Table Of ContentEU–US Cooperation on Internal
Security
This book analyses the cooperation between the European Union and the United
States on internal security and counter-t errorism since the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
In particular, four areas of cooperation are examined: customs and supply
chain security; judicial cooperation (the mutual legal assistance and extradition
agreements); law enforcement cooperation (the Europol–US agreements); and
the EU–US agreements for the sharing of air passengers’ data (PNR agree-
ments). These cases are analysed through a conceptual framework based on the
theories of international regimes, with the data being drawn from an extensive
documentary analysis of media sources collected through the ‘Nexis’ database,
official documents, and from 13 semi-s tructured elite interviews with US and
EU officials. The book argues that the EU and the US have established a trans-
atlantic internal security regime based on shared principles, norms, rules, and
interests. While at the beginning of this process the EU had a more reactive and
passive stance at the later stages both the EU and the US were active in shaping
the transatlantic political agenda and negotiations. The book demonstrates how
the EU has had a much more proactive role in its relations with the US than has
often been assumed in the current literature.
This book will be of much interest to students of EU policy, foreign policy,
international security and IR in general.
Dimitrios Anagnostakis is a researcher on international security, terrorism, the
European Union, and transatlantic relations. He is a Teaching Fellow at Liver-
pool Hope University, UK.
Routledge Studies in European Security and Strategy
Series Editors: Sven Biscop
Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations, Belgium
and
Richard Whitman
University of Kent, UK
The aim of this series is to bring together the key experts on European security
from the academic and policy worlds, and assess the state of play of the EU as
an international security actor. The series explores the EU, and its member
states, security policy and practices in a changing global and regional context.
While the focus is on the politico-m ilitary dimension, security is put in the
context of the holistic approach advocated by the EU.
Tactical Nuclear Weapons and The European Defence Agency
Euro- Atlantic Security Arming Europe
The future of NATO Edited by Nikolaos Karampekios and
Edited by Paolo Foradori Iraklis Oikonomou
The EU and Military Operations EU Security Policy and Crisis
A comparative analysis Management
Katarina Engberg A quest for coherence
Nicole Koenig
The EU and Effective
Multilateralism The EU, Strategy and Security
Internal and external reform practices Policy
Edited by Edith Drieskens and Regional and strategic challenges
Louise van Schaik Edited by Laura Chappell,
Jocelyn Mawdsley and Petar Petrov
EU Foreign Policy and Crisis
Management Operations EU–US Cooperation on Internal
Power, purpose and domestic politics Security
Benjamin Pohl Building a transatlantic regime
Dimitrios Anagnostakis
EU Foreign Policy, Transitional
Justice and Mediation
Principle, policy and practice
Laura Davis
EU–US Cooperation on
Internal Security
Building a transatlantic regime
Dimitrios Anagnostakis
RO Routledge
UTLEDG Taylor & Francis Group
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Dimitrios Anagnostakis
The right of Dimitrios Anagnostakis to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-i n-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data
Names: Anagnostakis, Dimitrios, author.
Title: EU–US cooperation on internal security : building a transatlantic
regime / Dimitrios Anagnostakis.
Other titles: European Union–United States cooperation on internal
security
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |
Series Routledge studies in European security and strategy |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016038438| ISBN 9781138690165 (hardback : alk.
paper) | ISBN 9781315520179 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Internal security–European Union countries. | Internal
security–United States. | Security, International–International cooperation.
| Terrorism–Prevention–International cooperation. | Judicial assistance–
International cooperation. | Law enforcement–International cooperation. |
Airlines–Passenger lists–International cooperation. | European Union
countries–Foreign relations–United States. | United States–Foreign
relations–European Union countries.
Classification: LCC HV8194.A2 A63 2017 | DDC 363.32094–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038438
ISBN: 978-1-138-69016-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-52017-9 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
To my parents Maria and Nikos
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Contents
Acknowledgements viii
List of abbreviations ix
Introduction 1
1 Theories of international regimes 21
2 Customs security cooperation between the European
Union and the United States 44
3 Judicial cooperation between the European Union and the
United States: the mutual legal assistance and extradition
agreements 67
4 Transatlantic law enforcement cooperation: the
agreements between Europol and the United States 90
5 The passenger name record agreements between the
European Union and the United States 115
Conclusion 148
Index 165
Acknowledgements
I would like first to thank my PhD supervisor Wyn Rees for his help and guid-
ance during the duration of my doctoral studies. His encouragement, patience,
and support were immensely helpful. My thanks also go to Alex Danchev, Rory
Cormac, Sarah Léonard, and David Gill for their insightful comments and sug-
gestions on the manuscript. They bear no responsibility for any shortcomings in
this book.
My thanks are owed to the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation,
which provided generous financial assistance for the completion of this project.
This research would have been impossible to carry out without the Foundation’s
help and support.
I would like to thank the officials from the European Union and the United
States who shared their knowledge and information with me. Their practitioner
perspective is crucial for this book. Although they are not named here, I am
grateful for their kindness.
Thanks are also due to Andrew Humphrys and Hannah Ferguson at Routledge
for their help in organising the reviews and in addressing various issues related
to the publication process. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers
of this book for their useful comments and constructive criticism.
My thanks also go to all my friends and colleagues in the UK, Greece, and
Turkey who contributed to a friendly environment.
I owe special thanks to Melis for her support and patience. Her encourage-
ment and our shared moments kept me motivated for the duration of this project.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents Maria and Nikos for their ceaseless
support and sacrifices. I would not have been able to get this far without them.
This book is dedicated to them.
Abbreviations
AEO Authorised Economic Operator
API Advance Passenger Information
APIS Advance Passenger Information System
CAPS Computer- Assisted Aviation Pre- screening System
CBP Customs and Border Protection Unit
CRS Computer Reservation Systems
CSI Container Security Initiative
C- TPAT Customs- Trade Partnership Against Terrorism
DHS Department of Homeland Security
EAW European Arrest Warrant
EC European Community
EU European Union
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
JHA Justice and Home Affairs
JSB Joint Supervisory Body
MLA Mutual Legal Assistance
NTA New Transatlantic Agenda
PNR Passenger Name Records
TFTP Terrorist Finance Tracking Programme
US United States
WCO World Customs Organization
