European Agroforestry Conference. 3rd. Book of Abstracts

469 Pages·2016·19.48 MB·English

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EURAF
EUROPEAN AGROFORESTRY FEDERATION

rd
3 European Agroforestry Conference
Celebrating 20 years of Agroforestry research in
Europe

Montpellier, France, 23-25 May 2016

Book of Abstracts

ISBN: 978-2-87614-717-1
EAN: 9782876147171

Editor-In-Chief:
Marie Gosme

Editors:

Joana Amaral Paulo Gerardo Moreno
Robert Borek Rosa Mosquera-Losada
Paul Burgess Joao Palma
Christian Dupraz Anastasia Pantera
Nuria Ferreiro Domínguez Pierluigi Paris
Dirk Freese Andrea Pisanelli
Pilar González-Hernández Tobias Plieninger
Marie Gosme Bert Reubens
Tibor Hartel Mercedes Rois
Norbert Lamersdorf Adolfo Rosati
Gerry Lawson Jo Smith
Bohdan Lojka Andrea Vityi
Delphine Mézière

We thank Esther Lauri for her help on formatting this document, and the local organizing committee, in
particular Sandrine Renoir

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biodiversity environment
group
benefit
ecological
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method
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impact field ecosystem
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condition service practice resource
carbon
cover growthyield agriculturalcanopy
distance data farmer control
area density
timewater effect
european swheyat stemdifference
year treatment
agriculture
cropping
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landscape change
light valueplant tree fruitarable
need biomas land alley type
plaervteolliveforest soilplot site
study studies
qualityresult root
agroforestrywoody
food
height
crop
stakeholder important
different management
reference
measure
economicclimate production farm increase
order model potential
productivity
project europe
research analysis
product environmental wood hedgerow
temperature organic sustainable
timberplantation shade

The 100 most frequent words in this document, sized proportional to their frequency

