Evolutionary Biology: Volume 20

479 Pages·1986·10.677 MB·English

by  William R. Buck (auth.), Max K. Hecht, Bruce Wallace, Ghillean T. Prance (eds.)

Evolutionary
Biology
VOLUME 20
A Continuation Order Plan in available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For
further information please contact the publisher.
Evolutionary
Biology
VOLUME 20
Edited by
MAXK.HECHT
Queens College of the
City University of New York
Flushing, New York
BRUCE WALLACE
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
and
GHILLEAN T. PRANCE
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, New York
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
Evolutionary biology. v. 1- 1967-
New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts.
v. illus. 24 cm annual.
Editors: 1967- T. Dobzhansky and others.
I. Evolution-Period. 2. Biology-Period. I. Dobzhansky, Theodosius
Grigorievich, 1900-
QH366.A1E9 575' .005 67-11961
ISBN-l3: 978-1-4615-6985-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-6983-1
001: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6983-1
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
William Campbell Steere
The editors of Evolutionary Biology wish to
dedicate Volume 20 to their colleague and former
coeditor Dr. W. C. Steere on his forthcoming
eightieth birthday and in deep appreciation of his
effort in establishing this series. During his thir
teen years as coeditor Bill kept a watchful eye on
the quality and subject matter of Evolutionary
Biology. It has been a great pleasure to collaborate
with him.
Contributors
Pere Alberch • Museum ofC omparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
William R. Buck • New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York
10458-5126
Daniel J. Crawford • Department of Botany, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210
T. H. Frazzetta • Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution,
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
David E. Giannasi • Department of Botany, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602
Norman L. Gilinsky • Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061
James Hanken • Department of Environmental, Population, and Or
ganismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-
0334
Max K. Hecht • Department of Biology, Queens College of CUNY,
Flushing, New York 11367
vII
viII Contributors
Antoni Hoffman • Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of
Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Olivier Rieppel • Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of
Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
Neil H. Shubin • Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univer
sity, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Preface
It is with pleasure that the editors dedicate this volume to William Camp
bell Steere, one of the founding editors of Evolutionary Biology. As Dr.
Steere approaches his eightieth birthday we include in the volume a brief
biography and a complete bibliography of his publications in celebration
of his contributions to the biological sciences.
The Editors
Ix
Contents
1. William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and
Continuing Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
William R. Buck
Bibliography of Publications of William Campbell Steere 5
2. Biochemical Systematics: II. A Reprise ....... . . . . . . . . . .. 25
David E. Giannasi and Daniel J. Crawford
Introduction ........................................ 25
Micromolecules ..................................... 28
Flavonoids ....................................... 28
Terpenoids ....................................... 49
Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83
Other Micromolecules of Chemosystematic Interest .. . . . . . .. 92
Micromolecules of Specific Plant Groups ................. 96
Lichens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104
New Approaches in Micromolecular Chemosystematics ...... 112
C Metabolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 118
4
Paleobiochemistry .................................. 120
Micromolecules: Biological and Evolutionary
Considerations ................................. 127
Macromolecules ..................................... 132
Electrophoresis .................................... 133
Amino Acid Sequences .............................. 155
Serology ......................................... 167
Nucleic Acids ..................................... 182
Conclusions and Future Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209
Micromolecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209
Macromolecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211
References ......................................... 213
xl
xii Contents
3. Species Selection As a Causal Process ......... . . . . . . . . .. 249
Norman L. Gilinsky
Introduction ........................................ 249
Differential Rates of Extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 251
Differential Rates of Speciation: General Problems ........... 252
Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Reducibility ....... 254
Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Irreducibility
Speciation via the Founder Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
Discussion ......................................... 262
Possible Examples of Species Selection:
Hawaiian Drosophilidae ............................ 262
Possible Examples of Species Selection:
Tertiary Neogastropoda ............................ 263
The Snail Example: Another Viewpoint ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267
Species Selection and Randomness ..................... 268
Species Selection and Punctuated Equilibria . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269
Conclusions ........................................ 270
References ......................................... 272
Species Selection As a Causal Process: A Reply . . . . . . . . . . .. 275
Antoni Hoffman and Max K. Hecht
References ......................................... 280
4. Species Are Individuals: A Review and Critique
of the Argument .................................. 283
Olivier Rieppel
Introduction: What Is an Individual? 283
Heraclitus' Paradox ................................. . 285
The Organism As Paradigm ............................ . 286
The Firm As Paradigm ............................... . 289
Hydra As Paradigm .................................. . 291
Definitions, Words, and Things ......................... . 297
The Biological Species Concept ........................ . 301
Objectification of Species As Closed Systems .............. . 302
Objectification of Species As Open Systems ............... . 307