Table Of ContentEXCITATORY AMINO
ACIDS AND NEURONAL
PLASTICITY
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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EXCITATORY AMINO
ACIDS AND NEURONAL
PLASTICITY
Edited by
Yehezkel Ben -Ari
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
Paris, France
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
LIbrary of Congress Cataloglng-In-Publlcatlon Data
European Neuroscience Association Satellite Symposium on Excitatory
Amino Acids and Neuronal Plasticity (1989 : Fillerval. France)
Excitatory amino acids and neuronal plasticity I edited by
Yehezkel Ben-Arl.
p. cm. -- (Advances In experl.ental medicine and biology v.
268)
"Proceedings of the European Neuroscience Association Satellite
Symposium on Excitatory Amino Acids and Neuronal Plasticity. held
August 27-31. 1989. In Flllerval. France··--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4684-5771-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-5769-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-5769-8
1. Excitatory amino aCids--Congresses. 2. Neuroplastlclty
-Congresses. I. Ben-Arl. Yehezkel. II. Title. III. Series.
[ONLM: 1. Amino Aclds--physlology--congresses. 2. Neuronal
Plastlclty--congresses. 3. Synaptic Receptors--physlology
-congresses. Wl A0559 v. 868 I CU 60 E795e 1989]
CP364.7.E95 1989
591' . 188--dc20
DNLM/OLC
for Library of Congress 90-7177
CIP
Proceedings of the European Neuroscience Association
Satellite Symposium on Excitatory Amino Acids and
Neuronal Plasticity. held August 27-31, 1989,
in Fillerval, France
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990
Sof'tcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1990
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
FOREWORD
Adult and immature nervous system are capable of considerable "plasticity" and unravelling
the underlying mechanisms is one of the principal and most fascinating goals of Neurobiology. A
major contribution to our understanding of neural plasticity has come from recent studies in excitato
ry amino acids -which are thought to mediate a large part of the excitatory synaptic transmission
on the brain. Important steps in this explosive field are: 1) the synthesis of relatively specific
antagonists of the N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors subtypes, 2) the
characterization of the unique features of the NMDA receptor channel complex notably its voltage
dependent Mg++ blockade, its permeability to calcium and its allosteric modulation by glycine, 3)
the demonstration that by virtue of their Ca++ permeability NMDA receptors are involved in
many -but not all -synapses in the initiation but not the maintennce of long term potentiation
(L TP) an experimented model of learning and memory processes. More recent studies also indicate
tha excitatory amino acids also play an important role in developmental plasticity in vivo; in
cell cultures low levels of excitatory amino acids have trophic roles and can inhibit or promote
neurite growth. Excitatory amino acids also play an important role also in other forms of neural
plasticity such as the use dependent permanent changes in neural circuit produced by brief seizures
(epileptogenesis) as well as the reactive sprouting and neosynapse formation which take place in
epilepsy models and after deafferentiation or lesions. Finally, there has been considerable
interest in the involvement of excitatory amino acids in anoxia.
A general message which emerges from this field is that perhaps similar cellular signals are
involved in brain development, sprouting, and synapse formation and learning in adults and that
these signals, as well as growth factors, may also play an important role in degenerative
disorders.
This book contains the proceedings of the first symposium devoted to Excitatory Amino Acids
(EAA) and neural plasticity. The international meeting held at the Chateau Fillerval (France)
27-31 August 1989, was attended by over 130 participants. Its organization and program were
similar to the 2 previous meetings I have organized (or co-organized) in Fillerval (Ben-Ari 1981,
Schwartz and Bcn-Ari 1985). Like these previous meetings the present one was truly
pluridisciplinary including sessions on pharmacology, physiology, morphology, neurochemistry,
molecular biology and learning paradigms.
The meeting was divided in 4 principal topics:
1) Introduction to EAA mechanisms.
2) EAA and long term potentiation.
3) EAA and developmental plasticity in vivo and in vitro.
4) EAA and reactive plasticity and anoxia.
In many sessions the chairmen have prepared a brief commentary printed as an appendix
after following the respective scientific papers in order to provide an insight into the lively
discussions which took place in Fillerval.
This meeting was an official satellite symposium of the European
Neuroscience Association meeting and was held under the auspices of INSERM
v
(French Medical Research Council) and IBRO (Mc Artur Foundation). This
meeting could not have been held without the generous financial support of
FIOlA Research Labs. (France), and I am very grateful to Dr. L. Bossi (FIOlA,
France) for her support and enthusiasm.