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Table of contents

Table of contents ...........................................................................................................4
FOREWORD BY CHRISTIAN DUPRAZ .....................................................................9
FOREWORD BY ROSA MOSQUERA-LOSADA......................................................10
SESSION DEVELOPMENT OF AGROFORESTRY IN EUROPE (AND BEYOND):
FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS, BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES .................................11
DRIVERS OF SWISS AGROFORESTRY IT’S NOT ALL ABOUT MONEY .......................................................... 12
BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS ASSOCIATED TO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS: THE CASE STUDIES
IMPLEMENTED IN ITALY WITHIN THE AGFORWARD PROJECT ..................................................................... 20
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF HIGH NATURAL AND CULTURAL VALUE IN EUROPE: CONSTRAINTS,
CHALLENGES AND PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE .......................................................................................... 24
BOTTLENECKS AND SOLUTIONS FOR INTRODUCING AGROFORESTRY: A CASE STUDY FOR THE
NETHERLANDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
CHARACTERS IMPLEMENTING AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN VIRGINIA, USA: CHALLENGES AND
PATHS FORWARD ................................................................................................................................................... 31
STAKEHOLDERS’ VISIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM DEHESA
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS: A DELPHI APPROACH ........................................................................................ 34
SHELTERBELTS IN HUNGARY .............................................................................................................................. 42
EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION AND FOOD INSECURITY: RELEVANCE OF LESSONS LEARNED FROM
AGROFORESTRY .................................................................................................................................................... 45
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SWEDEN ........................................................................................................... 49
SESSION ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF AGROFORESTRY...........................53
DOES HARVESTING HEDGES FOR WOODFUEL CONFLICT WITH THEIR DELIVERY OF OTHER
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES? ...................................................................................................................................... 54
EXPERTS’ PERCEPTION OF POTENTIAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM AGROFORESTRY AND OTHER
AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................. 58
HOW AGROFORESTRY MICROCLIMATES COULD AFFECT THE DAILY-ACTIVITY OF MAJOR
PREDATORY ARTHROPODS IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE CROPS? .................................................................. 62
ARABLE WEEDS IN ALLEY CROPPING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS – RESULTS OF A FIRST YEAR
SURVEY .................................................................................................................................................................... 66
AGR'EAU: A FARMER-CENTERED GRASSROOTS EFFORT TO DEVELOP A RESOURCE-EFFICIENT,
ECO-FRIENDLY, CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE ACROSS THE ADOUR-GARONNE CATCHMENT
BASIN (SOUTH-WEST OF FRANCE) ..................................................................................................................... 70
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEMS
THROUGH SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION IN AGROFORESTRY PLANTATIONS.................................... 72
WITHOUT TREES NO BEES: AGROFORESTRY FOR A PRODUCTIVE AND BEE-SMART AGRICULTURE 76
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BY TREES OUTSIDE FOREST: SHOULD THE STRUCTURE AND LOCATION OF
NEW PLANTINGS MATTER MORE? ...................................................................................................................... 78
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN EUROPE WITH AN EMPHASIS ON
BIODIVERSITY.......................................................................................................................................................... 82
EFFECTS OF TREE ALLEYS ON SOIL STRUCTURE AND FERTILITY: IS THERE A GENERAL PATTERN?
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
THE POTENTIAL OF AGROFORESTRY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL BY CARABIDS .. 88
A SYSTEMATIC MAP OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ASSESSMENTS AROUND EUROPEAN
AGROFORESTRY .................................................................................................................................................... 90
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHELTERBELTS: A CASE STUDY FROM EASTERN HUNGARY.............................. 94
PHYTODEPURATION PROCESSES IN TWO SHORT ROTATION FORESTRY SYSTEMS WITHIN THE
VENICE LAGOON WATERSHED ............................................................................................................................ 98
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SESSION INNOVATIONS IN AGROFORESTRY ...................................................102
AGROFORESTRY: NEW CHALLENGE FOR FIELD CROP BREEDING? ........................................................ 103
FRUIT-TREES IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS - REVIEW AND PROSPECTS FOR THE TEMPERATE AND
MEDITERRANEAN ZONES ................................................................................................................................... 107
TRUNK – CROWN GROWTH TRADE OFF IN POLLARDED TREES: INFLUENCE ON WOOD PRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 111
NEW ALLEY CROPPING TRIAL IN THE MID-WESTERN US WITH MULTI-LAYER NUT AND FRUIT TREE
ROWS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 114
AGFORWARD: ACHIEVEMENTS DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS ............................................................ 117
