Table Of Content“EVALUATION OF F PROGENIES OF CHILLI
1
(Capsicum annum L.) UNDER KONKAN AGRO
CLIMATIC CONDITION”
BY
DHUMAL VISHAL TUKARAM
B. Sc. (Hort.)
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,
DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,
DAPOLI- 415 712, DIST. RATNAGIRI (M.S.)
May, 2016
31
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In context of completion of this manuscript, the most important and humble part for me to write
this note. While living in this the materialistic world we are subject to analyze the things, finding reasons,
and expertise truth and in such interaction we meet many peoples, get connected them emotionally for
many reasons and as part of such emotional bonding we will understand the real part of life more
accurately.
Everyone requires someone to love, inspire, care and motivate and I am thankful to the CREATOR
that he enriched my life with such superb peoples and this is one of the rare chance to say THANKS,
express my gratitude, respect, and love to these peoples, who enchanted and mesmerized me by their
talent, skill, knowledge and care in every step of my life. Their mastery, encouragement and support will
always guide me to face new challenges and succeed in life.
I would like to sincerely thank to the Chairman of my Advisory committee and Research guide Dr.
P. B. Sanap, Vegetable Specialist, Vegetable Improvement Scheme, Central Experiment Station, Wakawali
for their scholar guidance, trust and support, simple, peaceful and kind nature.
It gives me great pleasure to express my profound gratitude and heartfelt respect to my advisory
committee members Dr. P. C. Haldavnekar, Associate Director of Research, Regional fruit research station,
Vengurla, Shri. B. G. Thaware, Vegetable Breeder, Vegetable Improvement Scheme, Central Experiment
Station, Wakawali and Shri. V. P. Damoder, Assistant Professor, College of Horticulture, Mulde for their
unique mastery, guidance and support.
32
I would like to special thanks to Dr. B. R. Salvi, Head, Department of Horticulture, for their friendly
nature, moral lessons, scholar guidance and trust.
I would like to sincerely thanks to Dr. C.D. Pawar, Associate Professor, Y.R. Parulekar, Assistant
Professor, M. M. Kulkarni, Assistant Professor and S. B. Thorat, Assistant Professor.
I convey my thanks to all the non-teaching staff, especially Mr. M. B. Sawant, (Agricultural
assistant), Shri. Mhaskar (Laboratory Assistant), Miss Priyanka, Department of Horticulture, College of
Agriculture, Dapoli for their generous help and co-operation during the course of my work and study
period.
I also wish to express my deepest thanks to all non-teaching staff especially Dr. Prashant Nigade, Dr
Maithelesh Sanas, Miss Akshada Usalkar, Vegetable Improvement Scheme, Central Experiment Station,
Wakawali for their generous help during the entire research. Without their benevolence and active
support it is impossible for me to succeed.
I place on record my coordinal thanks to Dr. Tapas Bhattacharyya, Hon. Vice Chancellor,
Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dr. U. V. Mahadkar, Director of Research,
College of Agriculture, Dapoli and Dr. S. A. Chavan, Associate Dean, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dr. P.
M. Haldankar, Associate Dean, College of Horticulture, Mulde, for their valuable guidance and provision of
necessary facilities for conducting this study.
There are no words which can express my feelings about my beloved parents Shri. Tukaram Narayan
Dhumal and Sau. Mangal Tukaram Dhumal for their love, care, sacrifices and encouragement. I would like to
extend my thanks to my brother Vaibhav for their love, care and affection.
33
Friends are wonderful gifts of CREATER and I will thanks to first my Dept. friends Harshad, Nitin,
Rajshekhar, Ashu, Parmeshwer, Nikhil, Ashish , Sachin , Suyog, Mayur, Kaustubh, Sonali , Rasika, Subha,
Pooja, Pradnya, Dhanshree my jr. Friends Vilas, Rahul, Balaji, Nitin and Vikrant.
I would like to thanks my hostellite friends Rahul, Vikram, Honak, and Amit for their lovely
cooperation.
I would like to thanks to my UG friends Sanket, Prasanna, Amar, Mayur, Pradeep, Kapil, and Netaji
for their inspiring and caring nature.
I would like to thanks to my seniors and Ph.D. scholar’s Shekhar Mane, Ajinkya Badhe, Dr. Nikhil
Narkar, Dr. Sonal Kshirsagar, Dr. S. Mingire, Dr. Tejswini lalge and Dr Prashant Hegade for being a
beautiful part of journey of my life.
I wish to end this note by saying a simple sentence “Everyone is special just believe in yourself and
become reason that people laugh and happiness is biggest success of life.”
Place: Dapoli (Dhumal Vishal Tukaram)
th
Date: 30 May 2016
34
“EVALUATION OF F PROGENIES OF CHILLI
1
(Capsicum annum L.) UNDER KONKAN AGRO
CLIMATIC CONDITION”
A thesis submitted to
Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI
VIDYAPEETH DAPOLI
(Agricultural University)
Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), India
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(HORTICULTURE)
in
VEGETABLE SCIENCE
by
DHUMAL VISHAL TUKARAM
B.Sc. (HORT.)
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,
DAPOLI – 415712 DIST. RATNAGIRI (M.S.)
MAY, 2016
35
“EVALUATION OF F PROGENIES OF CHILLI (Capsicum
1
annum L.) UNDER KONKAN AGRO CLIMATIC
CONDITION”
A thesis submitted to
Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI
(Agricultural University)
Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), India
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(HORTICULTURE)
in
VEGETABLE SCIENCE
by
DHUMAL VISHAL TUKARAM
B.Sc. (Hort.)