The symposium also received some support from Sandoz, CIBA-CEIGY, UPJOHN and
MERCK-SHARP and DOHME.
I am very grateful to my collaborators who have provided outstanding help for the organiza
tion, in particular to G. Charton (a real expert after his 3rd. symposium), E. Tremblay and S.
Bahurlet. Last but not least, I am highly endebted to Tamara, Yasmina and Constance for their
patience and understanding.
Paris, the 21th december 1989
Y. BEN-ARI
Y. Ben-Ari 1981 -"The amygdaloid complex". Elsevier North, Holland.
R. Schwarcz and Y. Ben-Ari 1985 -" Excitatory amino acids and epilepsy", Plenum press.
CONTENTS
SESSION I: MECHANISMS AND EXPRESSION OF RECEPTORS
Glutamate receptors in cultures of mouse hippocampus studied with fast applications of
agonists, modulators and drugs ........................................................................................... 3
M.L. Mayer, L.VykIicky, Jr., and D.K. Patneau
Measuring and controlling the extracellular glycine concentration at the NMDA receptor
level .................................................................................................................................. 13
P. Ascher
The glycine coagonist site of the NMDA receptor ................................................................ 17
R. Dingledine, N.W. Kleckner and e.J. McBain
The PCP site of the NMDA receptor complex ...................................................................... 27
J.F. MacDonald, M.e. Bartlett, I. Mody, J.N. Reynolds and M.W. Salter
Antagonists of NMDA-activated current in cortical neurons: competition with glycine and
blockade of open channels ................................................................................................... 35
J.E. Huettner
Commentary P. Ascher and M.L. Mayer ........................................................................... .45
SESSION II : TYPES OF EAA RECEPTORS
Experiments with kainate and quisqualate agonists and antagonists in relation to the sub-
classification of 'non-NMDA' receptors ............................................................................... 49
J.e. Watkins, P.e.K. Pook, D.e. Sunter, J. Davies and T. Honore
Homocysteic acid as transmitter candidate in the mammalian brain and excitatory amino
acids in epilepsy ............................................................................................................... .57
M. Cuenod, E. Audinat, K.Q. Do, B.H. Gahwiler, P. Grandes, P. Herrlings, T. KJl<ipfel,
H. Perschak, P. Streit, F. Vollenweider and H.G. Wieser
Specific quisqualate receptor ligand blocks both kainate and quisqualate responses .............. 65
T. Honore, M. Sheardown, E.O. Nielsen, J. Drejer and A.J. Hansen
Molecular characterization, ultrastructural localization and gene cloning of the chick
cerebellar kainate receptor ................................................................................................. 73
V.I. Teichberg , N. Eshhar, I. Maoz, I. Mano, D. Ornstein, A. Ortega and P. Gregor
Intracellular messengers associated with excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors .................. 79
J. Bockaert, A. Dumuis, O. Manzoni, J. Nargeot, K. Oomagari, J.P. Pin, F. Rassendren,
M. Scbben and F. Siadeczek
The glycine site on the NMDA receptor: pharmacology and involvement in NMDA
receptor mediated neurodegeneration ................................................................................. 93
A.e. Foster, A.E. Donald, e.L. Willis, R. Tridgett, J.A. Kemp and T. Priestley
vii
Evidence for glutamate receptor subtypes from in vivo electrophysiology: studies with
HA 966, quinoxalinediones and philanthotoxin .................................................................. 101
D. Lodge and M.G. Jones
Characterization of membranal and purified NMDA receptors ........................................... 109
A.F. Ikin, V. Nadler, Y. Kloog and M. Sokolovsky
SESSION III: Ca++ AND EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS
Mechanisms underlying excitatory amino acid-evoked cadium entry in cultured neurons
from the embryonic rat spinal cord ..................................................................................... 117
A.B. MacDermott, D.B. Reichling and O. Arancio
Topographical heterogeneity of glutamate agonist -induced calcium increase in
hi ppoca mpu s ...................................................................................................................... 125
Y. Kudo, E. Ito and A. Ogura
Protection by natural and semisynthetic gangliosides from Ca2+ -dependent neurotoxicity
caused by excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitters .................................................... 135
A. Guidotti, H. Manev, M. Favaron, M. Brooker and E. Costa
SESSION IV: EAA AND IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT
Periodic inward currents triggered by NMDA in immature CA3 hippocampal neurones ........ 147
E. Cherubini, Y. Ben-Ari and K. Kmjevic
GABA mediated synaptic events in neonatal rat CA3 pyramidal neurons in vitro :
modulation by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors ................................................................ 151
j.L. GaIarsa, R. Corradetti, Y. Ben-Ari and E. Cherubini
Neuronal networks and synaptic transmission in immature hippocampus ............................. 161
