evaluation of different diatomite compounds on soil properties, growth and yield of aerobic rice ...

228 Pages·2006·9.79 MB·English

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT DIATOMITE COMPOUNDS ON
SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF AEROBIC RICE

ANITHA, M. S.
PALB 2089

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU - 560 065

2015
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT DIATOMITE COMPOUNDS ON
SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF AEROBIC RICE

ANITHA, M. S.
PALB 2089

Thesis submitted to the
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy
IN
SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

BENGALURU November, 2015
Affectionately
Dedicated
to My Beloved
Parents, sisters
Friends and
Guide

AACCKKNNOOWWLLEEDDGGEEMMEENNTT

With regardful memories ……
It is my pleasure to glance back and recall the path one travelled during the
day of hard work and perseverance. In every one’s life, the day arises when one has
to shape the feelings in words. When, I came to complete this manuscript, so many
memories have rushed through my mind which is full of gratitude to those who
encouraged and helped me at various stages of this research. The task of
acknowledging the help, support and encouragement offered on me by my teachers
and friends for the successful completion of the work. I owe them a lot it is always a
difficult task expressing and putting into words the sense of gratitude I feel
towards them. I wish to remember and acknowledge all who made this thesis
possible.
Though the worldly reverence is transit to our relation as “Words are
ambassador of soil”, silence is hardly calculated, while, I feel the inadequacy of
diction in expressing my hearty record deep sense of gratitude and grateful regards to
my beloved chairman Dr. N. B. Prakash, Professor of Soil Science & Agricultural
Chemistry, Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, whose constant guidance, constructive criticism,
overwhelming encouragement and financial support in successful completion of my
Ph.D programme. Above all his affectionate way of dealing with the things
throughout the course of my investigation helped me to consummate the research
work.
With deep sense of gratitude I extend my earnest and sincere thanks to my
venerable and beloved advisory committee members Dr. V.R. Ramakrishna Parama,
Professor & Head, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, UAS,
GKVK, Bengaluru, Dr. G. G. Kadalli, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil Science
and Agricultural Chemistry (ACH), Dr. H. M. Jayadeva, Professor, Dept. of
Agronomy, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru and Dr. B. C. Mallesha, Professor, Dept. of
Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru for being so kind and always
eager to do the needful throughout my research programme.
I am grateful to Dr. C. A. Srinivasamurthy, Professor and University Head,
Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, UAS, Bengaluru, for his valuable
suggestions. My hearty thanks to Dr. S.B. Yogananda, Senior Farm Superintendent,
ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya, for valuable help in providing field in V. C. Farm,
Mandya.
I extend my sincere thanks to my teachers Dr. K. Sudhir, Dr. R. C. Gowda,
Dr. P. K. Basavaraja, Dr. C. T. Subbarayappa, Dr. H. C. Prakasha, Dr. T.
Chikkaramappa, Dr. T. C. Chamegowda, Dr. J. Saralakumari, Late Dr. T. H.
Hanumanthraju and supporting staff members Mr. D. Srinivasamurthy, Mr.
Manjunath and other staff members of the Department of Soil Science and
Agricultural Chemistry for their valuable suggestions support and encouragement
during my study period.
I place my profound thanks to our lab mates Yogesh , T. C, Sandhya T. S,
Sandhya K, Yatheesh, Sarvana kumar, Suchithra, C. K, Srinivas, D. K, Akshatha,
Jyothi, M, Asha, B. R, Sabyasachi majumdar and Rajpal shetty for their technical
help, abiding interest and constant support for doing analysis during the
investigation.
I acknowledge with sincere thanks to Avinash, Natesh, Narayanaswamy,
Sunil and Rajanna for their kindness, affection and great help during the laboratory
and field work.
On a personal note I express my deep sense of gratitude, heartfelt respect and
affection to my father Somashekarappa, M. H, mother Smt. Jayamma, G. K, My
sisters Veena, M. S and Sudha, M. S and my brother in laws Natesh Kumar, Raghu
and all my near and dear ones for their moral support, boundless love and building
unshakable confidence in me which motivated as a force to fulfill this long cherished
ambition. My heartfelt thanks to Manjunatha Heggod who constantly cheered and
encouraged me and lead the helping hand when it was most needed.
I also have been highly fortunate in having many affectionate friends whose
hands were evident at every moment of tension, anxiety and achievements. I am ever
grateful to Punitha, B. C, Sowmyalatha, Kiran Babu, Swetha, H. G, Vinutha,
Yashawini, Vanitha, Savitha, H. R, Gangamrutha, Shilpashree, Shivanna, Sayad
wali Zalalzai, Punithraj, Prabhudev and Prashantha.
I wish to express special thanks to seniors and juniors Veeranagappa, Ashok,
Yogendra, Gayathri, Lingaraj, Bavitha, Shruthi and Bhaghya for their help and
support rendered during my study.
I am extremely grateful to AGRIPOWER, Australia for their funding
support and the material to conduct this project and I extend my sincere thanks to
Dr. Regan crooks providing technical support during my research programme.
I express my sincere gratitude to University of Agricultural Sciences,
Bengaluru and Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry for all the
facility and it makes me immensely proud and honored to be a student of this
legendary and prestigious University.
Finally, I thank the eternal love of the great Almighty for gracing the
peaceful atmosphere during the course of my study.
Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of gratitude.

