Table Of ContentHubert-Jean Ceccaldi · Yves Hénocque ·
Teruhisa Komatsu · Patrick Prouzet ·
Benoit Sautour · Jiro Yoshida Editors
Evolution of Marine
Coastal Ecosystems
under the Pressure of
Global Changes
Proceedings of Coast Bordeaux
Symposium and of the
17th French-Japanese
Oceanography Symposium
Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the
Pressure of Global Changes
Part of the scientific community taking part in the Coast Symposium at Bordeaux (Agora du
Haut-Carré/UniversityofBordeaux).CopyrightCNRS/EPOC
ApartoftheFrench-Japanesedelegationvisiting“LaMaisondel’Huître”(Bassind’Arcachon).
CopyrightNicoleProuzet
é
Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi Yves H nocque
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Teruhisa Komatsu Patrick Prouzet
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Benoit Sautour Jiro Yoshida
(cid:129)
Editors
Evolution of Marine Coastal
Ecosystems under the
Pressure of Global Changes
Proceedings of Coast Bordeaux Symposium
and of the 17th French-Japanese
Oceanography Symposium
123
Editors
Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi Yves Hénocque
Institut Océanographique JapanAgency for Earth-Ocean Science
FJSO France andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
Marseille, France andFJSO France
Paris, France
Teruhisa Komatsu
Yokohama Collegeof Commerce Patrick Prouzet
FJSO-Japan FJSO France
Tokyo,Japan Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France
Benoit Sautour Jiro Yoshida
UMR CNRS5805EPOC-OASU Centrefor Marine Research andOperations
Bordeaux,France Tokyo University of Marine Science
andTechnology
Tokyo,Japan
ISBN978-3-030-43483-0 ISBN978-3-030-43484-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7
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Front page images
From left to right
Part of the symposium participants (Copyright CNRS)
Oyster culture in Matsushima Bay (Japan) (Copyright Patrick Prouzet)
Bassin d’Arcachon (France) (Copyright Nicole Prouzet)
Benthic chamber to measure the primary production
(Copyright Eric Feunteun, MNHN/CRESCO)
Coast Bordeaux 2017: Knowing to Manage, Two
Events to Answer
From7to10November2017,aninternationaleventnamedCoastBordeaux20171
wasorganizedbyCentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique(CNRS)andSociété
Franco-Japonaised’Océanographie(SFJO)on“SystemicandBiodiversityEvolu-
tion of Marine Coastal Environments under the Pressure of Climate Change,
Natural and Anthropogenic Local Factors”.
Thisinternationaleventcoincideswiththe17thFrench-JapaneseOceanography
Symposium which explains the significant contribution of the scientific Japanese
community in those proceedings.
Coastal and estuarine environments at the interface of terrestrial and marine
areas are among the most productive in the world. However, since the beginning
oftheindustrialera,theseecosystemshavebeensubjectedtostronganthropogenic
pressuresintensifiedfromthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,whentherewas
a marked acceleration in the warming (climate change) of the continents, particu-
larly at high latitudes.
Coastalecosystemsarehighlyvulnerabletoalterationoftheirphysical,chemical
and biological characteristics (marine intrusion, acidification of marine environ-
ments, changes inecosystems,evolution andartificialization of thecoastline,etc.).
In contact with heavily populated areas, these environments are often the
receptacle of a lot of chemical and biological pollution sources that significantly
diminish their resilience. In this context of accelerated evolution and degradation
oftheseareasimportantforfoodsecurityofmanypopulationsaroundtheworld,it
is necessary to better identify the factors of pressure and understand, at different
scales of observation, their effects and impacts on the biodiversity and on the
socio-ecosystems,inordertodeterminethedegreeofvulnerabilityofthesecoastal
ecosystems and the risks they face. A transdisciplinary and integrated approach is
requiredtopreventrisks.Withinthisframework,operationalcoastaloceanography
occupiesan importantplace butalso theimplementation of atrue socio-ecosystem
approach in order to set up an environmentally friendly development.
1http://colloquebordeaux2017.socfjp.com/en/.
vii
viii CoastBordeaux2017:KnowingtoManage,TwoEventstoAnswer
In addition, at the same time, a forum on “Vulnerability to climate change,
natural hazards and anthropogenic pressures”, underpinned by the strong
cooperation between the French and Japanese scientific and professional commu-
nities2 was organized.
This forum was structured around four main issues:
“How can today’s socio-ecosystems be resilient to adapt tomorrow not only to
coastline changes, but also to natural disasters increasing frequency and strength
on the coast?”
Coastal areas are characterized by a very strong vulnerability to natural hazards
which caused considerable material damage and thousands of human losses, with
large-scale environmental, social and economic repercussions.
The effects and impacts of these exceptional and violent phenomena can be
amplified by the increase in mean global sea level and in overall average intensity
oftropicalcyclones.Protectionsagainstgiantwavesorlarge-scalemarineintrusion
have shown their limitations and generated significant changes in coastal
socio-ecosystems.