J.W. Swann, K.L. Smith and R.J. Brady
A role of NMDA receptors and Ca2+ influx in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual
cortex ................................................................................................................................. 173
T. Tsumoto, F. Kimura and A. Nishigori
Spontaneous and evoked NMDA-receptor mediated potentials in the entorhinal cortex of
the neonate rat in vitro ....................................................................................................... 181
R.5.G. Jones and U. Heinemann
Learning by seeing: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and recognition memory ...................... 187
G. Horn and B.J. McCabe
The role of the NMDA receptor in the development of the frog visual system ....................... 197
H.T. Cline, E.A. Dcbski and M. Constantine-Paton
Commentary : G. Horn E. and Cherubini .............................................................................. 205
SESSION V: EAA AND IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT
Excitatory amino acids, growth factors, and calcium: a teeter-totter model for neuronal
plasticity and degeneration ................................................................................................ 211
M.P. Mattson
Trophic effects of excitatory amino acids in the developing nervous system ......................... 221
R. Balazs and N. Hack
Mechanisms of excitatory amino acid-induces stimulation of GABAergic synaptic activity
in cultures from the rat superior colicullus .......................................................................... 229
M. Perouansky and R. Grantyn
viii
The role of taurine and glutamate during early postnatal cerebellar development of normal
andweaver mutant mice ..................................................................................................... 239
E. Trenkner
Regulation of neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells in culture: NMDA receptors
and protein kinase C .......................................................................................................... 245
M.A. Cambray-Deakin and R.D. Burgoyne
Regulation of GABAA currents by excitatory amino acids. .................................................. 255
A. Stelzer
Commentary M. Mattson .................................................................................................. 265
SESSION VI : EAA AND LT P
Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo is associated with a sustained increase
in extracellular glutamate ................................................................................................. 269
T.V.P. Bliss, M.L. Errington and M.A. Lynch
Long term potentiation is not associated with a sustained enhanced release of glutamate in
the rat hippocampus in vivo and in vitro ........................................................................... 279
M.P. Roisin, L. Aniksztejn and Y. Ben-Ari
Postsynaptic mechanisms involved in long-term potentiation .............................................. 291
J.A. Kauer, R.c. Malenka, D.J. Perkel and R.A. Nicoll.
Identifying and localizing protein kinases necessary for LT P ............................................... 301
R. Malinow and R.W. Tsien
Delayed onset of potentiation in neocortical epsps during long-term potentiation (L TP) -a
postsynaptic mechanism or heterogeneous synaptic inputs ? ............................................... 307
L.J. Bindman and K.P.S.J. Murphy
Local circuit connections mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in slices of
neocortex ........................................................................................................................... 313
A.M. Thomson and S. Radpour
Modulation of the responsiveness of cerebellar purkinje cells to excitatory amino acids ........ 323
F. Crepel and M. Krupa
SESSION VII : PROTEINS, SECOND MESSENGERS AND LTP
The role of ependymin in neuronal plasticity and LTP ......................................................... 333
V.E. Shashoua
The role of protein kinase C substrate B-50 (GAP-43) in neurotransmitter release and
long-term potentiation ....................................................................................................... 347
P.N.E. De Graan, L.H. Schrama, F.M.J. Heemskerk, L.V., Dekker and W.H. Gispen
Different mechanisms and multiple stages of LT P ............................................................... 359
H. Matthies, U. Frey, K. Reymann, M. Krug. R. Jork and H. Schroeder
Extracellular proteascs and 5100 protein in long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of
the anaesthetized rat ........................................................................................................ 369
M.S. Fazeli, M.L. Errington, A.C. Dolphin and T.V.P. Bliss
Modulation of the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus .......................... 377
B.R. Sastry, H. Maretic, W. Morishita and Z. Xie
Roles of metabotrophic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in the long-term potentiation of
hippocampal mossy fiber synapses ..................................................................................... 387
H. Sugiyama, I. Ito and D. Okada
ix
