Table Of ContentEVOLUTION
THE HUMAN STORY
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EVOLUTION
THE HUMAN STORY
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CONTENTS
REVISED EDITION 08 UNDERSTANDING
DORLING KINDERSLEY OUR PAST
Senior Editor Peter Frances
Senior Art Editor Ina Stradins
10 Back in time
Project Editor David Summers
Managing Editor Angeles Gavira Guerrero 14 The geological record
Managing Art Editor Michael Duffy
16 What are fossils?
US Editor Kayla Dugger
Jacket Editor Claire Gell 22 Finding our ancestors
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa
24 Archaeological science
Jacket Design Development Manager
Sophia MTT 26 Piecing it together
Pre-production Producer Andy Hilliard
Producer Alex Bell 28 Bringing bones to life
Associate Publisher Liz Wheeler
30 Reconstruction
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
Art Director Karen Self 32 Interpreting behavior
Design Director Phil Ormerod
FIRST EDITION
Senior Editor Angeles Gavira Guerrero 34 PRIMATES
Senior Art Editor Ina Stradins
Project Editors Gill Pitts, Steve Setford, David Summers, Miezan van Zyl
36 Evolution
Designers Dave Ball, Paul Drislane, Duncan Turner, Steve Woosnam-Savage
Assistant Designers Riccie Janus, Fiona Macdonald 38 Classification
Junior Design Assistant Jonny Burrows
Jacket Designer Mark Cavanagh 40 The first primates
Production Editor Ben Marcus
44 New World monkeys
Production Controller Erika Pepe
Picture Researcher Liz Moore 46 Early apes and Old World
Photographer Gary Ombler monkeys
Scenic illustrations Robert Nicholls
50 Modern apes
Managing Editor Sarah Larter
Managing Art Editor Michelle Baxter 54 Apes and humans
Art Director Phil Ormerod
Associate Publisher Liz Wheeler
Publisher Jonathan Metcalf
3D model reconstructions by Kennis & Kennis
56 HOMININS
This American Edition, 2018
58 Human evolution
First American Edition, 2011
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 60 Family tree
Copyright © 2011, 2018 Dorling Kindersley Limited 62 Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Foreword copyright © Dr Alice May Roberts, 2011
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 68 Orrorin tugenensis,
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001–306253–July/2018 Ardipithecus kadabba
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the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. 75 Australopithecus bahrelghazali,
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Kenyanthropus platyops
ISBN: 978-1-4654-7401-8
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CONTENTS
94 Paranthropus boisei 218 Farmers in the Americas
98 Homo habilis 220 Getting more from animals
108 Homo georgicus 222 Craft development
114 Homo ergaster 224 Metalworking
122 Homo erectus 226 Trade
128 Homo antecessor 228 Religion
134 Homo heidelbergensis 230 Newgrange
140 Homo floresiensis 232 The first states
148 Homo neanderthalensis 234 Mesopotamia and the Indus
158 Homo naledi 236 Standard of Ur
160 Homo sapiens 238 Dynastic Egypt
172 Comparing heads 240 Shang China
242 American civilizations
174 OUT OF AFRICA 244 Glossary
248 Index
176 Human migrations
255 Acknowledgments
178 Genetics of past migrations
180 First hominin migration
182 Last of the ancients AUTHORS AND CONSULTANTS
184 A new species appears
186 East along the coast Understanding Our Past
188 The colonization of Europe Author: Professor Michael J. Benton, Professor of and Medieval Archaeology and Senckenberg
Vertebrate Palaeontology, University of Bristol, UK. Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology,
190 Neanderthals and modern
Consultants: Dr. Fiona Coward (see Hominins); Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany.
humans in Europe
Professor Paul O’Higgins, Professor of Anatomy,
192 North and East Asia Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull Out of Africa
York Medical School, UK.
194 The New World Author: Professor Alice Roberts, Professor
196 Oceania of Public Engagement in Science, University
Primates of Birmingham, UK. Consultant: Dr. Stephen
Author: Professor Colin Groves, School of Oppenheimer, School of Anthropology,
Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University of Oxford, UK.
198 FROM HUNTERS University, Canberra, Australia.
TO FARMERS Consultant: Professor Eric J. Sargis, Department From Hunters to Farmers
of Anthropology, Yale University / Curator of
Author: Dr. Jane McIntosh, Senior Research
Vertebrate Paleontology, Peabody Museum of
200 After the ice Associate, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern
Natural History, USA.
Studies, University of Cambridge, UK.
202 Hunter-gatherers
Consultant: Dr. Peter Bogucki, Associate Dean
204 Rock art Hominins for Undergraduate Affairs, School of Engineering
206 From foraging to food production Author: Dr. Kate Robson-Brown, Senior Lecturer and Applied Science, Princeton University, USA.
in Biological Anthropology, Department of
208 Farmers in West and South Asia
Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Revised Edition
210 Göbekli Tepe Bristol, UK, with contributions by Dr. Fiona
Revisions by Dr. Fiona Coward
212 Farmers in Africa Coward, Senior Lecturer in Archaeology and
Anthropology, Bournemouth University, UK.
214 Farmers in East Asia
Consultant: Professor Katerina Harvati, Head
216 Farmers in Europe of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Early Prehistory
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FOREWORD
As humans, we are aware of ourselves. We each have a strong sense of self that emanates from our
unique consciousness, and which seems to naturally lead us to ask questions about who we are,
and where we come from. Like no other animal, we seem to have a very deep-seated need to
know ourselves.
For thousands of years, humans have attempted to answer questions about our origin, our place in the
natural world, and our relationship with other forms of life. Religion and philosophy may provide one
way of exploring these questions, but science leads us to look for evidence and answers in the world
around us, and within us. This empirical approach to age-old questions has revealed extraordinary
secrets from our past, allowing us to reach far back in time to investigate our family tree and to meet
long-dead ancestors. An evolutionary perspective offers us a deep and rich understanding of ourselves,
and places us, as a species, in our own biological and ecological context.
We are primates, and this book starts by introducing our living relatives in this group. The next chapter
takes us back to the roots of the human family tree, and we meet our ancestors. The Kennis
brothers—whose artful reconstructions I have long admired—have produced a host of extraordinary,
RECORD OF OUR PAST
The rocks around Lake Turkana in Africa’s
Great Rift Valley contain the remains of
several species of human ancestors from
up to 4 million years ago. Some of these
fossils have played a pivotal part in
shaping our ideas about human evolution.
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lifelike, 3D portraits of our ancient relatives. Then we look at the expansion of ancient and modern human
species out of Africa, and move on to examine changes in human lifestyles and subsistence as the Ice Age
drew to a close, and finally to trace the emergence of ancient civilizations across the globe.
This is not a story of an inexorable rise to power, to worldwide
domination and dominion over the rest of the natural world. It is not a
story of an inevitable and linear progression, from a life in the trees to
great civilizations. Evolution through natural selection may tend to
produce greater diversity and complexity over time, but that is not the
same thing as “progress.” Evolution unfolds in unpredictable and
surprising ways, and it is both humbling and wonderful to realize that
there was nothing inevitable about the appearance of our own
species on earth; serendipity underlies the greatest achievements of
our civilizations.
ALICE ROBERTS
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