Biological Systems
FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series
Editor-in-Chief
Walter Greiner, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Editorial Board
Ernst Bamberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Marc Thilo Figge, Jena, Germany
Thomas Haberer, Heidelberg, Germany
Volker Lindenstruth, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Joachim Reinhardt, Frankfurt, Germany
Klaus Schulten, Urbana, USA
Wolf Singer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Horst Stöcker, Darmstadt, Germany
For furthervolumes:
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Walter Greiner
Editor
Exciting Interdisciplinary
Physics
Quarks and Gluons
Atomic Nuclei
Relativity and Cosmology
Biological Systems
123
Editor
Prof.Dr. Dr.h.c. mult. Walter Greiner
Frankfurt InstituteforAdvanced Studies
Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt
Frankfurt
Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-00046-6 ISBN 978-3-319-00047-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00047-3
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Preface
Nuclear physics is an exciting, broadly faceted field. It spans a wide range of
topics, reaching from nuclear structure physics to high-energy physics, astro-
physics, and medical physics (heavy ion tumor therapy). The Symposium on
Exciting Physics held from 13 to 20 November 2011 at Makutsi Safari Farm,
SouthAfricahasaimedtobringtogetherspecialistsfrommanyofthesefieldsfora
constructive dialogue. New developments were presented and the status of
research was reviewed.
A major focus was put on nuclear structure physics, dealing with superheavy
elementsandwithvariousformsofexoticnuclei:strangenuclei,veryneutronrich
nuclei, nuclei of antimatter. Also quantum electrodynamics of strong fields was
addressed,whichislinkedtotheoccurrenceofgiantnuclearsystemsin,e.g.,U?U
collisions.Athighenergiesnuclearphysicsjoinswithelementaryparticlephysics.
Various speakers addressed the theory of elementary matter at high densities and
temperature, in particular the quark gluon plasma which is predicted by quantum
chromodynamics (QCD) to occur inhigh-energy heavy ioncollisions. Inthe field
of nuclear astrophysics, the properties of neutron stars and quark stars were dis-
cussed. A topic which transcends nuclear physics and which is close to my heart
was discussed in two talks: The proposed pseudocomplex extension of Einstein’s
GeneralRelativityleadstothepredictionthattherearenoblackholesandthatbig
bang cosmology has to be revised. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of the
conference was further accentuated by talks on protein folding and on magneto-
reception in birds and many other animals.
Much of the research discussed at the symposium is also conducted at the
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) which is dedicated to interdisci-
plinary theoretical research in the natural sciences. The establishment of FIAS
goes back to the initiative of the former president of Frankfurt University, Prof.
Rudolf Steinberg, who invited me and the neuroscientist Prof. Wolf Singer (Max
Planck Institute for Brain Research) in 2004 to lay the foundation for a new
independentbroad-basedresearchinstitute.Tomakethispossiblewehadtosearch
for support from funding institutions and also from private sponsors. Very
important in this respect was my contact with Prof. Carlo Giersch and his wife
v
vi Preface
Senator h.c. Karin Giersch who sponsored the FIAS-building (see the picture
below),tomymindoneofthenicestscientificinstitutesworldwide.Morethan150
scientists (physicists, biologists, chemists, ...) are presently working at FIAS as
fellows, guest scientists, doctoral students, etc.; quite a number of them are
attending and contributing to this conference.
IsuggestedtomySouth-African colleagueandfriend Prof. Zeblon Vilakazi to
hold this conferenceat Makutsi, whichI have known fromformer visits. Makutsi
givesusthefeelingof‘‘realAfrica’’,notlikethebigtownslikeJohannesburgand
Cape Town which represent ‘‘Europe in Africa’’.
The Makutsi Safari Farm was founded in the late 1970s by the German
Dr.GerhardWeber.Amathematicianbytraining,Dr.WebercametoSouthAfrica
on a professional assignment, fell in love with the country and decided to settle
there, founding the Makutsi Farm at a wonderful location, combining a beautiful
landscape and fascinating wildlife. Dr. Weber organized our lecturing hall in the
neighboring camp and the daily trips back and forth through the bushveld: fan-
tastic!Oursincerethanksgotohim,hisfamilyandhisstaffforhavingarrangedall
this so excellently.
My special thanks go also to my Capetown colleagues Dr. Richard Newman
and Prof. Zeblon Vilakazi for their cordial help, and in particular to Mrs. Laura
Quist,mysecretary,andtoMrs.DanielaRadulescu,our‘chieffinancialofficer’at
the Frankfurt Institute für Theoretische Physik. Dr. Joachim Reinhardt in his
attentive and reliable way has coordinated and prepared the presentations for the
printing. They all helped to make this symposium a success!