HOW MUCH COMMERCIAL TIMBER IN YOUR PLOT, HOW MUCH CARBON SEQUESTRATED IN THE
TREES, HOW MUCH LIGHT AVAILABLE FOR UNDERCROPS? TERRESTRIAL LIDAR IS THE RIGHT
TECHNOLOGY FOR ADDRESSING THESE QUESTIONS ................................................................................ 121
SUSTAINABLE LAND-APPLICATION OF BIOCHAR IN AGROFORESTRY ..................................................... 125
THE SMART PROJECT: A FOCUS ON FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN
FRANCE .................................................................................................................................................................. 129
COMPLEX AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS FOR EUROPE: INSPIRATION FROM SUCCESSIONAL
AGROFORESTRY .................................................................................................................................................. 132
VERTICAL PROJECT: DESIGN OF FRUIT AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS FOR A RENEWED
HORTICULTURE .................................................................................................................................................... 135
THE POTENTIAL OF EDIBLE FOREST GARDENING IN URBAN AREAS-A CASE STUDY FROM
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ....................................................................................................................................... 139
SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION IN SWEDEN - TO GROW AND EAT FROM PERENNIAL
INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS – RESULTS FROM A PARTICIPATORY LEARNING AND ACTION RESEARCH
PROJECT ................................................................................................................................................................ 142
IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF AFFORESTATION BY THE USE OF AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES ..... 145
ADAPTING SUCCESSIONAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS TO EUROPEAN CONTEXT WITH
COLLABORATIVE METHODS ............................................................................................................................... 147
SESSION PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF
AGROFORESTRY ..................................................................................................151
PRODUCTIVITY OF SILVOARABLE SYSTEMS ESTABLISHED WITH PRUNUS AVIUM L. IN GALICIA (NW
SPAIN) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 152
A PARTICIPATORY APPROACH TO DEVELOP NEW PRODUCTS THAT PROMOTE SOCIAL
VALORIZATION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS............................................................................................. 156
NITROGEN CREDIT TRADING AS AGROFORESTRY PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICE FOR
RIPARIAN BUFFER ESTABLISHMENT ON PENNSYLVANIA FARMLAND...................................................... 159
EFFECT OF PLANT DIVERSITY ON THE GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN
TALAMANCA COSTA RICA ................................................................................................................................... 163
GREENING AND PRODUCTING: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING
TREES IN CROPPING SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................................ 167
AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES TO OVERCOME PRICES VOLATILITY: THE CASE OF RUBBER IN
PHATTHALUNG PROVINCE, THAILAND............................................................................................................. 170
HERBICIDE-FREE ESTABLISHMENT OF SHORT ROTATION AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS WITH
DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES - RESULTS FROM AN ORGANIC FIELD TRIAL IN BAVARIA ......................... 174
SESSION AGROFORESTRY AND CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................178
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN INTENSIVE HARDWOOD PLANTATIONS: INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 179
MICROCLIMATIC EFFECT OF AGROFORESTRY ON DIURNAL TEMPERATURE CYCLE .......................... 183
EFFECT OF SHADE ON TEMPERATURE MITIGATION AND CANOPY ASSIMILATION OF COFFEE
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................... 187
MICROCLIMATE PATTERNS IN AN AGROFORESTRY INTERCROPPED VINEYARD: FIRST RESULTS .. 191
FROM ANCIENT OLIVE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS TO MODERN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC
OLIVE MONOCULTURES: HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS...................... 195
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INCREASE OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCK UNDER AGROFORESTRY: A SURVEY OF DIFFERENT
SITES IN FRANCE .................................................................................................................................................. 198
AGROFORESTRY AS TOOL TO MITIGATE AND ADAPT TO CLIMATE UNDER LULUCF ACCOUNTING.. 201
TREE-BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS: A POTENTIAL LAND-USE SOLUTION FOR CLIMATE
CHANGE MITIGATION IN CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES ......................................................... 204
CROPPING AMONG TREES TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE. INSIGHTS FROM CEREAL CULTIVATED
IN WALNUT PLANTATIONS OF CENTRAL SPAIN ............................................................................................. 208
SHELTERBELT AS A BEST PRACTICE OF IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION.......................... 212
ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS IN TROPICAL AGROFORESTRY ....................................... 214
LOCAL PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT
OF SENEGALIA SENEGAL PARKS IN NIGER .................................................................................................... 218
INITIAL SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION UNDER MONO CULTURES AND SHORT ROTATION ALLEY
COPPICES WITH POPLAR AND WILLOW .......................................................................................................... 222
