Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding - c.ymcdn.com

55 Pages·2011·1.85 MB·English

by  Laura Farr

Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Christine M. Corbin, MD
Northwest Gynecology Associates, LLC
April 26, 2011
Outline
Review of normal menstrual cycle physiology
l 
Review of normal uterine anatomy
l 
Pathophysiology
l 
Evaluation/Work-up
l 
Treatment Options
l 
Tried and true-not so new
- 
Technology era options
-
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation
l 
Proliferative phase -- Follicular phase
l 
Ovulation
l 
Secretory phase -- Luteal phase
l 
Menstruation....again!
l

Menstruation
Eumenorrhea- normal, predictable menstruation
l 
Typically 2-7 days in length
- 
Approximately 35 ml (range 10-80 ml WNL
- 
Gradually increasing estrogen in early follicular phase
- 
slows flow
Remember...first day of bleeding = first day of “cycle”
-
Proliferative Phase/Follicular Phase
Gradual increase of estrogen from developing
l 
follicle
Uterine lining “proliferates” in response
l 
Increasing levels of FSH from anterior pituitary
l 
Follicles stimulated and compete for dominance
l 
“Dominant follicle” reaches maturity
l 
Estradiol increased due to follicle formation
l 
Estradiol initially suppresses production of LH
l
Proliferative Phase/Follicular Phase

Length of follicular phase varies from woman to
l 
woman
Often shorter in perimenopausal women which leads
l 
to shorter intervals between periods
Increasing estrogen causes alteration in cervical
l 
mucus
Mature follicle is approximately 2 cm on ultrasound
l 
measurement just prior to ovulation

Ovulation
Increasing estradiol surpasses threshold and
l 
stimulates release of LH from anterior pituitary
Two different receptors for estrogen in the
l 
hypothalamus
Alpha receptors-for negative feedback in the E2-
- 
LH loop
Beta receptors-for positive feedback in E2-LH loop
-
Ovulation
LH surge occurs occurs approximately day 12
l 
LH surge lasts 48 hours
l 
Wall of follicle weakened; causes release of oocyte
l 
Mature ovum swept into fallopian tube by fimbria
l 
Fertilization occurs in fallopian tube; if no
l 
fertilization within 24 hours the ovum dissolves in
tube