European marine Mollusca: notes on less well-known species. XVII. Parvicardium carrozzai spec. nov., with notes on P. minimum (Philippi, 1836) and Cardium perrieri Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897 (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Cardiidae)

6 Pages·2001·1.7 MB·English

by  Van Aartsen, J J

BASTERIA, 65:117-122,2001
European marineMollusca:notes onless well-knownspecies. XVII.Parvicardium
carrozzaispec. nov.,withnotesonP.minimum (Philippi, 1836) and Cardiumperrieri
Dautzenberg &Fischer, 1897(Bivalvia,Heterodonta,Cardiidae)
J.J. vanAartsen &J. Goud
National Museum ofNatural History, PO.Box 9517, NL 2300 RALeiden,The Netherlands
In addition to earlier notes on Mediterranean-Lusitanian Parvicardium species, P.carrozzai
spec.nov. isdescribed,and the synonymyofP.minimum, inparticularthe status ofCardium
perrieri, isdiscussed.
Keywords: Bivalvia,Cardiidae, Parvicardium,Lusitanian,Mediterranean, taxonomy,nomen-
clature.
INTRODUCTION
Recently we studied the Mediterranean-Lusitanian species of Parvicardium
Monterosato, 1884, and gave notes on nomenclatureand synonymy (Van Aartsen &
Goud, 2000). (Lusitanian was used in the sensethatit includes the Mediterranean). At
thattimewe hadafew valvesbelonging tothe genusParvicardiumwhich couldnot be
identifiedwithone ofthe known species dealtwith. Thesevalvesoriginatedfrom about
100 m deep in the Aegean Sea. The only well-known Mediterranean-Lusitanian
Parvicardium species from deeper water is Parvicardium minimum(Philippi, 1836), but a
first comparison showed them to be differentfrom that species. In the meantime we
receivedanumberof valvesaswellas afewcompletespecimens foridentificationfrom
FerdinandoCarrozza.Thismaterialoriginated fromthe Tuscan Seaat depthsfrom 200
to 300m and belonged to the same species.As theseshellswere largerandbetterpre-
servedthantheoneswe possessed originally, itbecameevidentthatwewere dealing with
anewspecies. This species is described hereas Parvicardium carrozzaispec. nov.
For collections, the following abbreviations are used: AD, colln J.J. van Aartsen,
Dieren; CS, collnF. Carrozza, Soiana; RMNH, NationalMuseumofNatural History,
Leiden;RP, collnRocchini, Pistoia.
SYSTEMATICPART
Parvicardiumcarrozzai spec.nov.(figs 1-3, 7, 8, 11)
Material (paratypesifnotstatedotherwise).- Italy, Tuscan Sea,200-300 m (RMNH85868/holotype,ex
CS;AD 29304/ 2 specimens;CS/8 specimens and 7valves);idem,30-40 m (RP/4specimens); AegeanSea,
90-130 m(AD 22485/>20 valves;RMNH 85869/4 valves);Malta,29m (AD 22916/2valves);Greece,Crete,
from afishingboatinElounda (AD 24864/1 specimenand 4valves).
118 BASTERIA, Vol. 65,No. 4-6,2001
Figs 1-6.Parvicardium spec.Figs 1-3.P.carrozzaispec. nov.1-2,inside ofleftand rightvalveofholotype(6.1x
6.5 mm), Italy, Tuscan Sea, 200-300 m (RMNH85868); 3, outside ofleft valve, paratype (3.6 x 3.7 mm),
Greece,AegeanSea, 90-130m(RMNH85869).Figs 4-6.P.minimum,Greece,AegeanSea,90-130m(RMNH
85869). 4-5, inside of left (4.2 x 4.3 mm) and right valve (4.3 x 4.4 mm); 6, outside of left valve
(4.4x 4.4mm).
VanAartsen&Goud:Parvicardiumcarrozzaispec. Nov. 119
Figs7-10. Parvicardium spec.,hinges(25x).Figs7-8. P.carrozzaispec.nov., TuscanSea,Italy, 200-300m,left and
rightvalveofholotype (6.1 x6.5mm), Italy, Tuscan Sea,200-300m (RMNH85868).Figs 9-10.P.minimum,
Greece,AegeanSea,90-130m (RMNH85869),left (4.2x 4.3mm)and rightvalve (4.3x4.4mm).
Description. - Shellrounded, more orless equilateral and inflated.Valves thin and
transparent:theoutsideribsshinethrough overmost oftheinsideoftheshell.Thereare
about twenty-five ribs. The anteriorribs are decoratedwith straight plates, mostofthe
ribs in the middleare smoothbut afeware decoratedwith round dots. These ribs are
relatively close toeachother. On theposterior sidefiveto sevenribs carrying strongspi-
nes are present. Theintersticesbetween theribs show manyconcentrically placed thic-
kened growth lines. The smooth prodissoconch measures 110-140 pm. The hinge is
ratherweak,thecardinalteethprotruding ventrally belowthenarrow hingeplate. Many
of the shells are variegated with light-brown blotches onayellowish background. No
whitespecimens havebeen seen.
Dimensions(heightx width) upto9 x9 mm. Theholotype measures6.1 x6.5mm.
Etymology. - This species is named after Ferdinando Carrozza, Soiana, Italy, well-
known malacologist andlong-time friendof thefirst author.
Remarks.- Parvicardiumcarrozzaispec. nov. issimilartoP.minimumwhichdiffersby the
morestraight posterior side (compare figs 4 and 5withfigs 1 and2), thehigher number
of ribs, viz. 30insteadof25 (compare fig.6 withfig. 3), aswell asby its differenthinge