APPROVED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
Chairman and Research Guide:
(P. B. Sanap)
Vegetable Specialist,
Vegetable Improvement Scheme,
Central Experiment Station, Wakawali
Members:
(P. C. Haldavanekar) (B. G. Thaware) (V. P. Damodar)
Associate Director Vegetable Breeder, Assistant Professor,
of Research, Vegetable Improve3m6e nt Scheme, College of
Regional Fruit
Central Experiment Station, Horticulture, Mulde
Research Station,
Wakawali
Vengurla
Dr. P. B. Sanap
M. Sc. (Hort.), Ph. D
Vegetable Specialist,
Vegetable Improvement Scheme,
Central Experiment Station, Wakawali
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “EVALUATION OF F
1
PROGENIES OF CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) UNDER KONKAN AGRO
CLIMATIC CONDITION” submitted to Faculty of Agriculture, Dr.
Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra state, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of MASTER OF SCIENCE (HORTICULTURE) in VEGETABLE SCIENCE,
embodies the results of a piece of bona-fide research carried out by Mr.
DHUMAL VISHAL TUKARAM under my guidance and supervision and
that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or
diploma. All the assistance and help received during the course of
investigation has been duly acknowledged by him.
Place: Dapoli (P. B. SANAP)
Chairman,
Date: 30th May, 2016
Advisory committee
and Research Guide
37
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Vegetables constitute an important supplement of our daily diet as
they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and other essential body building
elements. They supply proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals
and organic acids comparatively at cheaper rates. Besides, vegetables also
provide protection against many deficiency disorders and hence,
vegetables are said as protective food.
Among various commercial vegetables grown in India, chilli or Hot
Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) is emerging as one of the most
important economical and popular vegetable crop grown for its green fruits
as vegetable and red form as spice. It belongs to family solanaceae and
originated in Latin American regions of New Mexico, Guatemala and
Bulgaria.
In India vegetables are grown over an area of 93.96 lakh ha with
annual production of about 162.89 Million tones. Though, India is the
second largest world producer of the vegetables next to china .In
Maharashtra, area under vegetable crops is 7.26 lakh ha with an annual
production 10.16 Million tones (Anonymous, 2014a) while in Konkan the
area under vegetable cultivation is 11000 ha with annual production of
1.80 lakh tones (Anonymous, 2014b). In India, the area under chilli
cultivation is 7.75 lakh ha with annual production of 14.92 million tones.
In Maharashtra it is one of the important vegetable crops under
cultivation, which covers an area of 99.58 thousand ha with annual
production is about 45.60 MT (Anonymous, 2014a).
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Chillies are low in sodium and cholesterol free, rich in vitamin A,
vitamin C, vitamin E, a good source of potassium and folic acid. Fresh
green chilli peppers contain more vitamin C than citrus fruits and fresh
red chilli has more vitamin A than carrot. Chilli is commercially important
for two qualities, i.e. its red colour is due to the pigment capsanthin and
its biting pungency is due to a crystalline, acrid, volatile alkaloid,
capsaicin present in placenta and pericarp of the fruit, which has high
diverse prophylactic and therapeutic uses in Allopathic and Ayurvedic
medicine value.
The most of the varieties grown in India are pungent varying from
very pungent to mild-pungency. The fruit varies in size, in length from
short to long, conical and thick fleshed blocky shape. In food and beverage
industries chilli is used in the form of oleoresin which permits better
distribution of colour, flavor in food. It is also used in many processing
industries for various products such as pepper sauce, pickled pepper,
ground pepper and dried pepper.
Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the popular vegetable cultivated
in tropical states of the country. India, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia, Uganda,
Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, Indonesia, China and Pakistan are the major
chili growing countries. To some extent, it is also grown in Italy, Spain and
the United States.
India is the largest Producer and consumer of chilli in the world and
almost in all the states of country. It has greater potential to increase the
chilli production in order to promote exports, which may help in price
stabilization of the commodity within the country, particularly during the
peak period of production. Despite continuous efforts by the researchers
and other stake holders of the crop at various levels, the productivity of
the crop has not gained momentum, considering its potential. The low
39
productivity is often attributed to many limiting factors such as lack of
superior genotypes / improved cultivars for use in breeding programme to
develop potential hybrids, severe incidence of insect pests (thrips, aphids,
white flies, mites and borers) and diseases (Anthracnose, Leaf curl and
Viral diseases) resulting in tremendous reduction in yield and quality.
Further, the high variability present in the crop has so far not been fully
exploited in the crop improvement programme.
In Maharashtra chilli is mainly grown in Dhule, Jalgaon, Pune,
Satara, Nagpur, Kolhapur, Yewatmal, Aurangabad and Sangli districts.
The major share of chilli cultivation in Konkan region goes to Palghar and
Thane district while sizable area also exists in Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri and
Raigad districts. Many of the places local cultivars are grown due to
regional preference and adoption of local varieties in the area. Hence, it is
necessary to develop the varieties with high yield potential, resistant to
diseases and pests suitable for particular area to increase the average
yield of the country.
In Konkan region diverse types of chilli are found with varying
characters. The large variability in respect of fruit size, shape and growth
habits. However, no systematic research work in respect of selection and
evaluation of suitable types undertaken so far. Hence there is need to
evaluate chilli types under Konkan condition for excellent quality, yield
and growth performance, and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress. In view
of this, present investigation was undertaken in chilli with the following
objectives.
1. To study the comparative performance of F types of chilli for
1
growth, yield and yield attributing characters.
40
Description:its biting pungency is due to a crystalline, acrid, volatile alkaloid, capsaicin present in placenta छात्र का नाम. : पलळार तुकायाभ धुभाऱ.
