Evidence-Based Critical Care: A Case Study Approach

793 Pages·2020·29.475 MB·English

by  Robert C. Hyzy (editor), Jakob McSparron (editor)

Robert C. Hyzy
Jakob McSparron
Editors
Evidence-Based
Critical Care
A Case Study Approach
Second Edition
123
Evidence-Based Critical Care
Robert C. Hyzy • Jakob McSparron
Editors
Evidence-Based Critical Care
A Case Study Approach
Second Edition
Editors
Robert C. Hyzy Jakob McSparron
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
University of Michigan University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor, MI
USA USA
ISBN 978-3-030-26709-4 ISBN 978-3-030-26710-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2017, 2020
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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
For Silka, Katie, and Marnie
Robert C. Hyzy
For Allie, Maia, and Shai
Jakob McSparron
Preface
We are very pleased to present this second edition of Evidence-Based Critical Care: A Case
Study Approach. We believe that effective learning takes place when individuals challenge
themselves and work through realistic clinical problems. This textbook capitalizes on this
active approach by beginning each chapter with a real case from the authors’ clinical practice.
At the conclusion of each case, a question is asked to allow the reader to reflect on clinical
management before reading the answer and consolidating knowledge from experts in the field.
We feel strongly that the current practice of critical care medicine requires a deep knowl-
edge of existing evidence. However, our knowledge of the field is continuously evolving, and
there are many gaps in the existing literature as well as areas of controversy despite existing
research in the area. To highlight this balance, the chapters contain two distinct sections: the
“Principles of Management” section and the “Evidence Contour” section. The “Principles of
Management” section focuses on the standard practice of diagnosis and management within
critical care with an emphasis on evidence-based care when available. The “Evidence Contour”
section highlights areas of uncertainty and active debate in the literature. This strategy allows
the reader to understand the strength of evidence underlying our current approach to diagnosis
and management within critical care medicine.
This unique approach will benefit critical care providers at all stages in their careers, from
junior trainees to seasoned providers. The spectrum of topics covered in this text also makes
this book a useful tool for board examination preparation.
We would like to thank the many providers who purchased the first version of this textbook.
We would also like to thank our many friends and colleagues who contributed to this book. The
section editors and authors have contributed their time and expertise to create a valuable
resource for practicing clinicians who seek to provide the best care possible to critically ill
patients. We would also like to thank the editors and staff at Springer for their guidance and
support in completing this project.
Ann Arbor, MI, USA Robert C. Hyzy
Ann Arbor, MI, USA Jakob McSparron
vii
Contents
Part I E R-ICU Shock and Resuscitation
1 Cardiac Arrest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Nathan L. Haas and Robert W. Neumar
2 Post-cardiac Arrest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cindy H. Hsu and Robert W. Neumar
3 Undifferentiated Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Russell G. Day and Sage P. Whitmore
4 Hypovolemic Shock and Massive Transfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Nathan L. Haas, Joshua M. Glazer, Kyle J. Gunnerson, and
Benjamin S. Bassin
5 Acute Respiratory Failure: Non-invasive Ventilation and High Flow
Nasal Cannula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Christopher Fung and David Hackenson
6 Diagnosis and Management of Tricyclic Antidepressant Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Patrick George Minges and Robert W. Shaffer
7 Management of Beta Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity . . . . . . . . 57
Daniel Overbeek and Robert W. Shaffer
8 Management of Sympathomimetic Overdose Including Designer Drugs . . . . . . 63
Vivian Lam and Robert W. Shaffer
9 Diagnosis and Management of Ethylene Glycol Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Christine Martinek Brent and Robert W. Shaffer
10 Accidental Hypothermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Carrie Harvey and Ivan Nathaniel Co
Part II C ardiac Disease
11 Management of Cardiogenic Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Michael G. Silverman
12 Management of Acute Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Gregory T. Means and Jason N. Katz
13 Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Arman Qamar and Benjamin M. Scirica
14 Management of Cardiac Tamponade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
David D. Berg and Erin A. Bohula
ix
x Contents
15 Hypertensive Crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Benjamin B. Kenigsberg and Christopher F. Barnett
16 Atrial Fibrillation and Other Supraventricular Tachycardias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Daniel Sedehi
17 Ventricular Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Sohaib Tariq and Howard A. Cooper
18 Management of Acute Aortic Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Marc P. Bonaca
19 Management of Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Janek Manoj Senaratne and Sean van Diepen
Part III Respiratory Disease
20 Community Acquired Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
Richard G. Wunderink
21 Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Robert C. Hyzy
22 Acute Exacerbation of COPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