(compare fig. 7 withfig. 9andfig.8 with fig. 10).Parvicardiumminimumalsohas amuch
larger prodissoconch, e.g. 220-250pm insteadof 110-140pm inP. carrozzai spec, nov.,as
canbe seenbycomparing fig. 7 withfig. 9. Thedecorationoftheribs withtriangular sca-
lesin P.minimum is quitedifferentfromthe plates andknobs seenin P. carrozzai(compa-
re figs 11 and 12).
120 BASTERIA, Vol. 65,No. 4-6,2001
Figs 11-12.Parvicardium spec. 11,P.carrozzaispec. nov.,detailoffig. 3,30x; 12,P.minimum. detail offig.6(left
valve),30x.
VanAartsen&Goud:Parvicardiumcarrozzaispec. Nov. 121
Parvicardiumcarrozzaispec. nov. has muchincommonwithP. pinnulatum (Conrad,1831)
[=P.ovale(Sowerby, 1840)].Inbothspecies the ribs are closely spaced andtheinterstices
thereforevery narrow. Thecentralribs are smoothandunarmed.The shellsarerather
thin and,as a consequence,the ribs shinethrough over mostof the inside(see figs 1-3
and VanAartsen & Goud,2000: figs. 22-24). There arealso several important differen-
ces. Comparedwith P. pinnulatum, the posteriorside is muchmore strongly indentedin
P.carrozzai, thespines ontheposterior ribs aremuch more pronounced andthehinge is
quitedifferent, especially the cardinal teeth, as canbe seen inthe figures cited above.
Moreover,theprodissoconch ofP. pinnulatum measures200-250pm, insteadofonly 110-
140pm in P.carrozzai.
Incomparison with Parvicardium carrozzaispec, nov.,P.scabrum (Philippi, 1844) has a
thickershell, awell-developed hinge, anda completely differentdecorationonthe ante-
riorribs (see fig. 11and VanAartsen & Goud,2000: fig.29).
Parvicardiumminimum(Philippi, 1836) (figs 4-6,9, 10, 12)
Cardium minimumPhilippi, 1836:51
Cardium suediense Reeve,1845(March):pi.22 fig. 132.
Cardium loveniThompson,1845(May):317,pi. 19fig.7.
Cardium suecicum(Reeve)Loven emend.,1846:36;Forbes&Hanley, 1849:33,pi. 32 fig.6.
CardiumperrieriDautzenberg&Fischer, 1897:212,pi.6 fig. 17.
Parvicardium minimum; VanAartsen&Goud,2000: 183.
Notes. - In additionto our formerremarks about this species (Van Aartsen & Goud,
2000), we nowgive somefigures as well.
The nameCardiumsuecicum Loven, 1846,is sometimes used to denotethe Atlantic-
boreal specimens. This is a replacement name for Reeve 's C. suediense, as stated by
Loven(1846: 36): "269.CardiumsuecicumReeve, 132 (“Suediense”- lapsus calami)=C. love-
niThompson. ".
Cardiumperrieri Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897, was described from deep water in the
EastAtlantic ( 47°10'N, 8°08' W, between 748 and 1262m). Dautzenberg & Fischer do
notreally compare theirspecies withany otherParvicardiumspecies butmerely state: "
IInenous aetepossible de1'assimileraaucun despetits Cardiumeuropeensconnus,...".
As citedbyFischer-Piette(1977: 90), Mars(1965: 90)was apparently thefirstauthorto
synonymize CardiumperrieriwithParvicardiumminimum. Thiswas repeated byanumber
ofauthors(Nordsieck, 1969:99; Voskuil& Onverwagt, 1989:72; Sabellietal., 1990: 310;
Poppe &Goto,1993:98),butthere isnoindicationthatMarsorany oftheotherauthors
hadeverseenoriginal material.Wethereforestudiedthe holotype and only specimen,
kept in the'MuseeOceanographique deMonaco',and concludedthatitbelongs without
doubttoParvicardiumminimum.Thusthesynonymyis establishednowonthebasisofthe
original material.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Wethank Ms. M. Brunifromthe MuseeOceanographique deMonaco forpermitting
usto study theholotype ofCardiumperrieri.
122 BASTERIA, Vol. 65,No. 4-6,2001
ADDITIONALREFERENCES
Formostreferences seeVan Aartsen&Goud,2000.
AARTSEN,J.J. VAN ,&J. GOUD,2000.EuropeanmarineMollusca: notesonless well-known species.XV.
Notes onLusitanian species ofParvicardium Monterosato, 1884, andAfrocardiumrichardi (Audouin,
1826) (Bivalvia,Heterodonta,Cardiidae).- Basteria 64: 171-186.
DAUTZENBERG, Ph.,&H.FISCHER, 1897.Dragageseffectuespar l'Hirondelle etpar la Princesse-Alice:
1.- Memoires de la SocieteZoologiquedeFrance 10: 139-234.
LOVfiN, S.L., 1846.Index Molluscorum litoraScandinaviae occidentaliahabitantium:1-50. Holmiae. Also
published as "Nordens Haffs Mollusker" - Ofersigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens
Forhandlingar,Stockholm 3: 134-160; 182-204 (1847).
MARS, P., 1965. Fauna marine des Pyrenees-Orientales. Fascicule 5. Mollusques Aplacophores,
Polyplacophore,ScaphopodesetBivalves. - Vie etMilieu 15(4),Supplement:1-156.Paris.
REEVE,L.A., 1844-1845.ConchologiaIconica: orillustrations ofthe shells ofmolluscous animals. Vol. 2,
Cardium: pis1-22. London.
THOMPSON, W., 1845.AdditionstotheFaunaofIreland, includingdescriptionsofsomeapparentlynew
speciesofInvertebrata. - Annals andMagazine ofNatural History 15:308-321.