LINKING ABOVE - AND BELOWGROUND PHENOLOGY OF HYBRID WALNUT IN TEMPERATE
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................... 226
SESSION FARMERS’ TESTIMONIES ACROSS EUROPE ...................................230
IMPORTANCE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM AGROFORESTRY FOR LOCAL PEOPLE ................... 231
COMPLEXITY AND AGROFORESTRY: WAYS TO EMBRACE THE CHALLENGE ........................................ 234
IMPLEMENTATION OF AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES FOR THE RECOVERY OF DEGRADED SOILS IN
SEMI-ARID AREAS OF SOUTHERN EUROPE: CASE STUDY OF LIFE OPERATION CO PROJECT, AYOÓ
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DE VIDRIALES (SPAIN) ......................................................................................................................................... 237
UNDERSTANDING THE ACCEPTANCE OR REFUSAL OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS BY FARMERS IN
THE NORD –PAS-DE-CALAIS REGION (NORTHERN FRANCE) ..................................................................... 241
PARTICIPATORY AGROFORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN SWITZERLAND ..................................................... 245
INVENTORY OF AGROFORESTRY IN CZECH REPUBLIC............................................................................... 249
AN EXAMPLE OF VIRTUOUS CIRCLE BETWEEN THE EXPLOITATION OF BOXWOOD AND AN ORGANIC
HOG FARM.............................................................................................................................................................. 252
AGROFORESTRY DEMO PROJECTS IN VENETO AGRICOLTURA’S PILOT FARMS AND CENTRES ...... 255
THE LACK OF A CLEAR DEFINITION OF AGROFORESTRY HINDERS ITS ACCEPTANCE IN GERMANY
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 259
TESTIMONY OF PIERRE PUJOS, FARMER IN GERS (SOUTH-WEST OF FRANCE) ................................... 263
TESTIMONY OF ANDREW COCUP ..................................................................................................................... 264
SESSION QUANTITY, QUALITY AND DIVERSITY OF AGROFORESTRY
PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................266
OLIVE (OLEA EUROPEA L.) AND WILD ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS ACUTIFOLIUS L.) AGROFORESTRY
SYSTEM: ASPARAGUS PERFORMANCE AND ITS BEST POSITIONING IN THE OLIVE ORCHARD ......... 267
INTER-SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS ON THE LIGHT, WATER AND NITROGEN AVAILABILITY IN A YOUNG
POPLAR SILVOARABLE SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 270
THE QUALITY OF POPLAR WOOD FROM AGROFORESTRY: A COMPARISON WITH FOREST
PLANTATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 274
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF HIGH NATURAL AND CULTURAL VALUE IN EUROPE: STRUCTURE,
MANAGEMENT, GOODS AND SERVICES .......................................................................................................... 278
SUGAR BEET YIELDS AND SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS IN AN ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM ...... 282
OLIVE TREES INTERCROPPED WITH CEREALS AND LEGUMES IN KASSANDRA PENINSULA,
NORTHERN GREECE............................................................................................................................................ 286
OLIVE GROVES INTERCROPPED IN MOLOS, CENTRAL GREECE ............................................................... 289
RELATIVE CROP YIELDS OF EUROPEAN SILVOARABLE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS........................... 292
GROWTH AND YIELD RESULTS OF TIMBER TREES MIXED WITH POPLAR SRC: 9 YEARS OF AN
EXPERIMENTAL PLOT IN THE PO VALLEY ....................................................................................................... 295
AGROFORESTRY AND WOODFUEL PRODUCTION: SOME DATA FROM AGROFORESTRY-SYSTEMS IN
AFRICA .................................................................................................................................................................... 298
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SESSION TREE-CROP COMPETITION AND FACILITATION ..............................301
DEALING WITH CROP ROTATION IN AGROFORESTRY: THE IMPACT OF SHADE ON WINTER WHEAT
AND SUGAR BEET GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER BELGIUM CONDITIONS ................................................. 302
OPTIMIZATION OF RAIN-FED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM BASED ON OLIVE TREES AND ANNUAL
CROPS IN NORTHERN MOROCCO .................................................................................................................... 305
INFLUENCE OF TREE POLLARDING ON CROP YIELD IN A MEDITERRANEAN AGROFORESTRY
SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................................. 309
THE GROWTH OF WILD CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) VARIETIES INTERPLANTED WITH WILLOW
(SALIX SPP.) ........................................................................................................................................................... 312
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TREE, CROP, SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT IN ALLEY CROPPING
SYSTEMS IN FLANDERS ...................................................................................................................................... 315
EFFECT OF AGROFORESTRY ON PHENOLOGY AND COMPONENTS OF YIELD OF DIFFERENT
VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT .......................................................................................................................... 317
MICROCLIMATE EFFECTS OF SHORT ROTATION TREE-STRIPS IN GERMANY ....................................... 321
INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF TREE CANOPY COVER AND DEFOLIATION ON GROWTH OF FESTUCA
PALLESCENS IN MEDITERRANEAN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS IN NW PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA ..... 325
DEVELOPING AGROFORESTRY-ADAPTED CEREALS USING AN EVOLUTIONARY PLANT BREEDING
APPROACH ............................................................................................................................................................. 328
SPATIAL SOIL FERTILITY GRADIENT IN A MATURE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM UNDER A