Lindsay Lief and Jakob McSparron
23 Management of Status Asthmaticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Ryan Hadley, Ronak Chhaya, and Jacob Scott
24 Immunocompromised Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Rishi Chanderraj and Robert P. Dickson
25 Venous Thromboembolism in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Scott J. Denstaedt and Thomas H. Sisson
26 Massive Hemoptysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Frank Genese, Norman Adair, David L. Bowton, and Andrew M. Namen
27 Sedation and Delirium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Timothy D. Girard
28 Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
Thomas Bice
29 Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
Jason H. Maley and Jennifer P. Stevens
30 Respiratory Failure in a Patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis . . . . . . . .231
Anupam Kumar and Ryan Hadley
31 Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Ayodeji Adegunsoye and John P. Kress
32 Management of Decompensated Right Ventricular Failure
in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Matthew K. Hensley and Michael P. Mendez
33 Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Hem Desai, Joshua Smith, and Mark Daren Williams
34 Pleural Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
José Cárdenas-García and Fabien Maldonado
Contents xi
Part IV N eurologic Disease
35 Acute Stroke Emergency Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
Scott R. DeBoer, Pravin George, and Lucia Rivera Lara
36 Bacterial Meningitis in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
Paula M. Gutierrez and Indhu M. Subramanian
37 Approach to Encephalitis in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
Anne Damian and Arun Venkatesan
38 Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Shamir Haji and Neeraj Naval
39 Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Avni M. Kapadia and Sarah E. Nelson
40 Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Hannah Breit and Lauren Koffman
41 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323
Kathryn Rosenblatt
42 Traumatic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331
Krista Lim-Hing and Wan-Tsu W. Chang
43 Management of Anoxic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Maximilian Mulder and Romergryko G. Geocadin
44 Neuromuscular Disease in the ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347
Christopher L. Kramer and Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Part V Renal Disease
45 Traditional and Novel Tools for Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . . . .361
Fadi A. Tohme and John A. Kellum
46 Management of Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367
Fadi A. Tohme and John A. Kellum
47 Rhabdomyolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375
Saraswathi Gopal, Amir Kazory, and Azra Bihorac
48 Hyponatremia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381
Lenar Yessayan and Ryan E. Krahn
49 Hypernatremia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389
Kenneth B. Christopher
50 Hyperkalemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
Ryann Sohaney and Michael Heung
Part VI Endocrine Disease
51 Management of Severe Hyponatremia and SIADH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401
Robyn Scatena
52 Diabetic Ketoacidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405
Hira Bakhtiar and Robyn Scatena
xii Contents
53 Thyroid Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411
Santosh Vaghela and Robyn Scatena
54 Adrenal Insufficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417
Akhil Khosla and Amy M. Ahasic
55 Critical Illness Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency (CIRCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Akhil Khosla and Amy M. Ahasic
56 Management of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429
Elaine C. Fajardo
57 Management of Myxedema Coma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
Aydin Uzun Pinar
Part VII Infectious Disease
58 Zika Virus and Guillain–Barré Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441
Wilma González–Barreto, Gloria M. Rodriguez-Vega, Jorge Hidalgo, and
William Acevedo–Rosario
59 Urosepsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445
Glenda Euceda, Benjamin Keveson, and Garth W. Garrison
60 Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449
Rommel Sagana and Robert C. Hyzy
61 Invasive Aspergillus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461
Matthew K. Hensley and Michael P. Mendez
62 Management of Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467
Shijing Jia, Hedwig S. Murphy, and Melissa A. Miller
63 Treatment of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever in a Well-Resourced Environment . . . .473
Laura Evans and Amit Uppal
64 Management of Severe Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481
Jorge Hidalgo, Pedro Arriaga, and Gloria M. Rodriguez-Vega
65 Dengue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493
Pedro Arriaga, Jorge Hidalgo, and Gloria M. Rodriguez-Vega
66 Leptospirosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497
Jorge Hidalgo, Gloria M. Rodriguez-Vega, and Pedro Arriaga
Part VIII Gastrointestinal Disease
67 Management of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505
Navin L. Kumar and Jakob McSparron
68 Variceal Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511
Elizabeth A. Belloli and Steven E. Gay
69 Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519
Margaret F. Ragland and Curtis H. Weiss
70 Management of Acute Liver Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523
Jessica L. Mellinger and Robert J. Fontana
71 Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533
Jose Castaneda-Nerio and Anoop M. Nambiar