EW 104: Electronic Warfare Against a New Generation of Threats

554 Pages·2015·1.75 MB·English

by  David L. Adamy

EW 104
EW Against a New Generation of Threats
For a complete listing of titles in the
Artech House Power Electronic Warfare Library,
turn to the back of this book.
EW 104
EW Against a New Generation of Threats
David L. Adamy
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the
U.S. Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the
British Library.
Cover design by John Gomes
ISBN 13: 978-1-60807-869-1
© 2015 ARTECH HOUSE
685 Canton Street
Norwood, MA 02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to the young people in uniform who go into harm’s way to
practice the art and science of electronic warfare. They are the ones who will
face the danger from this new generation of threats and do what is necessary to
protect the rest of us in this dangerous world.
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
2 Spectrum Warfare
2.1 Changes in Warfare
2.2 Some Specific Propagation Related Issues
2.3 Connectivity
2.3.1 The Most Basic Connectivity
2.3.2 Connectivity Requirements
2.3.3 Long-Range Information Transmission
2.3.4 Information Fidelity
2.4 Interference Rejection
2.4.1 Spreading the Transmitted Spectrum
2.4.2 Commercial FM Broadcast
2.4.3 Military Spread Spectrum Signals
2.5 Bandwidth Requirements for Information Transfer
2.5.1 Data Transfer Without a Link
2.5.2 Linked Data Transmission
2.5.3 Software Location
2.6 Distributed Military Capability
2.6.1 Net-Centric Warfare
2.7 Transmission Security Versus Message Security
2.7.1 Transmission Security Versus Transmission Bandwidth
2.7.2 Bandwidth Limitations
2.8 Cyber Warfare Versus EW
2.8.1 Cyber Warfare
2.8.2 Cyber Attacks
2.8.3 Parallels Between Cyber Warfare and EW
2.8.4 Difference Between Cyber Warfare and EW
2.9 Bandwidth Trade-Offs
2.9.1 Bit-Error Critical Cases
2.10 Error Correction Approaches
2.10.1 Error Detection and Correction Codes
2.10.2 Example of a Block Code
2.10.3 Error Correction Versus Bandwidth
2.11 EMS Warfare Practicalities
2.11.1 Warfare Domains
2.12 Steganography
2.12.1 Steganography Versus Encryption
2.12.2 Early Stenographic Techniques
2.12.3 Digital Techniques
2.12.4 How Does Steganography Relate to Spectrum Warfare?
2.12.5 How Is Steganography Detected?
2.13 Link Jamming
2.13.1 Communication Jamming
2.13.2 Required J/S for Jamming Digital Signals
2.13.3 Protections Against Link Jamming
2.13.4 The Net Impact on Link Jamming
3 Legacy Radars
3.1 Threat Parameters
3.1.1 Typical Legacy Surface-to-Air Missile
3.1.2 Typical Legacy Acquisition Radar
3.1.3 Typical Anti-Aircraft Gun
3.2 EW Techniques
3.3 Radar Jamming
3.3.1 Jamming-to-Signal Ratio
3.3.2 Self-Protection Jamming
3.3.3 Remote Jamming
3.3.4 Burn-Through Range
3.4 Radar-Jamming Techniques
3.4.1 Cover Jamming
3.4.2 Barrage Jamming
3.4.3 Spot Jamming
3.4.4 Swept Spot Jamming
3.4.5 Deceptive Jamming
3.4.6 Range Deception Techniques
3.4.7 Angle Deceptive Jamming
3.4.8 Frequency Gate Pull Off
3.4.9 Jamming Monopulse Radars
3.4.10 Formation Jamming
3.4.11 Formation Jamming with Range Denial
3.4.12 Blinking
3.4.13 Terrain Bounce
3.4.14 Cross-Polarization Jamming
3.4.15 Cross-Eye Jamming
Reference
4 Next Generation Threat Radars
4.1 Threat Radar Improvements
4.2 Radar Electronic Protection Techniques
4.2.1 Useful Resources
4.2.2 Ultralow Side Lobes
4.2.3 EW Impact of Reduced Side-Lobe Level
4.2.4 Side-Lobe Cancellation
4.2.5 Side-Lobe Blanking
4.2.6 Monopulse Radar
4.2.7 Cross-Polarization Jamming
4.2.8 Anti-Cross-Polarization
4.2.9 Chirped Radar
4.2.10 Barker Code
4.2.11 Range Gate Pull-Off
4.2.12 AGC Jamming
4.2.13 Noise-Jamming Quality
4.2.14 Electronic Protection Features of Pulse Doppler Radars
4.2.15 Configuration of Pulse Doppler Radar
4.2.16 Separating Targets
4.2.17 Coherent Jamming
4.2.18 Ambiguities in PD Radars
4.2.19 Low, High, and Medium PRF PD Radar
4.2.20 Detection of Jamming
4.2.21 Frequency Diversity
4.2.22 PRF Jitter
4.2.23 Home on Jam
4.3 Surface-to-Air Missile Upgrades
4.3.1 S-300 Series
4.3.2 SA-10 and Upgrades
4.3.3 SA-12 and Upgrades
4.3.4 SA-6 Upgrades
4.3.5 SA-8 Upgrades
4.3.6 MANPADS Upgrades
4.4 SAM Acquisition Radar Upgrade
4.5 AAA Upgrades
4.6 EW Implications of Capabilities Described
4.6.1 Increased Lethal Range
4.6.2 Ultralow Side Lobes
4.6.3 Coherent Side-Lobe Cancelling
4.6.4 Side-Lobe Blanking
4.6.5 Anti-Cross-Polarization
4.6.6 Pulse Compression