Evolution, Games, and God: The Principle of Cooperation

415 Pages·2013·1.93 MB·English

by  Martin A. Nowak

Evolution, Games, and God

Evolution, Games, and God
The Principle of Cooperation
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• •
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Edited by
Martin A. Nowak
Sarah Coakley
H a r va r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
2013
Copyright © 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Chapter 4 was fi rst published as “Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation,”
Science 314 (2006): 1560–63, and is reproduced by kind permission of The American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Evolution, games, and God : the principle of cooperation /
edited by Martin A. Nowak, Sarah Coakley.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-674-04797-6 (hardcover: alk. paper)
Evolution (Biology)—Philosophy. 2. Evolution (Biology)—
Social aspects. 3. Cooperation. 4. Self-sacrifi ce.
5. Altrusim. I. Nowak, M. A. (Martin A.), editor of
compilation. II. Coakley, Sarah, 1951, editor of compilation.
QH360.5.E965 2013
576.8—dc23
2012041386
To our families,
who continue to teach us
the value of cooperation

Contents
Preface xi
Introduction: Why Cooperation Makes a Diff erence I
Sarah Coakley and Martin A. Nowak
I Evolutionary Cooperation in Historical Perspective 35
1 “Ready to Aid One Another”: Darwin on Nature, God,
and Cooperation 37
John Hedley Brooke
2 Altruism: Morals from History 60
Thomas Dixon
3 Evolution and “Cooperation” in Late Nineteenth- and
Early Twentieth- Century America: Science, Theology,
and the Social Gospel 82
Heather D. Curtis
II Mathematics, Game Theory, and Evolutionary Biology:
The Evolutionary Phenomenon of Cooperation 97
4 Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation 99
Martin A. Nowak
5 Mathematical Models of Cooperation 115
Christoph Hauert
C O N T E N T S
6 Economics and Evolution: Complementary Perspectives
on Cooperation 132
Johan Almenberg and Anna Dreber
III Psychology, Neuroscience, and Intentionality in the Cultural
Evolution of Cooperation 151
7 Social Prosthetic Systems and Human Motivation:
One Reason Why Cooperation Is Fundamentally
Human 153
Stephen M. Kosslyn
8 The Uniqueness of Human Cooperation: Cognition,
Cooperation, and Religion 168
Dominic D. P. Johnson
9 Self- Denial and Its Discontents: Toward Clarifi cation
of the Intrapersonal Confl ict between “Selfi shness”
and “Altruism” 186
Maurice Lee
IV Philosophy of Biology and Philosophy of Mind:
Adjudicating the Signifi cance of Evolutionary Cooperation 199
10 Unpredicted Outcomes in the Games of Life 201
Jeffrey P. Schloss
11 What Can Game Theory Tell Us about Humans? 220
Justin C. Fisher
12 How Not to Fight about Cooperation 234
Ned Hall
V Cooperation, Ethics, and Metaethics 251
13 The Moral Organ: A Prophylaxis against the Whims
of Culture 253
Marc D. Hauser
viii
C O N T E N T S
14 A New Case for Kantianism: Evolution, Cooperation,
and Deontological Claims in Human Society 273
Friedrich Lohmann
15 Nature, Normative Grammars, and Moral Judgments 289
Jean Porter
16 The Christian Love Ethic and Evolutionary
“Cooperation”: The Lessons and Limits of Eudaimonism
and Game Theory 307
Timothy P. Jackson
VI Cooperation, Metaphysics, and God 327
17 Altruism, Normalcy, and God 329
Alexander Pruss
18 Evolution, Altruism, and God: Why the Levels
of Emergent Complexity Matter 343
Philip Clayton
19 The Problem of Evil and Cooperation 362
Michael Rota
20 Evolution, Cooperation, and Divine Providence 375
Sarah Coakley
List of Contributors 387
Index 389
ix