Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation: Parks and Game Ranches to Transfrontier Conservation Areas

481 Pages·2008·3.39 MB·English

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Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation
3359 EARTH Evo&Inno in Wildlife 12/11/08 3:05 PM Page ii
3359 EARTH Evo&Inno in Wildlife 12/11/08 3:05 PM Page iii
Evolution and Innovation
in Wildlife Conservation
Parks and Game Ranches to
Transfrontier Conservation Areas
Edited by Helen Suich and Brian Child
with Anna Spenceley
London • Sterling, VA
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First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009
Copyright © IUCN, 2009
All rights reserved
ISBN 978-1-84407-634-5
Typeset by FiSHBooks, Enfield
Printed and bound in the UK by MPGBooks, Bodmin
Cover design by Rob Watts, Rogue Four Design
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation : parks and game ranches to
transfrontier conservation areas / edited by Helen Suich and Brian Child with
Anna Spenceley.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-84407-634-5 (hardcover)
1. Wildlife conservation. 2. Wildlife conservation—Africa, Southern. I.
Suich, Helen. II. Child, B. (Brian) III. Spenceley, Anna.
QL82.E85 2008
333.95'416—dc22
2008036281
The paper used for this book is FSC-certified.
FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council) is an
international network to promote responsible
management of the world’s forests.
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Contents
List of boxes, figures and tables ix
Acknowledgements xiii
List of acronyms and abbreviations xv
PART I – OVERVIEW
1 Conservation in Transition 3
Brian Child
PART II – HISTORY OF STATE-LED CONSERVATION
2 The Emergence of Parks and Conservation Narratives in
Southern Africa 19
Brian Child
3 National Parks in South Africa 35
Jane Carruthers
4 The Growth of Park Conservation in Botswana 51
Graham Child
5 The Emergence of Modern Conservation Practice in Zimbabwe 67
Graham Child
6 Protected Areas in Mozambique 85
Bartolomeu Soto
PART III – CONSERVATION ON PRIVATELAND
7 Private Conservation in Southern Africa: Practice and Emerging
Principles 103
Brian Child
8 Game Ranching in Namibia 113
Jon Barnes and Brian Jones
9 Game Ranching in Zimbabwe 127
Brian Child
10 Extensive Wildlife Production on Private Land in South Africa 147
J. du P. Bothma and Helen Suich with Anna Spenceley
11 Savé Valley Conservancy: A Large-Scale African Experiment in
Cooperative Wildlife Management 163
Peter Lindsey, Raoul du Toit, Alistair Pole and Stephanie Romañach
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vi Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation
PART IV – COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
12 Community Conservation in Southern Africa: Rights-Based Natural
Resource Management 187
Brian Child
13 The Performance of CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe: 1989–2006 201
Russell Taylor
14 CBNRM in Namibia: Growth, Trends, Lessons and Constraints 223
Brian Jones and L. Chris Weaver
15 CBNRM in Botswana 243
Nico Rozemeijer
16 CBNRM in Mozambique: The Challenges of Sustainability 257
Isilda Nhantumbo and Simon Anstey
PART V – INTEGRATING WILDLIFE AND PARKS
INTO THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPE
17 Recent Innovations in Conservation 277
Brian Child
18 Changing Institutions to Respond to Challenges: North West Parks,
South Africa 289
S. R. Johnson, W. Boonzaaier, R. Collinson and R. Davies
19 Making Conservation Work: Innovative Approaches to Meeting
Conservation and Socio-economic Objectives (an Example from the
Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa) 307
Guy Castley, Michael Knight and Jill Gordon
20 Table Mountain National Park 325
David Daitz and Brett Myrdal
21 A Network of Marine Protected Areas in Mozambique 341
Helena Motta
22 Towards Transformation: Contractual National Parks in
South Africa 357
David Grossman and Phillipa Holden
23 Transfrontier Conservation Initiatives in Southern Africa:
Observations from the Great Limpopo Transfrontier
Conservation Area 373
Webster Whande and Helen Suich
24 Making ‘Conventional’ Parks Relevant to All of Society: The Case
of SANParks 393
Guy Castley, Christopher Patton and Hector Magome
25 Privately Managed Protected Areas 409
Peter Fearnhead
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Contents vii
PART VI – CONCLUSION
26 Innovations in State, Private and Communal Conservation 427
Brian Child
Author biographies 441
Index 449
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List of Boxes, Figure and Tables
Boxes
14.1 Major steps in the development of the Namibian CBNRM
approach 225
15.1 Nqwaa Khobee Xeya Trust and the Okavango Community Trust 249
16.1 Key policy provisions enabling implementation of CBNRM in
Mozambique 262
23.1 Madimbo corridor 384
Figures
4.1 Botswana’s national parks, game reserves and controlled hunting
areas 57
5.1 Parks and wildlife estate of Zimbabwe 74
6.1 National parks, game reserves and coutadas 92
9.1 Growth of communal and commercial cattle herds in Zimbabwe,
1914–1985 130
9.2 A comparison of the productivity of cattle and wildlife on Buffalo
Range Ranch, 1960–1984 140
10.1 Proportions of direct gross income from wildlife ranching, South
Africa, 2000 151
10.2 Number of live animals sold and turnover on live wildlife
auctions, 1991–2007 153
11.1 Savé Valley Conservancy 166
11.2 Key trophy species hunted by foreign safari clients, 2001–2005 172
11.3 Distribution of (a) settlers’ cattle and (b) impala in the southern
half of Savé Conservancy, 2006 175
11.4 Zimbabwean Lowveld conservancies and the Great Limpopo
Transfrontier Conservation Area 177
13.1 Zimbabwe’s CAMPFIRE districts 202
13.2 Numbers of participating wildlife-producing communities 206