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE ................................................................................................................................ 331
TRAIN THE YOUTH! EFFECT OF WATER STRESS AND INTERCROPPING ON PEACH TREE GROWTH
AFTER PLANTATION ............................................................................................................................................. 334
INFLUENCE OF THE SHEA BUTTER TREE ON AGRICULTURAL YIELDS IN NORTHERN IVORY COAST
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 337
INFLUENCE OF FAIHERBIA ALBIDA ON UPLAND RICE PRODUCTIVITY ..................................................... 340
SESSION AGROFORESTRY MODELLING ...........................................................344
MODELLING HOLM OAK ACORN PRODUCTION IN SOUTH-WESTERN IBERIA .......................................... 345
USING THE YIELD-SAFE MODEL TO ASSESS HYPOTHETICAL EUCALYPTUS SILVOPASTORAL
SYSTEMS IN PORTUGAL ..................................................................................................................................... 349
ARE CROP MODELS ABLE TO SIMULATE CROP GROWTH UNDER SHADE? ............................................ 353
KEEPING A PARAMETER-SPARSE CONCEPT IN AGROFORESTRY MODELING WHILE INTEGRATING
NEW PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN YIELD-SAFE ............................................ 356
AGROFORESTRY AT ALL LATITUDES? UNEXPECTED RESULTS ABOUT BEST DESIGNS TO ALLOW
MORE LIGHT TO THE CROPS AT VARIOUS LATITUDES ................................................................................ 360
ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES OF ARABLE, FORESTRY, AND SILVOARABLE
SYSTEMS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FARM-SAFE.......................................................................................... 364
SESSION HOW TO ASSESS THE PERFORMANCE OF AGROFORESTRY
SYSTEMS? .............................................................................................................368
LANDSCAPE METRICS CALCULATION TO OPTIMIZE THE AESTHETICS OF FUTURE AGROFORESTRY
SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION WITHIN A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL................................................... 369
A GUIDANCE TOOL TO SUPPORT FARMERS WITH ECOLOGICAL FOCUS AREAS – THE BENEFITS OF
AGROFORESTRY FOR ECOSTYSTEM SERVICES AND BIODIVERSITY ...................................................... 373
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT CRITERIA FOR AGROFORESTRY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ............... 376
MODERN AGROFORESTRY IN SWITZERLAND: THE PERCEPTION GAP OF ITS CONTRIBUTION TO
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................................................... 380
INTEGRATING AGROFORESTRY INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS IN INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL
LANDSCAPES: A SWOT-AHP ANALYSIS OF STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS ......................................... 384
NURTURING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN FLANDERS: AN AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
APPROACH ............................................................................................................................................................. 388
TERAFOR: DEXI-BASED MULTICRITERIA MODEL FOR CONSIDERING ALL MULTIPLE FONCTIONS OF
TREE FORMATIONS IN TEMPERATE AGROFORESTRY AREAS ................................................................... 392
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SESSION SILVOPASTORALISM ...........................................................................396
INTEGRATING AGROFORESTRY INTO AN INNOVATIVE MIXED CROP-DAIRY SYSTEM.......................... 397
WHEN CHICKENS GRAZE IN OLIVE ORCHARDS, THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BOTH CHICKEN
REARING AND OLIVE GROWING DECREASES................................................................................................ 400
YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) IN AN OLIVE (Olea europaea L.) ALLEY-
CROPPING PRACTICE .......................................................................................................................................... 403
FORGOTTEN FOOD – TREE HAY ....................................................................................................................... 407
NUTRITIVE VALUE AND DEGRADABILITY OF LEAVES FROM TEMPERATE WOODY RESOURCES FOR
FEEDING RUMINANTS IN SUMMER ................................................................................................................... 410
CROP-CATTLE-TREE INTEGRATION IN RORAIMA STATE, BRAZILIAN AMAZON ..................................... 414
FLOODPLAIN FOREST GRAZING MANAGEMENT: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE ................................... 417
QUALITY OF APPLE TREES AND APPLES IN POULTRY FREE RANGE AREAS ......................................... 420
SESSION UPDATES ON AGROFORESTRY POLICIES ACROSS EUROPE .......424
OPTIONS FOR AGROFORESTRY IN THE CAP 2014-2020 .............................................................................. 425
CAP AND AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN EUROPE .................................................................................... 429
AGROFORESTRY IN THE CAP: CROSS-COMPLIANCE OR CONDITIONALITY............................................ 434
AGROFORESTRY IN THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT CAP: PILLAR II ............................................................... 437
AGROFORESTRY IN POLAND – THE CURRENT STATE AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES ........................... 440
AGROFORESTRY AND GOOD GOVERNANCE: A COMPARISON OF THE AGROFORESTRY POLICY
FRAMEWORKS IN THE EU AND THE USA......................................................................................................... 443
Index of Authors ....................................................................................................447
List of participants ................................................................................................451
Index of keywords .................................................................................................460