“How to implement an integrated management approach for these interface and
land–sea transition areas in order to minimize synergy of impacts from different
uses and better adapt to the factors of change?”
The synergetic effects of surface water warming, hydrological regimes and terres-
trial pollution can lead to severe anoxic crises (particularly in estuarine silt plugs
rich in organic matter), an increase in the occurrence frequency epizooty very
detrimental totheeconomyoftraditional fishing and aquaculture activities suchas
shellfish aquaculture, a change in the distribution of marine species by modifica-
tions in the dispersal of their prey or the distribution of their colonization areas.
Acidification of marine waters has a direct impact on the development of shellfish
species or crustaceans and more broadly on the specific composition of trophic
chains, which could be another major cause of biodiversity shift.
“How to ensure co-existence of uses and preserve the resilience of traditional
activitiessuchasfishingandshellfishfarmingfacingnewactivitiesinthecontextof
global change?”
Blue energy development in France or more widely in Europe, within the frame-
workoftheenergytransitionpolicy,isanewspace-consumingactivitythatcreates
new ecosystem services.
Furthermore,theimplementationofmarineprotectedareasispartoftheFrench
“NationalStrategyforSeaandOceans”withanambitiousobjectivetohave20%of
marine protected areas in waters under French jurisdiction. This is reflected in the
2Cooperationthatgoesbeyondscientificrelationshipssincein1960,itwasfromJapanesespatthat
French oyster farming was revived and in 2011 after the tsunami destroyed many aquaculture
facilities in Sendai Province, Japanese shellfish farmers were able to recover their production
capacitymorequicklythankstothematerialsentbyFrenchshellfishfarmers.
CoastBordeaux2017:KnowingtoManage,TwoEventstoAnswer ix
creationofmarineparkssuchasthoseinNewAquitania,the“Bassind’Arcachon”
or the “Gironde–Mer des Pertuis”, thus contributing to the implementation of the
Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
“How can traditional community management methods be used to co-build an
integrated marine and coastal management approach as part of an integrated
maritime strategy?”
Japan has demonstrated a strong capacity to adapt the fisheries and aquaculture
sector to factors of particularly abrupt changes, such as those caused by the
catastrophic tsunami of March 2011.
The implementation of integrated approaches and large-scale habitat restoration
programmes is a long-standing concept for this country. This is evidenced by the
concept of “Sato-Umi” (sea and man in harmony), itself derived from the much
older “Sato-Yama” (mountain and man in harmony).
The involvement offisher communities in Japan in the environment restoration
or sea restocking (fish and shellfish restocking, artificial reefs, replenishment of
seagrassfields,etc.)constitutesaparticipativeapproachthatisalsofoundinFrance
and Europe particularly in the context of the observation of highly migratory fish
(salmon, tuna, sharks, etc.) or joint surveys or restocking of fish population
(European eel in France for example). So, there are many points of convergence
between these French and Japanese communities that deserve to be shared during
this forum and particularly to illustrate the link between nature and culture.
The Editorial Committee
Organization Committee
Dr. Philippe Bertrand—Scientific Delegate CNRS/INSU/marine infrastructure
Dr. Patrick Prouzet—President, FJSO France
Pr. Teruhisa Komatsu—President, FJSO Japan
Pr. Gérard Blanchard—Vice-president, Research, New Aquitania Region
Pr. Yasuyuki Koike—Counsellor of FJSO France and Japan
Dr. Serge Heussner—Coordinator, RESOMAR
Ms. Annie Nadaud—CNRS/DR15
Ms. Kumiko Uehara—Counsellor of FJSO France and Japan
Dr. Antoine Gremare—Head of UMR EPOC
Dr. Mathias Girault—FJSO France
Dr. Marie-Lise Dubernet—OASU/University of Bordeaux
Mr. Gilbert Bounaud-Devillers—CNRS/OASU
Mr. Gaëtan Jacob—CNRS/OASU
Ms. Lydie Durepayre—CNRS/OASU
Mr. Romain Fabre—New Aquitania Region
Ms. Adeline Borot—De Battisti—New Aquitania Region
Ms. Alizée Angelini—New Aquitania Region
Mr. Jérémie Souben—CNPMEM/CONAPPED
Ms. Jacqueline Rabic—Présidente ARA France
Ms. Corinne Bret—journaliste, spécialiste du Japon
Scientific Committee
Pr. Hervé Le Treut (Chairman)—Academy of Sciences—France
Pr. Teruhisa Komatsu—President, FJSO Japon—Japan
Pr. Kazufumi Takayanagi—Fisheries Research Agency—Japan
Dr. Stefania Sparnocchia—Italian National Research Council—Italy
Pr. Tamara Galloway—University of Exeter—UK
Dr. Audrey Minghelli—Roman—University of Toulon—France
xi