TheproceedingsoftheMakutsisymposiumarepublishedasthefirstvolumeof
the ‘‘FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series’’. This new series of books published
TheFrankfurtInstituteforAdvancedStudies
Preface vii
by Springer-Verlag will comprise monographs, multi-author volumes and con-
ference proceedings dedicated to all areas of research pursued at FIAS. I am
grateful to Springer-Verlag for making this possible and in particular to Dr.
Thorsten Schneider for constructive cooperation and continuous support.
Frankfurt, November 2011 Walter Greiner
Contents
Part I Superheavy Elements
Exciting Physics: Superheavy, Superneutronic, Superstrange
Nuclear Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Walter Greiner
Overview and Perspectives of SHE Research at GSI SHIP. . . . . . . . . 23
Sigurd Hofmann
Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms Induced by Heavy Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . 33
M. G. Itkis, I. M. Itkis, G. N. Knyazheva and E. M. Kozulin
Search for Superheavy Elements in Nature
(Experimental Approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
A. G. Popeko
Superheavies: Short-Term Experiments and Far-Reaching Designs. . . 55
V. I. Zagrebaev, A. V. Karpov, I. N. Mishustin and Walter Greiner
Superheavy Nuclei: Decay and Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A. V. Karpov, V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela
and Walter Greiner
Stability Peninsulas at the Neutron Drip Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Dmitry Gridnev, V. N. Tarasov, K. A. Gridnev, S. Schramm,
D. V. Tarasov and W. Greiner
Unexpected Strong Decay Mode of Superheavy Nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner
ix
x Contents
Part II Nuclear Structure and Reactions
Coupled-Channel Effects in Collisions Between Heavy Ions Near
the Coulomb Barrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
C. Beck
Collinear Cluster Tri-Partition as a Probe of Clustering
in Heavy Nuclei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
D. V. Kamanin, A. A. Alexandrov, I. A. Alexandrova, N. A. Kondtatyev,
E. A. Kuznetsova, O. V. Strekalovsky, V. E. Zhuchko, Yu. V. Pyatkov,
W. von Oertzen, Yu. E. Lavrova, A. N. Tyukavkin, O. V. Falomkina,
N. Jacobs, V. Malaza and Yu. V. Ryabov
Pairing Influence in Binary Nuclear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
R. A. Gherghescu, D. N. Poenaru and W. Greiner
Chiral Symmetry in Real Nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Obed Shirinda and Elena Lawrie
The Fascinating c-Ray World of the Atomic Nucleus:
The Evolution of Nuclear Structure in 158Er and the Future
of c-Ray Spectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Xiaofeng Wang and Mark A. Riley
High Energy-Resolution Experiments with the K600 Magnetic
Spectrometer at Intermediate Energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Iyabo Usman
Activities at iThemba LABS Cyclotron Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
R. M. Bark, J. Cornell, J. J. Lawrie and Z. Z. Vilakazi
Part III High-Energy Nuclear Physics
New Forms of High Energy Density Matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Larry McLerran
Antinuclei Produced in Relativistic Collisions: Results
and Expectations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Thorsten Kollegger and Reinhard Stock
RHIC and LHC Phenomena with a Unified Parton Transport . . . . . . 211
Ioannis Bouras, Andrej El, Oliver Fochler, Felix Reining, Florian Senzel,
Jan Uphoff, Christian Wesp, Zhe Xu and Carsten Greiner
Contents xi
The QGP Phase in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
E. L. Bratkovskaya, V. P. Konchakovski, O. Linnyk, W. Cassing,
V. Voronyuk and V. D. Toneev
Recent HBT Results from a Hybrid Transport Approach
to Heavy Ion Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Marcus Bleicher and Gunnar Graef
Energy Loss of Heavy Quarks—A Signal of Plasma Properties. . . . . . 243
J. Aichelin
The Thermal Model and the Tsallis Distribution at the Large
Hadron Collider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
J. Cleymans
The Mini Bang and the Big Bang: From Collider to Cosmology. . . . . 261
Bikash Sinha
From d-Bars to Antimatter- and Hyperclusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
J. Steinheimer, Zhangbu Xu, P. Rau, C. Sturm and H. Stöcker
Part IV Astrophysics, Particle Physics
Astronomical Tests of General Relativity and the Pseudo-Complex
Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Thomas Boller and Andreas Müller
Black Holes or Gray Stars? That’s the Question:
Pseudo-Complex General Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Peter O. Hess, W. Greiner, T. Schönenbach and G. Caspar
Structure and Cooling of Neutron and Hybrid Stars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
S. Schramm, V. Dexheimer, R. Negreiros, T. Schürhoff
and J. Steinheimer
Nuclei in Strongly Magnetised Neutron Star Crusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Rana Nandi and Debades Bandyopadhyay
Generation Model of Particle Physics and the Parity
of the Neutral Pion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Brian Robson