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FOREWORD BY CHRISTIAN DUPRAZ

Twenty years after…

The European Agroforestry Conference has been organized every second year since 2012 by the
European Agroforestry Federation. It is a major scientific forum for those involved in agroforestry
research, extension and application in Europe. We are very pleased to welcome all delegates to the
third European Agroforestry Conference in Montpellier (23-25 May 2016), after Bruxelles (Belgium) in
October 2012 and Cottbus (Germany) in June 2014.

Montpellier is a special place for agroforestry in Europe. It is one of the most ancient university towns
in Europe, where one of the world’s first botanical gardens was established in 1593. The Institut de
Botanique provided some of the pioneers in tropical agroforestry research and two agricultural
research and development institutes involved in agroforestry are present in Montpellier: INRA focusing
mostly on temperate regions, and CIRAD devoted to tropical aspects.

Twenty years ago, in June 1997, a workshop on agroforestry took place in Montpellier, and was
probably the first ever in Europe. This workshop was entitled “Agroforestry for Sustainable Land-Use –
fundamental research and modelling, with an emphasis on temperate and Mediterranean applications”
and gathered 80 oral and poster presentations. By that time, climate change was not on the agenda,
and agro-ecology was still unnamed. Alley cropping agroforestry was a real obstacle course in France
and in most of Europe: farmers were denied the right to grow crops between trees as they lose the
Common Agriculture Policy grants by doing so. Fortunately, times they are changing… and this
conference will be the right time to assess twenty years of progress.

The same trees 20 years after: the harvester did not grow… but the knowledge about agroforestry
practices did!

The European Agroforestry Conferences alternate with the North-American Agroforestry Conferences,
allowing a fruitful exchange of delegates. We are honored to welcome this year a strong north-
American delegation, as well as participants from 19 European countries and 9 non European
countries. We must admit that AFTA, the North American Agroforestry Association, got going first:
their conferences started in 1989, and the 17th AFTA Conference is scheduled in 2017 in Blacksburg,
Virginia.
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Agroforestry is science, agriculture, ecology. But agroforestry is also culture, wisdom, and may be fun
or art. Some participants of the 1997 event may recall the nice evening at the Restinclières Castle,
after a long field day visit, where we enjoyed a concert by “Une anche passe”. This year you may also
have a memorable surprise at the Restinclières castle. Be prepared for music tuned with trees.
Twenty years after, the trees have grown, the policies have changed, more and more farmers are
involved, and even the “man on the street” may have heard about agroforestry. Is that enough to call it
an Agroforestry renaissance? Lets us now open the debate and celebrate twenty years of agroforestry
in the making in Europe.

Christian Dupraz
President of the Organizing Committee, former President of EURAF (2011-2014)

FOREWORD BY ROSA MOSQUERA-LOSADA

Agroforestry is considered nowadays as a sustainable form of land management that is being
promoted by different global institutions like FAO and its Global Alliance Smart Climate Agriculture to
mitigate and adaptate to Climate change. The European Commission through the protection of
landscape features, greening and Rural Development Programs is promoting the essential presence
of woody vegetation across Europe, but in a way that is difficult to recognize by farmers. AGROFE and
AGFORWARD projects are both demonstrating the important value of Agroforestry at European level,
which together with EURAF are pushing European Commission to include measures enhancing
Agroforestry. However, there is a need of a European Agroforestry Strategy that recognizes the
drawbacks of Agroforestry to be implemented at European level. This strategy should include the main
mechanisms to show farmers how to implement it and at the same time to get funded for the important
ecosystem services that they provide when implementing agroforestry. AGFORWARD project has
identified the main agroforestry practices in Europe, highlighting silvopasture, but showing the
importance that others forms of agroforestry have to play like homegardens with multipurpose trees, or
the adequate improvement of fallow lands where woody vegetation can enhance the levels of organic
matter in the soil if adequately managed. AGFORWARD also shows the lack of information of the real
implementation of agroforestry practices like forest farming, in spite of the important productive and
ecosystem benefits it provides. EURAF through the participation in the different civil dialogue groups
(CAP, Direct Payments and Greening, Forestry and Cork, Organic Farming, Arable, Environment and
Climate Change and Rural Development) has included and promoted agroforestry within the European
Agenda. The role of Agroforestry has been also enhanced in the Groups of experts of European
Structural and Investments funds and as part of the European Network for Rural Development and its
derived groups: innovation, evaluation and CLLD/LEADER. EURAF is pleased to announce that
Agroforestry will be discussed as part of a focus group of the European Innovation Partnership, so,
apply and join the group. This book represents the lastest findings on agroforestry in Europe,
integrating the participation of researchers but also policy makers and farmers and farmers'
associations. It was a pleasure for EURAF to integrate all this needed knowledge to be disseminated
at European levels. On behalf of EURAF, I wish all of you a successful meeting and invite you to
strengthen agroforestry within the different European Union countries when you go back home.

Rosa Mosquera-LOSADA
President of EURAF

Acknowledgements
EURAF would like to thank the support given by many partners to organize this event. The Conference
has been made possible thanks to the financial assistance by INRA and the French Ministry of
Agriculture. The Conference was also supported by CIRAD, the AGFORWARD European research
project, the Conseil Départemental de l'Hérault, The Fondation de France, the French Agroforestry
Association (AFAF) and Montpellier Supagro.

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