BENGALURU (Anitha, M. S.)
November, 2015
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT DIATOMITE COMPOUNDS ON SOIL
PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF AEROBIC RICE
ANITHA, M. S.
ABSTRACT
An incubation, green house and field experiments were conducted to know the
effect of different grades (DE-1, DE-2, DE-3, DE-4 and DE-5) and levels (250, 500,
750, 1000 and 1500 kg ha-1) of diatomite (DE) on soil properties, growth and yield of
aerobic rice in acidic (Hassan) and alkaline (Mandya) soil. The study revealed that,
there was a significant increase in pH of acidic and decrease in pH of alkaline soil
compared to control irrespective of application rates of DE under field capacity was
recorded over the incubation period. Among the different grades, DE-3 and DE-4
recorded significantly higher acetic acid-Si and CaCl -Si content at 30 days after
2
incubation in both the soils. Irrespective of different grades of DE, increased rate of
application increased the N, P O , K, Ca, Mg and S in both the soils. In a pot culture
2 5
experiment, significantly better performance of rice, increase in the availability and
uptake of Si by rice was noticed with the application of DE-4 @ 750 kg ha-1 and DE-4
@ 1000 kg ha-1 in acidic and alkaline soil, respectively. The results of field
experiment revealed that, application of DE-4 @ 750 kg ha-1 and DE-3 @ 500 kg ha-1
recorded higher yield of aerobic rice at Hassan and Mandya, respectively. Application
of DE-3 @ 500 kg ha-1 and DE-4 @ 750 kg ha-1 recorded higher content and uptake of
Si and all other nutrients by rice straw at both the locations. Lower BD and high
percentage of maximum water holding capacity and water stable aggregate were
recorded with the application of DE-3 @ 500 kg ha-1 at Hassan and DE-4 @ 500 kg
ha-1 at Mandya. In a green house with moisture stress experiment, application of DE-4
@ 300 kg ha-1 at 100 per cent FC recorded significantly higher straw weight and leaf
relative water content, decreased proline content and electrolyte leakage in both acidic
and alkaline soil. Treatment receiving DE-4 @ 300 kg ha-1 at 100 per cent FC
recorded higher content and uptake of Si and other nutrients by rice straw in both the
soils compared to 100 and 50 percent FC alone.

November, 2015
Department of SS&AC (N. B. Prakash)
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru Signature of Major Advisor
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UÁ.PÀÈ.«.PÉÃ., ¨AÉ UÀ¼ÆÀ gÀÄ-560 065
CONTENT SHEET
SL. TITLE PAGE
NO. NO.
I INTRODUCTION 1-2
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3-19
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 20-38
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39-153
V SUMMARY 154-159
VI REFERENCES 160-181
PUBLICATIONS 182-192